TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are tiny RNA [ribonucleic acid] transcripts that guide the editing machinery through base-pairing with the mRNAs [messenger ribonucleic acids] in edited regions. gRNAs are complementary to small segments of the fully edited mRNAs, and thus serve as mini-templates to guide the addition and deletion of Us from the pre-edited mRNA as they form a locally double-stranded RNA helix.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

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No one studying molecular biology can escape the impact that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has had on the field. In its natural environment, it functions as an adaptive bacterial immune system that can remember past viral infections. However, it is mainly known and popular as a highly versatile and precise tool for gene editing.... At the heart of the system is Cas9, a programmable and sequence‐specific endonuclease that introduces double‐strand breaks into DNA, which can be exploited to modify the DNA sequence in many different ways. The Cas9 cleavage site is determined by a small RNA molecule, termed guide RNA(gRNA), that base pairs with the target DNA and at the same time binds to Cas9 to initiate the site‐specific double‐strand break...  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ARN s'associant à une enzyme ou à un complexe protéique, qui, lorsqu'il s'apparie à une séquence d'ARN ou d'ADN complémentaire, permet à l'enzyme ou au complexe protéique de se positionner sur cet ARN ou ADN complémentaire.  4, fiche 1, Français, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ARN guide : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mars 2018.  5, fiche 1, Français, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Quantitative PCR ... indicates not just whether a specific DNA segment is present in a sample, but also how much of it is there. ... Quantitative PCR is used ... to help search for and evaluate targets, i.e. the sites in the body at which new drugs can act. ... the number of working copies of a specific gene [can be] measured by quantitative PCR. ... By comparing the profiles in healthy and ill people it is possible to determine ... whether a gene ... is associated with the development or progression of a disease. ... Another important application of quantitative PCR is in molecular diagnosis, i.e. the diagnosis of diseases [particularly viral diseases] based on molecular findings rather than on physiological symptoms.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - quantitative%20PCR

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR consists in the selective amplification of a given DNA sequence from a pathogen's genome.... PCR can be quantitative, i. e. it can evaluate the viral or bacterial load(number of pathogen per milliliter of blood), which can be very useful to follow the effect of an antibiotic or antiviral therapy.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - quantitative%20PCR

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

QPCR: Although this abbreviation is widely used to refer to "quantitative PCR", it is also sometimes used to refer to "qualitative PCR".  6, fiche 2, Anglais, - quantitative%20PCR

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] le virus se multiplie activement dans le foie et peut être détecté dans le sang par [la] PCR qui permet d'amplifier la présence de brins de virus actif (ARN). Il existe deux modalités, l'une globale ou PCR qualitative, l'autre plus précise mesurant le nombre de particules virales circulantes ou PCR quantitative [qui permet] de mesurer la charge virale avant [un] traitement et d'en suivre le taux durant celui-ci.  3, fiche 2, Français, - PCR%20quantitative

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La PCR quantitative [...] ne détecte pas des quantités de virus aussi faibles que la PCR qualitative, mais elle permet de mesurer la quantité de virus présent dans l'organisme. C'est un reflet de l'importance de la multiplication du virus [...] Elle est également utile lors de la surveillance du traitement. Elle permet d'évaluer son efficacité et [de] savoir s'il faut le poursuivre ou non [...]  4, fiche 2, Français, - PCR%20quantitative

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Analysis of the viral sequence suggests that the virus involved in the Western African epidemics is a member of the Zaire lineage that has spread from Central Africa into Guinea and West Africa in recent decades...  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - viral%20sequence

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The sequential correspondence of nucleotide triplets in a nucleic acid molecule which permits nucleic acid hybridization.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - sequence%20homology

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sequence homology is important in the study of mechanisms of oncogenesis and also as an indication of the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. The concept includes viral homology.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - sequence%20homology

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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One of the first viral genes to be transcribed, tat, is encoded in the short transcripts and produces a regulatory protein that speeds up transcription of the HIV provirus. This protein acts by binding to specific sequences within the viral RNA called TAR. Once the tat protein binds to the TAR sequence, transcription of the provirus by cellular RNA polymerase II accelerates at least 1, 000-fold.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - trans%2Dacting%20responsive%20element

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'un des premiers gènes viraux transcrits sous la forme de courtes séquences d'ARN est le gène tat: il code une protéine régulatrice qui accélère la transcription du provirus. Cette protéine se lie à une séquence spécifique de l'ARN viral nommé TAR; une fois que la protéine tat est lié à la séquence TAR, l'ARN polymérase II de la cellule transcript le provirus au moins 1000 fois plus vite qu'auparavant.  3, fiche 5, Français, - prot%C3%A9ine%20transactivatrice

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol