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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A [building] in which all floor weight, all or nearly all wall weight, and all wind pressure are carried by a metal frame.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - skeleton%2Dframe%20building

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basic structure comprises of couple shear walls at the wings and lift core walls at the centre to resist lateral wind load. Large panel construction in the form of table and wall formwork is used for casting the floor and structural shear walls. It will save time when the form work is handled as one unit and the table form can produce a surface neater than conventional plywood formwork. The concreting cycle for one floor is 9 days.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - large%20panel%20construction

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] on peut distinguer deux classes de préfabrication : la préfabrication légère et la préfabrication lourde. [La première] fait appel à des éléments d'un poids maximal de l'ordre de la tonne : ossatures métalliques, murs-rideaux, panneaux de façade, de petites dimensions, en matière plastique ou en béton, poutrelles de plancher, allèges de façade eb béton, etc. [La seconde] met en jeu des éléments dont les dimensions sont beaucoup plus importantes : planchers complets de pièce d'habitation, façades de la hauteur d'étage, éléments de couverture de grande portée, dont le poids peut atteindre [...] une quinzaine de tonnes. [...] La part la plus importante revient dans ces techniques à la préfabrication par grands panneaux [...]  1, fiche 2, Français, - pr%C3%A9fabrication%20par%20grand%20panneaux

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La préfabrication du gros-œuvre à grands éléments, dite lourde. La préfabrication lourde du gros-œuvre, concurremment avec le moulage industrialisé «in situ» à parement fini, a pris [...] un très grand développement.  2, fiche 2, Français, - pr%C3%A9fabrication%20par%20grand%20panneaux

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Heterodera carotae (Jones), described in England for the first time in 1950  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - carrot%20cyst%20nematode

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Heteroderidae. Cyst nematodes, highly specific, attacking members of but few genera in a given plant family, partially endoparasitic, quite sedentary, attached to root by neck only. The female is lemon-shaped to globoid, white, yellow, or brown, 0. 5 to 0. 75 mm. Eggs are deposited or retained in body of mother, whose leathery wall forms a true cyst. Eggs remain alive for years in cysts, which are spread by wind or in soil around nonhost plants.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - carrot%20cyst%20nematode

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nématode de la carotte. Heterodera carotae (Jones). Ce nématode produit des kystes en forme de citron. Il provoque le dépérissement des cultures de carottes atteintes: le feuillage est chétif, rougeâtre, les radicelles sont anormalement développées et nombreuses.  2, fiche 3, Français, - n%C3%A9matode%20%C3%A0%20kyste%20de%20la%20carotte

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Décrit pour la première fois en Angleterre en 1950.  1, fiche 3, Français, - n%C3%A9matode%20%C3%A0%20kyste%20de%20la%20carotte

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A variable number of] parallel rows of wind turbines closely aligned to each other but with alternating tower heights.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - wind%20wall

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wind turbines installed in wind wall configurations are safer for birds, as are wind turbines within dense clusters of turbines and those forming the interior of wind turbine strings.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - wind%20wall

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation étagée d'éoliennes alignées étroitement les unes à côté des autres.  2, fiche 4, Français, - mur%20d%27%C3%A9oliennes

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A portion of a wood-frame wall where bracing, sheathing, cladding or interior finish is designed and installed to provide the required resistance to lateral loads due to wind or earthquake.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - braced%20wall%20panel

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie d'un mur à ossature de bois dans laquelle le contreventement, le revêtement intermédiaire, le revêtement extérieur ou le revêtement intérieur de finition est conçu et posé de manière à assurer la résistance requise aux charges latérales dues au vent ou aux séismes.  1, fiche 5, Français, - panneau%20mural%20contrevent%C3%A9

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

cladding : Refers to the external envelope(covering) of the building, which normally carries no loads beyond its own weight, those imposed by snow and wind, and those that occur during maintenance. It describes steel, asbestos, fibre-cement, plastic and other material manufactured sheets exposed to the external environment. Roofing : cladding for roofing is often referred to as roofing, roof sheeting or roof cladding. Walls : cladding for walls is sometimes known as walling, siding, or wall cladding.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - wall%20cladding

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wall cladding: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - wall%20cladding

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

revêtement mural; parement mural : termes uniformisés par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  2, fiche 6, Français, - rev%C3%AAtement%20mural

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system for harvesting the energy of waves (swell) in the shape of an on-shore barrier that retains and directs the water in a reservoir linked with a turbine for the production of electricity.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - wave%20energy%20breakwater

