TERMIUM Plus^®

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Muscarine, a natural product from the mushroom "Amanita muscaria, "stimulates Ach [acetylcholine](cholinergic) receptors at the parasympathetic terminal sites : exocrine glands(lacrimal, salivary, and bronchial mucous glands), cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle(gastrointestinal tract). Ach receptors at these sites and the effects of parasympathetic stimulation at these sites are termed "muscarinic. "A muscarinic effect well known to respiratory care clinicians is the increase in airway secretions after administration of Ach-like drugs, such as neostigmine. There is also a decrease in blood pressure caused by slowing of the heart and vasodilation.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - muscarinic%20effect

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À faible dose l'effet muscarinique se reconnaît au ralentissement cardiaque, à la diminution de la force des contractions du cœur, à la vasodilatation périphérique et à l'hypotension.  2, fiche 1, Français, - effet%20muscarinique

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... UOG resources are those that, in their pre-development state, are trapped in rocks that cannot be produced economically without the use of well stimulation to augment reservoir quality.... coal-bed methane, shale gas, fractured reservoirs, tight oil, oil shales, tight gas, and gas hydrates are all considered unconventional resources...  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - unconventional%20oil%20and%20gas%20resources

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Cyclic steam stimulation. In order to soften the oil sand before pumping, for several weeks high-pressure steam is injected into the oil sand formation. Steam helps recover the resource in several ways. The heat softens the oil sand and the water vapour helps to break up the bitumen from the sand. The pressure created in the underground environment causes cracks to be formed that adds drive to move the bitumen to producing wells. After a portion of the reservoir has been satisfactorily saturated, the steam is turned off and the reservoir allowed to sit for several weeks. After it has been allowed to sit and soak up the steam and moisture, the production phase brings the bitumen to the surface. It either flows on its own, or is pumped up the well to the surface. When the rates of production start to decline, the reservoir is pumped with steam once again.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - cyclic%20steam%20stimulation

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[...] le procédé CSS [Cyclic Steam Stimulation] consiste à utiliser un même puits alternativement en injection de vapeur et extraction de bitume. La vapeur liquéfie le bitume et rend le pompage possible. Par rapport à l'extraction minière, on ne dérange qu'une toute petite surface au sol, et les nuisances générales (bruit par exemple) sont bien moindres. Cependant la consommation d'énergie pour produire la vapeur est énorme.  3, fiche 3, Français, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CSS

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Mr. Crabtree described well fracturing as a "stimulation treatment" by which a given formation is fractured to increase the flow rate. Coiled tubing is used to pump a mixture of fluids and sand into the formation to effect the fracture.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - fracturing

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M. Crabtree a décrit l'opération de développement de puits par fracturation comme un «traitement de stimulation» qui a pour objet de créer des fissures dans une formation donnée afin d'accroître le débit. Le serpentin sert à pomper un mélange de fluides et de sable dans la formation pour élargir les fissures.  2, fiche 4, Français, - d%C3%A9veloppement%20par%20fracturation

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Oilfields, after a certain production period, are then called mature fields. Mature fields are those where the recovered oil fraction is close to the final recovery factor. Its mature phase is generally accompanied by an increasing production of water or gas, plus the aging of surface and subsurface equipment. To revitalize mature fields, a series of technologies is developed to increase the final recovery factor through treatments on a field(the so-called tertiary petroleum recovery) or well(stimulation, recompletion, treatments and logging) scale, in addition to optimizing the techniques relating to oil lift, its surface flow and treatment.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - mature%20field%20revitalization

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Many mature gas fields also have a fairly significant production decline, especially when development drilling has come to an end. These mature fields can be revitalized in many ways. In some instances, efforts are focused on the reservoir with further drilling to drain potentially unswept hydrocarbons with infill wells or horizontal laterals. The horizontal drilling might be from new wellbores or wells that are currently temporarily abandoned or near their economic limit. With the increase in horizontal-well activity, there is an abundance of new technology with advances in gravel-pack design, underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing, and coiled-tubing fracturing. Besides these production improvements, operators are revamping both downhole and surface facilities to help breathe new life into older fields. Advances are taking place in the areas of artificial lift, intelligent-well completions, expandable tubulars, and others.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - mature%20field%20revitalization

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Les gisements du Néocomien s'épuisent en moyenne de 6 % par an, il nous fallait arrêter ce déclin par une revitalisation des champs pétrolifères que nous exploitons actuellement.  2, fiche 5, Français, - revitalisation%20des%20champs%20p%C3%A9trolif%C3%A8res%20parvenus%20%C3%A0%20maturit%C3%A9

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Any of several processes to enlarge old channels or create new ones in the producing formation of a well (e.g., acidizing, formation fracturing, or nitro shooting).  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - stimulation

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Stimulation may involve acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, shooting or simply cleaning out to get rid of and control sand.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - stimulation

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See also "well stimulation. "  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - stimulation

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Technique consistant à lutter contre le colmatage des pores de la roche d'un puits en production par une injection d'acide, en vue de rétablir l'écoulement normal.  2, fiche 6, Français, - stimulation

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La «stimulation» peut se définir comme la création artificielle aux abords du puits d'une zone dans laquelle l'écoulement des fluides est facilité soit par accroissement de la perméabilité de la formation, soit par la réduction de la viscosité de ces fluides.  3, fiche 6, Français, - stimulation

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Pozos perforados en los que ya se han efectuado las operaciones de terminación, tales como instalación de tubería de producción; disparos a la tubería de revestimiento para horadarla y permitir la comunicación entre el interior del pozo y la roca almacenadora; y limpieza y estimulación de la propia roca para propiciar el flujo de hidrocarburos.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - estimulaci%C3%B3n