TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laser force microscope senses topography by moving a tungsten or silicon probe across a sample(typically a microelectronic component) at a height of a few nanometers. The tip is set vibrating at close to its resonance frequency. Attractive forces... called van der Waals attractions and the surface tension of water that condenses between tip and sample, pull on the tip, changing its resonance frequency and so reducing its vibration amplitude. The variation in the forces, and hence in tip travel, reveals surface relief. A laser probe tracks the tip by means of a beam that is split into two. One of the beams is reflected through a stationary prism; the other passes through a Bragg cell--a device that shifts the beam's frequency--and is reflected from the back of the probe. The beams are recombined, and their interference produces a signal(at the Bragg-cell frequency) that measures the tip vibration.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - laser%20force%20microscope

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Scanning laser force microscope.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - laser%20force%20microscope

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SAGEM is a world leader of inertial technology. Its expertise in gyroscopes ranges from controlled rate to floating, tuned-rotor, electrostatically suspended, ring laser, fiber optic and vibrating beam types. Accelerometer technologies include pendulum, vibrating beam and silicon. In-house expertise also includes GPS, GLONASS and terrain referenced navigation. Advanced digital Kalman filtering techniques are used to perform tightly integrated hybrid INS/GPS/GLONASS navigation. As a result of this global and sustained effort, SAGEM offers a range of pure inertial or hybrid navigation systems for submarines and surface ships, land vehicles, aircraft, helicopters and space vehicles.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - inertial%20technology

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SAGEM est un leader mondial de la technologie inertielle. Ses compétences en matière de gyroscopie recouvrent toute la gamme des : gyromètres; gyroscopes flottants; gyroscopes accordés; gyroscopes à suspension électrostatique (GSE); gyroscopes laser, à fibres optiques, ou gyroscopes vibrants. Les technologies d'accéléromètres comprennent notamment les types pendulaires, à poutre vibrante et au silicium. Les compétences maîtrisées par SAGEM recouvrent aussi le domaine de la radiolocalisation par satellite GPS, GLONASS et du recalage par corrélation d'altitude. Cet effort global se traduit aujourd'hui par une gamme complète de systèmes inertiels et hybrides pour sous-marins et bâtiments de surface, véhicules terrestres, avions, hélicoptères et véhicules spatiaux.  2, fiche 2, Français, - technologie%20inertielle

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Temporal Paul wavelet analysis for instantaneous phase extraction using shadow moiré technique is proposed. Unlike the Morlet wavelet, the Paul wavelet has less restriction on the adjustment of wavelet parameters and can provide an optimal time and frequency resolution for a particular application by selecting the proper parameters. The Paul wavelet is a complex wavelet and is suitable for processing the temporal intensity data obtained from the shadow moiré technique for the phase retrieval. The proposed method can extract the phase information related to the state of the dynamic object at every instant in temporal domain. The phase information is associated to the displacement, three-dimensional(3D) surface-profile and the instantaneous state of the dynamic object. In addition, the instantaneous frequency of vibrating object can be obtained using the scale of the wavelet ridge by direct integration without temporal and spatial phase unwrapping. Thus the phase unwrapping error can be avoided. An experiment is conducted on the central loaded beam to demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - shadow%20moir%C3%A9%20technique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term “moiré” is ... a French word referring to “an irregular wavy finish usually produced on a fabric by pressing between engraved rollers” (Webster’s 1981). In optics it refers to a beat pattern produced between two gratings of approximately equal spacing. It can be seen in everyday things such as the overlapping of two window screens, the rescreening of a half-tone picture, or with a striped shirt seen on television. The use of moiré for reduced sensitivity testing was introduced by Lord Rayleigh in 1874. Lord Rayleigh looked at the moiré between two identical gratings to determine their quality even though each individual grating could not be resolved under a microscope. ... Since Lord Rayleigh first noticed the phenomena of moiré fringes, moiré techniques have been used for a number of testing applications. Righi (1887) first noticed that the relative displacement of two gratings could be determined by observing the movement of the moiré fringes. The next significant advance in the use of moiré was presented by Weller and Shepherd (1948). They used moiré to measure the deformation of an object under applied stress by looking at the differences in a grating pattern before and after the applied stress. They were the first to use shadow moiré, where a grating is placed in front of a nonflat surface to determine the shape of the object behind it by using the shape of the moiré fringes.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - shadow%20moir%C3%A9%20technique