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Energetech Australia is building a prototype electricity generator based on wave power on the breakwater at Port Kembla in New South Wales. A submerged chamber is open below the water level. When the waves rise up around the chamber, the water inside the chamber rises and falls with the waves. This compresses and decompresses air above the water in the chamber, creating airflow which drives a turbine. The turbines work with the air flowing in both directions. The blades change angle, depending on the speed and direction of the airflow … An ocean wall in the shape of a parabola concentrates the wave energy onto a central point where the power station is located … The amount of converted energy depends on the wind speed, the time the wind blows over the waves, and the distance it covers. During a wave's voyage, it shapes into a more regular wave, commonly referred to as a swell. At ocean shores, swells are very regular and discernable, even when the sea is calm.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - wave%20energy%20breakwater

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Générateurs utilisant la houle […] La houle, dont l’origine se trouve dans les vents, représente un immense gisement d’énergie. Les puissances disponibles s’expriment par unité de longueur de front de vague et atteignent quelques 10 kW [kilowatts]/m. [Parmi les] principaux dispositifs exploitant l’énergie des vagues [on trouve les] barrages à houle situés sur les côtes; par déferlement, l’eau de mer remplit un réservoir et est ensuite turbinée. Ces systèmes présentent l’avantage de lisser la puissance et d’obtenir une production relativement régulière, en tout cas, qui ne fluctue pas au rythme des vagues, mais ils occupent de l’espace sur les côtes […]  1, fiche 7, Français, - barrage%20%C3%A0%20houle

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rugged, irregular wall of broken floating ice buckled upward by the lateral pressure of wind or current forcing or squeezing one floe against another.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - pressure%20ridge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Børge Ousland, a Norwegian explorer and deep-sea diver by profession, ... would have to conquer more than 600 miles of drifting ice on the open sea, fighting the severe cold and other inhospitable conditions, and navigate through pressure ridges formed by huge colliding blocks of ice ...  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - pressure%20ridge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This floating ice] may be fresh or weathered, and extend many kilometers in length and up to 30 m in height.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - pressure%20ridge

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bossellement linéaire de la banquise sous l'effet de la compression.  2, fiche 8, Français, - cr%C3%AAte%20de%20pression

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent(not opening along a seam). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed away from the parent tree.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - samara

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fruit sec indéhiscent ailé contenant une seule graine (rarement deux).  1, fiche 9, Français, - samare

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fruit de l'érable, de l'orme et du hêtre, entre autres.  2, fiche 9, Français, - samare

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wind tunnel in which the air stream is vertical.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - vertical%20wind%20tunnel

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If there is a question of a wind instrument in the Sacso project, it is not a matter of music but of flight mechanics and aerodynamics. Sacso designates a very particular model testing mechanism in a wind tunnel, dedicated to predicting the behavior of aircraft in flight. Contrary to the traditional setup where the model is fixed to the wall by some rigid device(sting, mast, or other), here it is suspended and driven in motion in the flow by nine cables, with controlled tension. Recent robotics techniques are used to control the system, namely "hybrid force-position control of parallel redundant kinematics. "This mechanism is currently dimensioned for the low-velocity domain(0-35 m/s) and is installed in Onera's vertical wind tunnel in Lille.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - vertical%20wind%20tunnel

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Soufflerie dans laquelle le courant d'air est vertical [...] Principalement employé pour essayer des maquettes en vrille libre.  2, fiche 10, Français, - soufflerie%20verticale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mesures en soufflerie ne permettront jamais de se passer d'essais en vol. Mais, dans la soufflerie verticale de l'Onera (Office national d'études et de recherches aéronautiques), à Lille, un nouveau montage laisse entrevoir des perspectives inédites pour le réalisme des tests. Alors que les mouvements des maquettes de soufflerie sont généralement limités à un seul degré de liberté, ce montage permet de les faire évoluer selon des conditions proches du vol libre grâce à une suspension active, et donc d'étudier les couplages entre l'aérodynamique et le mouvement. Soit un gain énorme sur la capacité de prévision du mouvement des aéronefs : «Pour nous, il s'agit de prendre en compte la position de l'avion par rapport au vent, ainsi que les effets propres aux avions en rotation dans le vent» [...  3, fiche 10, Français, - soufflerie%20verticale

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Applies to a framework of a house which has been stiffened against wind stresses, etc.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - braced

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Tilt-up construction... is a quick, economical method of constructing concrete walls. Wall panels are cast horizontally on the floor slab. Then, once they are strong enough, a mobile crane lifts the panels up and sets them on a foundation. The panels are temporarily braced while the roof and upper floor framing is constructed. An investigation of the incident in North Carolina revealed that the employer had failed to install adequate bracing, and/or had removed temporary braces on several of the tilt-up wall panels, before completing all permanent connections to the structure.... Ensure that tilt-up panels are properly braced to resist wind and lateral forces.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - braced

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une charpente qui a été renforcée pour la raidir contre la poussée du vent, etc.  2, fiche 11, Français, - contrevent%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un mur contreventé à l'aide de pièces de bois posées en diagonale [...] acquiert une résistance latérale et devient un mur de contreventement [...]  3, fiche 11, Français, - contrevent%C3%A9

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Strong wind, producing a duststorm or sandstorm, in central and northern Sudan.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - haboob

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning wind. Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s1(30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s1(62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m(3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure.  4, fiche 12, Anglais, - haboob

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vent fort, produisant une tempête de poussière ou de sable, dans le centre et le nord du Soudan.  3, fiche 12, Français, - haboob

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En la parte central y septentrional del Sudán, el fuerte viento que acompaña a las tormentas de polvo o arena.  1, fiche 12, Espagnol, - haboob

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An unusual, frequently severe weather condition characterized by strong winds and dust-filled air over an extensive area.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - duststorm

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A duststorm usually arrives suddenly in the form of an advancing dust wall which may be miles long and several thousand feet high, ahead of which there may be some dust whirls, either detached or merging with the main mass. Ahead of the dust wall the air is very hot and the wind is light.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - duststorm

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Prerequisite to a dust storm is a period of drought over an area of normally arable land, thus providing the very fine particles of dust which distinguish it from the more common sandstorm of desert regions.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - duststorm

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In United States weather observing practice, if blowing dust reduces visibility to between 5/8 and 5/16 statute mile, a "duststorm" is reported; if the visibility is reduced to below 5/16 statute mile, it is reported as a "severe duststorm".  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - duststorm

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de particules de poussière puissamment soulevées du sol par un vent fort et turbulent jusqu'à de grandes élévations.  2, fiche 13, Français, - temp%C3%AAte%20de%20poussi%C3%A8re

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de partículas de polvo [...] levantado a gran altura por un viento fuerte y turbulento.  1, fiche 13, Espagnol, - tempestad%20de%20polvo

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Insulating paper which is applied between the sheathing and outer wall of a building to prevent wind infiltration.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - sheathing%20paper

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Tar paper sheeting applied between the sheating and outer covering of a wall to prevent wind and water infiltration.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - sheathing%20paper

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 DEF

Building paper, particularly when fixed to sheathing.  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - sheathing%20paper

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Papier traité de goudron ou d'asphalte, utilisé sous le parement extérieur du mur comme protection contre le passage de l'eau ou de l'air.  2, fiche 14, Français, - papier%20de%20rev%C3%AAtement

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Papel aislante que se coloca entre el revestimiento y el muro exterior de un edificio para prevenir las infiltraciones del aire.  3, fiche 14, Espagnol, - papel%20de%20revestimiento

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A horizontal, stiffening and structural member installed near the top of a floating-roof tank to reinforce the tank wall against wind pressure.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - wind%20girder

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(en haut de réservoir).  1, fiche 15, Français, - virole%20renforc%C3%A9e

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Loadbearing wall intended to make a significant contribution towards the resistance of horizontal forces acting in its own plane.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - shear%20wall

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Walls enclose buildings, exclude weather, functionally subdivide floor areas.... As shear walls, they resist the lateral loads caused by seismic forces or wind parallel to the axis of the wall.  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - shear%20wall

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term and definition standardized by ISO.  4, fiche 16, Anglais, - shear%20wall

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mur porteur destiné à résister aux forces horizontales agissant dans son propre plan.  3, fiche 16, Français, - mur%20travaillant%20en%20cisaillement

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans un système] structural double composé d'une ossature spatiale ductile résistant aux moments et de murs travaillant en cisaillement ou de contreventements en acier [, les] murs travaillant en cisaillement ou les contreventements en acier doivent résister à l'effort latéral total sans tenir compte de l'ossature.  1, fiche 16, Français, - mur%20travaillant%20en%20cisaillement

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mur de contreventement : Terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  4, fiche 16, Français, - mur%20travaillant%20en%20cisaillement

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a repeated deflection or bending in-and-out of the interior wall finish material due to wind pressure.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - volume%20pumping

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Pompage" : Trav. publ.: Effet de fléchissements et de soulèvements alternés, au passage de lourdes charges, des bords de dalles de chaussées en béton, qui entraîne la détérioration du sol sous les joints.  2, fiche 17, Français, - effet%20de%20pompage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Pompage" : Cybern. : Régime d'auto-oscillations, caractéristique d'un système actif dont la stabilité n'est pas satisfaisante.  2, fiche 17, Français, - effet%20de%20pompage

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The extraction of air from a surface, such as the side of an engine air intake to remove the more slowly moving air or from a wind tunnel wall to improve the efficiency of its diffuse.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - bleed

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Destinée à éliminer l'air.  1, fiche 18, Français, - purge

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol