TERMIUM Plus^®

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The informal economy. What do we know about it? Have high taxes really contributed to the growth of the informal economy? Are women more likely than men to work in the informal sector(e. g. child care, cleaning jobs, barter, sex trade workers, domestic workers). How are women's financial security and economic autonomy affected if they work in the informal economy? Should there be policies to discourage the growth of the informal sector?  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - informal%20economy

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Do not confuse with "underground economy".  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - informal%20economy

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Ensemble des activités économiques, monétaires ou non, légales ou illégales, qui échappent aux circuits officiels et qui ne sont pas comptabilisés dans les statistiques officielles.  5, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9conomie%20parall%C3%A8le

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L'économie parallèle. Que savons-nous à ce sujet? Les impôts élevés ont-ils réellement contribué à la croissance de l'économie parallèle? Les femmes sont-elles plus susceptibles que les hommes de travailler dans le secteur informel (p. ex. la garde d'enfants, le nettoyage, le troc, les travailleuses du sexe, les travailleuses domestiques)? Quelles sont les conséquences du travail dans l'économie parallèle pour les femmes sur le plan de la sécurité financière et de l'autonomie économique? Devrait-il y avoir des politiques pour décourager la croissance de ce secteur?  6, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9conomie%20parall%C3%A8le

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On doit l'expression économie informelle aux sociologues anglais J. Gershuny et R. Pahl qui y associaient le travail au noir, l'économie domestique, l'autoproduction et l'économie communautaire. Dans l'article du Devoir (10 janvier 1983, page 11) on dénombrait plus de quarante synonymes pour qualifier ce type d'économie : non officielle, invisible, occulte, souterraine, clandestine, parallèle, alternative, etc.  7, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9conomie%20parall%C3%A8le

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[Economía] que engloba una amplia variedad de actividades económicas marginales, de muy baja productividad, que fundamentalmente se desarrollan en los grandes centros urbanos.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - econom%C3%ADa%20informal

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A feminist critique of growth-oriented development with its exclusion of much of women's unpaid work from national income statistics, and its failure to recognize the... negative effect of gender-based hierarchies at all levels on women's access to... resources...  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - gender%2Dbased%20hierarchy

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La Real Academia de la Lengua Española desaconseja el uso de la palabra "género", del inglés "gender", para todas las nociones relativas a diferencias o desigualdades de índole social, económica, política, laboral, etc. En español, debe emplearse el término "sexo" y sus derivados "sexista", "sexual".  3, fiche 2, Espagnol, - jerarqu%C3%ADa%20hombre%2Dmujer

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The International Council of Women(ICW) is the first women's organization to work in the international scene at the beginning of the 20th century. Ever since its establishment, the organization has been at the forefront of bringing worldwide attention to the issue of women's rights and leading the battle against gender-based social injustice. In that sense, the ultimate goal is the creation of a happier, safer and more egalitarian world for all.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - International%20Council%20of%20Women

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In 1993, [Margaret] Rossiter coined the phrase "the Matilda effect" about women who did not receive credit for their scientific inventions. The origin of the term was Matilda Gage, a suffragist, abolitionist, and Native American rights activist whose work was denied credit when she left the mainstream, conservative women's movement to form a radical suffrage organization.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - Matilda%20effect

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L'effet Matilda est le déni ou la minimisation récurrente et systémique de la contribution des femmes scientifiques à la recherche, dont le travail est souvent attribué à leurs collègues masculins.  2, fiche 4, Français, - effet%20Matilda

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[The Fédération Internationale de Football Association] will work diligently to ensure that more women have increased access to football in regions all over the world while supporting its member associations in achieving their own women's football objectives.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - member%20association

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[La Fédération Internationale de Football Association] mettra tout en œuvre pour garantir que davantage de femmes aient accès au football dans les différentes régions du monde, tout en aidant ses associations membres à atteindre leurs propres objectifs en matière de football féminin.  2, fiche 5, Français, - association%20membre

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The National Aboriginal Women's Summit(NAWS) is a forum that was established by Canada's Premiers in 2006 as a means for provincial and territorial government representatives to work collaboratively with National Aboriginal Organizations on issues affecting Aboriginal women across Canada.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - National%20Aboriginal%20Women%27s%20Summit

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Le Sommet national des femmes autochtones (SNFA) est un forum créé par les premiers ministres du Canada en 2006 pour favoriser la collaboration entre les représentants des gouvernements provinciaux et territoriaux et les organisations autochtones nationales sur les enjeux touchant les femmes autochtones du Canada.  1, fiche 6, Français, - Sommet%20national%20des%20femmes%20autochtones

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SWAN is one of only two organizations in Canada providing culturally-specialized supports and advocacy to im/migrant women engaged in indoor sex work. The diverse voices and ongoing resilience of these communities of women fuel SWAN’s mission to change the social and political narratives that racialize, misdefine, exclude and otherwise harm them.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - Supporting%20Women%27s%20Alternatives%20Network

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In December 2002, the outreach workers formed the Sex Workers Action Network(SWAN). In 2008, SWAN incorporated as a non-profit society [and] changed [its] name to Supporting Women's Alternatives Network to ensure the inclusion of im/migrant women who do sex work but do not self-identify as sex workers.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - Supporting%20Women%27s%20Alternatives%20Network

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Recognizing the need of increasing women's representation in political institutions, the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians(CWP) was founded by women delegates at the 1989 plenary CPA [Commonwealth Parliamentary Association] conference so women at future conferences could discuss ways to increase female representation in Parliament and work towards the mainstreaming of gender considerations in all CPA activities and programmes. In 2004, the group was formally recognized in the CPA Constitution...  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - Commonwealth%20Women%20Parliamentarians

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[Le réseau Femmes parlementaires du Commonwealth, qui est] une instance de l'Association parlementaire du Commonwealth, vise à assurer une meilleure représentation des femmes au sein des gouvernements provinciaux et territoriaux du Canada ainsi que du Commonwealth.  2, fiche 8, Français, - Femmes%20parlementaires%20du%20Commonwealth

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ECU [Equality Challenge Unit] 's Athena SWAN Charter evolved from work between the Athena Project and the Scientific Women's Academic Network(SWAN), to advance the representation of women in science, technology, engineering, medicine and mathematics(STEMM).  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Athena%20SWAN

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In May 2015 the charter was expanded to recognise work undertaken in arts, humanities, social sciences, business and law (AHSSBL), and in professional and support roles, and for trans staff and students. The charter now recognises work undertaken to address gender equality more broadly, and not just barriers to progression that affect women.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Athena%20SWAN

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A medium-sized provincial organization founded in 1990.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - Status%20of%20Women%20Council%20of%20the%20Northwest%20Territories

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The mandate of the Status of Women Council of the Northwest Territories is to work for the political, social and economic equality of all women in the NWT, through advice to the territorial government, research, public education, advocacy on behalf of women, and assistance to women's groups.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - Status%20of%20Women%20Council%20of%20the%20Northwest%20Territories

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Organisme provincial de moyenne envergure fondé en 1990.  3, fiche 10, Français, - Status%20of%20Women%20Council%20of%20the%20Northwest%20Territories

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The Council was established under the NWT Status of Women Council Act in April 1990. Its mandate is to work towards the equality of women through : Advice to the Government of the NWT; Research; Public education; Advocating on behalf of women; Assistance to women's groups and other groups working on issues of concern to women.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Status%20of%20Women%20Council%20of%20the%20N%2EW%2ET%2E

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In 1991, in order to publicize Japan's regime of enforced prostitution during the Second World War, activists started to collect data about the women victims of sexual slavery. After 50 years of silence, women survivors, in their 70s and 80s, came forward to demand justice and redress. One of the main outcomes of this lengthy and sustained documentation work was the Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japanese Military Sexual Slavery. The Tokyo Tribunal, as it came to be called, was held in December 2000 in Tokyo. The Tribunal was attended by 70 victims and more than 1100 participants. The final judgment was passed in December 2001, at a Women'sInternational Tribunal held in The Hague, Netherlands.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - Women%27s%20International%20War%20Crimes%20Tribunal%20on%20Japanese%20Military%20Sexual%20Slavery

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En 1991, des militantes désireuses de dénoncer le régime de prostitution forcée institué par l’armée nippone pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont commencé à recueillir des données sur les femmes victimes d’esclavage sexuel. Après un demi sièclede silence, des survivantes désormais septuagénaires ou octogénaires sont sorties de l’ombre pour réclamer justice et réparation. Ce travail de longue haleine a notamment débouché sur l’organisation du Tribunal international des femmes sur les crimes de guerre et l’esclavage sexuel perpétré par l’armée japonaise. Le Tribunal de Tokyo, comme on l’appelle, a réuni 70 victimes et plus de 1100 participantes en décembre 2000. Le jugement final a été rendu en décembre 2001 à l’occasion d’un tribunal international de femmes organisé à La Haye, aux Pays-Bas.  1, fiche 12, Français, - Tribunal%20international%20des%20femmes%20sur%20les%20crimes%20de%20guerre%20et%20l%27esclavage%20sexuel%20perp%C3%A9tr%C3%A9%20par%20l%27arm%C3%A9e%20japonaise

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In its strategic plan for 2004-2008, the National Human Rights Commission [of Nepal] identifies the right to food, health, shelter, education, and work as the focus of one of its seven strategic objectives. Other commissions have been created specifically to address the issue of discrimination in Nepal, including the National Women's Commission, the National Dalit Commission, and the National Committee for the Development of Nationalities...  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - National%20Women%27s%20Commission

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D’autres commissions ont été créées spécifiquement pour aborder la question de la discrimination au Népal, dont la Commission nationale des femmes, la Commission nationale des Dalits et le Comité national pour le développement des nationalités du Népal [...]  1, fiche 13, Français, - Commission%20nationale%20des%20femmes

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UNIFEM promotes women's empowerment and gender equality. It works to ensure the participation of women in all levels of development planning and practice, and act as a catalyst within the UN system, supporting efforts that link the needs and concerns of women to all critical issues on the national, regional and global agendas. UNIFEM focuses its work at the country level within the context of the United Nations Resident Coordinator System. Playing a strong advocacy role, the Fund concentrates on fostering a multilateral policy dialogue on women's empowerment.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - United%20Nations%20Development%20Fund%20for%20Women

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... changes in women's work patterns, whereby food production and cash earned take precedence over women's household tasks such as cooking, fuel and water collection.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - water%20collection

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Work in interdisciplinary ways with child protection agencies, maternal and child health programs, human rights groups, and local and national women leaders and women's peacebuilding networks to improve the situation of girlsand to integrate gender-appropriate approaches to child protection in all humanitarian work.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - maternal%20health%20program

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Privilégier un travail interdisciplinaire avec les services de protection de l'enfance, les programmes de santé maternelle et infantile, les groupes de défense des droits humains, ainsi que les femmes influentes à l'échelle locale et nationaleet les réseaux de consolidation de la paix animés par les femmes, afin d'améliorer la situation des filles et d'intégrer une approche sexospécifique de la protection de l'enfance dans toutes les dimensions du travail humanitaire [...]  1, fiche 16, Français, - programme%20de%20sant%C3%A9%20maternelle

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The Forward Looking Strategies document that was adopted in Nairobi called for improvements in the areas of sexual equality, women's autonomy and power, recognition of women's unpaid work and advances in women's paid work.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - The%20Forward%20Looking%20Strategies

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Le document Stratégies et prospectives d'action adopté à Nairobi préconisait des améliorations dans les domainesde l'égalité des sexes, l'autonomie et le pouvoir des femmes, la reconnaissance du travail non rémunéré effectué par les femmes et l'amélioration de la situation des femmes salariées.  1, fiche 17, Français, - Strat%C3%A9gies%20et%20prospectives%20d%27action

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Work in interdisciplinary ways with child protection agencies, maternal and child health programs, human rights groups, and local and national women leaders and women's peacebuilding networks to improve the situation of girls and to integrate ender-appropriate approaches to child protection in all humanitarian work(food assistance, security, shelter, health).  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - child%20health%20program

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Privilégier un travail interdisciplinaire avec les services de protection de l'enfance, les programmes de santé maternelle et infantile, les groupes de défense des droits humains, ainsi que les femmes influentes à l'échelle locale et nationale et les réseaux de consolidation de la paix animés par les femmes, afin d'améliorer la situation des filles et d'intégrer une approche sexospécifique de la protection de l'enfance dans toutes les dimensions du travail humanitaire (aide alimentaire, sécurité, hébergement, santé).  1, fiche 18, Français, - programme%20de%20sant%C3%A9%20infantile

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... changes in women's work patterns, whereby food production and cash earned take precedence over women's household tasks such as cooking, fuel and water collection.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - fuel%20collection

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Access to and control over resources and benefits. Productive, reproductive and community work all require the use of resources. Engaging in work and using resources usually generates benefits for individuals, households and communities. The GAD approach requires sensitivity to women's access to the resources needed for their work, their control over those resources to use as they wish, their access to the benefits derived from family and personal work, and to the control they have over the benefits.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - control%20over%20resources

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Horticulture is a program offered in some of the women's institutions. The program's objective is two-fold : to foster personal development through self-knowledge and working with others; to foster the acquisition of knowledge and development of autonomy. Horticultural knowledge and the ability to organise work increases job readiness skills. Correctional Service Canada.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - Horticulture%20Program

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L'horticulture est proposée dans certains établissements pour délinquantes. L'objectif du programme est double : favoriser l'épanouissement personnel par la connaissance de soi et le travail avec d'autres; favoriser l'acquisition de connaissances et de l'autonomie. Les connaissances horticoles et la capacité d'organiser le travail préparent mieux les délinquantes à occuper un emploi. Service correctionnel Canada.  1, fiche 21, Français, - Programme%20d%27horticulture

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That Committee urged Canada to adopt the necessary measures to ensure women's economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to equal pay for work of equal value.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - right%20to%20equal%20pay%20for%20work%20of%20equal%20value

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On n'interdira plus aux employés de déposer un grief si celui-ci touche à une question de discrimination, sauf si le grief a trait au droit à la parité salariale pour l'exécution de fonctions équivalentes.  2, fiche 22, Français, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20parit%C3%A9%20salariale%20pour%20l%27ex%C3%A9cution%20de%20fonctions%20%C3%A9quivalentes

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Status of Women Canada, by Kathleen A. Lahey(November 2005). This study analyzes how Canadian fiscal policy reinforces the many social, economic and legal barriers women face when they try to gain equal access to full-time work with equal pay, and examines structural proposals that would remove or reduce these barriers to women's labour force participation.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - Women%20and%20Employment%3A%20Removing%20Fiscal%20Barriers%20to%20Women%27s%20Labour%20Force%20Participation

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Condition féminine Canada, par Kathleen A. Lahey, (Novembre 2005). Cette étude analyse comment les politiques budgétaires canadiennes renforcent en fait les nombreux obstacles sociaux, économiques et juridiques qui diminuent les chances des femmes d'accéder à des emplois à temps plein aussi bien rémunérés que ceux des hommes; elle examine en outre les changements structuraux qui seront nécessaires pour abolir ou amenuiser les embûches à l'activité des femmes dans le marché du travail.  1, fiche 23, Français, - Les%20femmes%20et%20l%27emploi%20%3A%20Abolir%20les%20entraves%20fiscales%20%C3%A0%20leur%20participation%20au%20march%C3%A9%20du%20travail

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The objectives of this organization, which is established in Vancouver, British Columbia, are to work with women who do not normally have access to research facilities; focus is action research-research which is not distanced, but rooted in women's descriptions of their experience and intended to promote action; much of work is focused on issue areas of women and the economy, violence against women, legislative and institutional change, methods of research, evaluation and education.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - Women%27s%20Research%20Centre

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Organisme établi à Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique).  1, fiche 24, Français, - Women%27s%20Research%20Centre

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Second CSC [Correctional Service of Canada] Women's Conference. Among other topics :"Achieving a balanced home, work environment", "Taking charge of your own career", "Working together : Exploring gender differences", and "Understanding the CSC work environment".  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - Taking%20Charge%3A%20Inside%20and%20Out

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Thème de la deuxième conférence nationale pour les femmes (du 2 au 4 novembre 1998 à Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts). Entre autres sujets traités : «Réaliser l'équilibre entre sa vie personnelle et sa vie professionnelle», «Prendre sa carrière en main», «Travailler ensemble : examiner les différences entre les sexes», «Comprendre le milieu de travail du SCC» [Service correctionnel du Canada].  1, fiche 25, Français, - S%27assumer%20sur%20tous%20les%20plans

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The key to an effective program of research that would apply a gender analysis to important economic issues over a longer period of time will be to take a fresh look at issues that have long been a concern for women, such as unpaid work, poverty, and inequality in the paid work force, and women's economic autonomy, while at the same time encouraging a thoughtful analysis of emerging trends such as globalization, population aging, and reductions in the role of government.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - emerging%20trend

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La clé d'un programme de recherche efficace, qui appliquerait une analyse comparative entre les sexes à d'importantes questions économiques à plus long terme, consistera à jeter un regard neuf sur les enjeux qui préoccupent depuis longtemps les femmes, notamment le travail non rémunéré, la pauvreté, l'inégalité parmi la population active rémunérée et l'autonomie économique des femmes, tout en favorisant une analyse réfléchie des nouvelles tendances comme la mondialisation, le vieillissement de la population et la réduction du rôle du gouvernement.  1, fiche 26, Français, - nouvelle%20tendance

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The Canadian International Development Agency supports the El Salvador Fund for Democratic Development and Human Rights which promoted the participation of women's groups in the work of the Human Rights Commission.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - El%20Salvador%20Fund%20for%20Democratic%20Development%20and%20Human%20Rights

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L'Agence canadienne de développement international appuie le Fonds salvadorien pour le développement démocratique et les droits de la personne qui a facilité la participation de groupes de femmes aux travaux de la Commission des droits de l'homme.  1, fiche 27, Français, - Fonds%20salvadorien%20pour%20le%20d%C3%A9veloppement%20d%C3%A9mocratique%20et%20les%20droits%20de%20la%20personne

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Tools for Change examines patterns of women's work and training, along with barriers preventing women's greater participation in the economy. It combines articles, cartoons, graphs, and newspaper clippings to produce an informative and lively learning package.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - Tools%20for%20Change

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Information found in DOBIS.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - Tools%20for%20Change

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"Actually, we asked men to indicate whether they felt relatively deprived with regards to women's situation in the work force. Runciman(1968) named this feeling : Relative deprivation on behalf of others(RBO).  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - relative%20deprivation%20on%20behalf%20of%20others

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Privation relative et programmes d'action positive (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science; 1987; Vol. 19; no. 2; pp 167-176).  1, fiche 29, Français, - privation%20relative%20en%20faveur%20des%20autres

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