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le moiré d’ombre. Cette technique […] consiste à créer un moiré entre une grille de référence placée juste devant l’objet, et l’ombre de cette même grille projetée sur la surface étudiée. Les déformations de cette surface modifient le pas du réseau «ombre» créant ainsi le moiré. Une mesure du pas de ce moiré permet, à l’aide des équations précédentes, de remont3er aux déformations locales et de dresser la carte des hauteurs.  5, fiche 3, Français, - technique%20du%20moir%C3%A9%20d%27ombre

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le moiré d’ombre. Il s’agit d’un dérivé (conceptuellement, pas historiquement) de la mesure de forme par projection de frange.  6, fiche 3, Français, - technique%20du%20moir%C3%A9%20d%27ombre

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The resonant breaker... produces low amplitude, high frequency blows by vibrating a large steel beam that is connected to a foot(can be varied in width from six to twelve inches) that is moved along the concrete surface at the front of the machine. Resonant breakers require multiple passes to rubblize the full lane width.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - resonant%20breaker%20machine

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Brise-dalle muni d'un sabot vibrant et qui est utilisé dans les opérations de fracturation par résonnance.  1, fiche 4, Français, - brise%2Ddalle%20par%20r%C3%A9sonnance

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A linear accelerometer with one or more proof masses constrained by one or more force sensitive beam resonators. The resultant change in oscillation frequency is a function of input acceleration. The resonators are often configured as differential pairs for common mode error rejection.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - vibrating%20beam%20accelerometer

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in 1991, NRL [Naval Research Laboratory] assisted a defense contractor by using ion implantation to improve the performance of an experimental vibrating beam accelerometer(a guidance instrument). It will result in an increase in guidance reliability and accuracy, as well as a reduction in the weight of guidance systems.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - vibrating%20beam%20accelerometer

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La précision des centrales à inertie conditionne directement celle de la trajectoire du missile. En effet, la phase du vol pendant laquelle on peut guider le missile se limite à la phase propulsée, qui dure de 100 à 200 secondes, alors que la phase balistique (non propulsée), où le missile est soumis à la seule attraction terrestre, dure [...] de 1 000 à 2 000 secondes. Aujourd'hui, les limites technologiques des centrales inertielles de type pendulaire sont atteintes et il est envisagé d'utiliser d'autres types de capteurs pour améliorer la précision, tels que des accéléromètres à poutre vibrante.  2, fiche 5, Français, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20lame%20vibrante

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe depuis une dizaine d'années de petits accéléromètres à coût acceptable. Il existe plusieurs grands principes : Muruta produit le Gyrostar, un prisme excité par piézo, utilisant la force de Coriolis qui donne trois vitesses angulaires. [...] Les autres fabricants utilisent des lames ou poutres vibrantes donnant des accélérations perpendiculaires aux plans de vibration. Un barreau vibrant lesté, est excité par un piézo, un deuxième piézo collé sur la face opposée de la lamelle recueille le signal de vibration. En cas d'accélération perpendiculaire au plan de la lame, la sinusoïde reçue est déformée, le mouvement étant accéléré dans le sens du déplacement, freiné dans l'autre. Les signaux excitation et réponse sont combinés dans un soustracteur, une manipulation donne un signal qui pilote un convertisseur à PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). Le rapport cyclique variable donne l'accélération.  3, fiche 5, Français, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20lame%20vibrante

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The wet-surface profilometer(...) carries two recorder wheels(four for full-width construction of a two-lane carriageway) which are set in the same position relative to the chassis wheels as that occupied by the trailing edge of the vibrating beam(...). The recording wheels are counter-balanced so that the pressure on the concrete is only just sufficient to cause rotation, and the vertical movement of each is recorded autographically.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - recording%20wheel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Recorder wheel" and "recording wheel", strictly speaking, are used to register or record conditions on the pavement; in some machines such as the multi-wheeled California profilograph these terms refer to a wheel which measures the vertical displacement of other wheels on the pavement, which themselves are then called "reference wheels" in respect to the recording wheel.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - recording%20wheel

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il s'agit de l'analyseur du profil en long, l'APL 72, constitué de deux remorques tractées par un véhicule rapide et comportant chacune une roue palpeuse en contact avec la chaussée.  2, fiche 6, Français, - roue%20palpeuse

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol