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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... We have already seen that a union may restrict the supply of labor in order to travel upward on the derived demand curve for labor.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - derived%20demand%20curve%20for%20labor

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are four main methods by which a union might hope to raise wages :(1)... reduce the supply of labor.(2)... use their collective bargaining power to raise standard wage rates directly.(3)... cause the derived demand curve for labor to shift upward.(4)... resist exploitation of laborers facing an employer with monopoly bargaining.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - derived%20demand%20curve%20for%20labor

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Figure 27-2 shows that the marginal-product curve of labor gives the dd demand curve of all employers in real wages... The population supply give us ss, and the equilibrium wage comes at E.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - marginal%2Dproduct%20curve%20of%20labor

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Addiction specialists will be watching closely to see whether the Tory get-tough approach on drugs will be balanced with efforts to reduce demand. Critics have blasted Ottawa's past efforts to wage war on drugs for being too heavy on law enforcement and too light on prevention and treatment.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - addiction%20specialist

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los especialistas en adicciones diseñarán, controlarán y evaluarán estrategias de prevención a nivel primario, secundario, terciario y participarán activamente en el proceso de rehabilitación de la persona adicta y la atención especial para la familia [...]  1, fiche 3, Espagnol, - especialista%20en%20adicciones

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Today most economic theorists believe that the favorable effects during recession of any over-all general wage cut will depend upon how it affects the balance of saving and investment, or total real demand.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - real%20demand

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... business demand for inputs or productive factors meets the public' s supply of labor and offer inputs in the... factor markets to help determine wage, rent and interest income...  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - factor%20market

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Factores de producción  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - mercado%20de%20factores

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Attitudes or beliefs about future economic activity.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - expectations

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

While expectations are hard to measure, they can have a significant impact on future trends. Consumers who expect interest rates to rise may delay the purchase of homes or major consumer products, thus slowing down business activity. Wage-earners who expect inflation to continue or to get worse may demand even bigger wage increases in collective bargaining, thus adding to inflation pressures. Businesspeople who are gloomy about future profits because they expect costs to rise sharply or because they see few signs of future market growth will delay investment plans, thus slowing down economic growth. Economists now use business-and consumer-confidence surveys to help measure changes in expectations.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - expectations

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term usually used in the plural.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - expectations

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypothèses, plus ou moins optimistes ou pessimistes quant à l'avenir, sur lesquelles les agents économiques fondent leurs prévisions en vue d'une décision.  1, fiche 6, Français, - anticipations

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, fiche 6, Français, - anticipations

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crime is highly significant in explaining differences among the industrial countries; a 10 percent increase in crime is associated with a 10 percent reduction in currency demand and a 6 percent reduction in overall money demand.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - money%20demand

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the higher dollar demand engineered by fiscal and monetary policy cannot be expected to provide the same kind of jobs using exactly the same skills and paying exactly the same wage rates.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - money%20demand

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

money demand growth.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - money%20demand

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Está constituida por la suma de las necesidades de efectivo que, en un momento dado, tienen los individuos y las empresas.  2, fiche 7, Espagnol, - demanda%20de%20dinero

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La actividad delictiva contribuye considerablemente a explicar las diferencias entre los países industriales; un incremento del 10% de la actividad delictiva corresponde a una reducción del 10% en la demanda de divisas y a una reducción del 6% en la demanda general de dinero.  3, fiche 7, Espagnol, - demanda%20de%20dinero

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

crecimiento de la demanda de dinero.  4, fiche 7, Espagnol, - demanda%20de%20dinero

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... if heterogeneous people are to be free to choose their own occupations and given the choice of working a little harder and longer in return for extra consumption goods, then it will be necessary to set up a system of actual market wages at which people can sell their services. These wage rates will be set just higher enough to equate demand and supply.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - market%20wage

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Taux de salaire prépondérant.  1, fiche 8, Français, - salaire%20du%20march%C3%A9

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The equilibrium wage rate would be determined by supply and demand.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - equilibrium%20wage%20rate

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) if heterogeneous people are to be free to choose their own occupations and given the choice of working a little harder and longer in return for extra consumption goods, then it will be necessary to set up a system of actual market wages at which people can sell their services. These wage rates will be set just high enough to equate demand and supply.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - actual%20market%20wage

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Case of inelastic derived demand. Suppose that a particular building-trades union, such as the electricians’, raises wages. This case emphasizes the factors making for inelastic demand and a small resulting drop in employment of electricians.(1) Note that in the short run, employers cannot substitute other factors-such as machines or plasterers-for electricians.(2) Do not forget the importance of being unimportant : The total cost of a house will be little affected by a change in the wage rate of electricians alone. This fact will tend to cause only a mild reduction of employment as a result of an increase in their wages.(3) Suppose there is a great housing shortage so that people feel they need homes desperately. Inelasticity of demand for the final product, housing, will lower the derived elasticity for electricians.(4) Suppose that all practicing electricians must be in the union, so that an increase in wages is not followed by a great increase in nonunion labor supplied. This inelasticity of supply of other factors will tend to make the demand for union electricians inelastic.(5) Suppose, finally, that administered pricing or public regulation will not permit the prices at which houses are available to change much. This will make for a little quantity of houses sold and hence inelastic demand for the factors that build house.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - inelastic%20derived%20demand

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If we know the supply and demand curves for(...) laborers [who are all exactly alike in skill, effort and every other respect](...), then the competitive equilibrium wage must be at E, the intersection point.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - competitive%20equilibrium%20wage

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol