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Elastic collision law. An important detail which has not been discussed carefully enough in the literature is the collision law for particle–particle and particle–wall collisions in the presence of a deforming particle shape or deforming wall. The collision law that we use is an elastic one, in the following sense : linear andangular momentum are conserved, and the direction of the relative normal surface-to-surface velocityv[ cross-radial] at the point ofcontact is reversed upon collision(but the magnitude is unchanged). It is most convenient to consider binary collisions only and then just take the limit that the ‘‘mass’’ of a hard wall goes to infinity.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - elastic%20collision%20law

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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On appelle «élastique» un processus dans lequel l’énergie cinétique est conservée. Par choc élastique, un neutron est néanmoins ralenti (sauf éventuellement dans le domaine thermique) car le noyau cible, pratiquement immobile initialement, encaisse un certain recul au cours du choc; nous verrons que le ralentissement élastique est surtout efficace si les collisions ont lieu sur les noyaux légers.  1, fiche 1, Français, - %20loi%20du%20choc%20%C3%A9lastique

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A flow that remains constant in magnitude or in direction of the velocity vector.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - steady%20flow

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Écoulement dont les caractéristiques hydrauliques demeurent constantes, en fonction du temps, dans toutes les sections d'un cours d'eau.  2, fiche 2, Français, - %C3%A9coulement%20permanent

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Kinematic stress is the stress per unit density. On the atmospheric side of the air-sea interface, kinematic stress is the stress divided by the density of air. Air-sea interaction can easily be modelled in terms of friction velocity, which can easily be relative to kinematic stress. The magnitude of the square of the friction velocity is equal to the magnitude of the kinematic stress, and the direction of the friction velocity is equal to the direction of the stress. In other words, the kinematic stress is the product of the friction velocity and the magnitude of the friction velocity.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - kinematic%20stress

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kinematic stress = m²/s²  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - kinematic%20stress

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Euler’s equations : A set of three differential equations expressing relations between the force moments, angular velocities, and angular accelerations of a rotating rigid body.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - Euler%27s%20equation

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Forced Precession. Consider now what happens when a rotating symmetric body is subjected to a torque. It is clear from Euler's equation that when the applied torque is parallel to the angular momentum, the body experiences an angular acceleration which changes the magnitude of the angular velocity but not its direction. However, that is where the analogy to the translational case ends. Strange as it may seem, the equation implies that the response of the rotor to a torque applied normal to the spin axis is to rotate in a direction normal to both the spin axis and the applied torque. This phenomenon is also called precession.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Euler%27s%20equation

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Terms usually used in the plural.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Euler%27s%20equation

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Mécanique classique I. Objectifs du cours. Introduire l'étudiante, l'étudiant aux concepts fondamentaux de la physique. Le cours porte particulièrement sur la mécanique de Newton et le Lagrange. [...] Dynamique des corps rigides. 1. Introduction. 2. Moment d'inertie. 3. Moment cinétique. 4. Les axes principaux d'inertie. 5. Angles d'Euler. 6. Équations d'Euler. 7. La toupie symétrique. 8. Applications.  2, fiche 4, Français, - %C3%A9quation%20d%27Euler

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Terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, fiche 4, Français, - %C3%A9quation%20d%27Euler

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Ecuaciones dinámicas generales del movimiento de un sólido rígido.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - ecuaciones%20de%20Euler

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Hydrological Data Collection. In order to model the hydrology of a stream study segment over a range of flow rates, it is necessary to collect specific data defining the hydraulic boundary conditions. Boundary conditions define the target hydraulic simulation output, i. e. the desired flow rate, velocity and water surface elevation at the up-stream and down-stream ends of the segment. Hydraulic boundary are typically defined by flow rate, velocity magnitude and direction and/or water surface elevation. Boundary conditions, for instream flow analysis, are usually defined at the up-stream or down-stream boundaries of the study segment. In addition to the boundary conditions it is important to collect both quantitative and qualitative hydraulic information within the boundaries of the study segment. This additional data is used for model calibration and verification.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - hydraulic%20boundary

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Flow in which the velocity changes in magnitude or direction with respect to time.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - unsteady%20flow

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Écoulement dans lequel la vitesse varie avec le temps, en grandeur ou en direction.  3, fiche 6, Français, - %C3%A9coulement%20non%20permanent

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Flujo en el que la velocidad cambia de magnitud o de dirección respecto al tiempo.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - flujo%20variable

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The time rate of change of position of a body without regard to direction; in other words, the magnitude of the velocity vector.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - speed

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We define the average speed of a particle as the ratio of the total distance traveled and the total time taken.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - speed

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Distance parcourue pendant l'unité de temps.  2, fiche 7, Français, - vitesse

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La vitesse d'une particule se déplaçant en ligne droite s'obtient à partir de sa position en fonction du temps.  3, fiche 7, Français, - vitesse

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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by a fine adjustment of the velocity magnitude and direction  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - velocity%20magnitude%20and%20direction

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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par une correction minutieuse de l'intensité et de la direction du vecteur de vitesse  1, fiche 8, Français, - intensit%C3%A9%20et%20direction%20du%20vecteur%20de%20vitesse

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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if at a given instant the velocity is the same in both magnitude and direction at every point in space the flow is uniform.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - uniform%20flow

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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la zone d'écoulement supersonique uniforme (...) s'étend entre le front de l'onde de choc et la surface de séparation S.  1, fiche 9, Français, - %C3%A9coulement%20uniforme

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol