TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A substance which introduces an alkyl radical into a compound in place of a hydrogen atom.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - alkylating%20agent

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Alkylating agents contain alkyl radicals that attach themselves to the molecules of protein, nucleic acids, and amino acids in cells. Among the alkylating agents are the nitrogen mustards, ... the ethylenimines ... and the alkyl sulfonates ...  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - alkylating%20agent

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Cancer chemotherapy is an increasingly important aspect of drug treatment. Alkylating agents(that work by impairing cell division) and antimetabolites... are used cytotoxically to attack malignant cells.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - alkylating%20agent

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Substance synthétique, utilisée dans la chimiothérapie du cancer et présentant 2 ou 3 chaînes de la série alcoyle, qui dénature les nucléoprotéines et provoque une altération du noyau cellulaire et des chromosomes.  5, fiche 1, Français, - alcoylant

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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DLMCs are typically a component of the Elemental Commanders TDL [tactical data link] Operational Authority and executes elemental TDL oversight on their behalf. The Data Link Management Cell will draft higher level policy and directives applicable to the conduct of TDL within their space and provide instructions to their respective Interface Control Cells and elemental platforms. Additionally the DLMC will work with the Elemental Technical Authority to influence the advancement of environmental TDL capabilities.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - Data%20Link%20Management%20Cell

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Les Cellules de gestion des liaisons de données sont généralement une composante de l’autorité opérationnelle des LDT [liaison de données tactiques] des commandants des éléments et effectuent la surveillance des LDT des éléments en leur nom. La Cellule de gestion des liaisons de données rédigera des politiques et des directives de niveau supérieur applicables à la conduite des LDT dans son espace et fournira des instructions à ses cellules de contrôle de l’interface et à ses plateformes élémentaires respectives. De plus, la Cellule de gestion des liaisons de données travaillera avec l’autorité technique des éléments pour influencer l'avancement des capacités des LDT environnementales.  1, fiche 2, Français, - Cellule%20de%20gestion%20des%20liaisons%20de%20donn%C3%A9es

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Abstract.... Pressurised light Water Reactor(PWR) are the most common nuclear reactors used today. It is necessary for each neutronic code to be validated for this type of reactor. The goal of this work is to create a complete calculation scheme which can be applied to the evolution of the core of a pressurised light water nuclear reactor using the lattice code DRAGON and the reactor code DONJON. Each step of this scheme will be validated by comparisons with other codes or with experimental results. The unit cell calculation will be computed for a benchmark … The assembly calculations will be used to compare the results given by DRAGON, APOLLO2 and MCNP [codes] for an assembly used by EDF [Électricité de France] for code testing. The core calculations will show that the codes DRAGON and DONJON can produce accurate macroscopic results for a real core.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - assembly%20calculation

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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La seule chose qui différencie encore les codes nodaux, c’est le lien entre le calcul de cœur et les calculs d’assemblages, c’est-à-dire la modélisation des contre-réactions. Ces contre-réactions permettent au calcul de déterminer les grandeurs d’assemblages dont il a besoin (sections efficaces, distribution de puissance, etc.) pour représenter au mieux les grandeurs correspondantes pour chaque maille de la géométrie du cœur.  2, fiche 3, Français, - calcul%20d%26rsquo%3Bassemblages

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Biological technologists and technicians provide technical support and services to scientists, engineers and other professionals working in fields such as agriculture, resource management, environmental protection, plant and animal biology, microbiology, cell and molecular biology and health sciences, or may work independently in these fields. They are employed in both laboratory and field settings by governments, manufacturers of food products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, biotechnology companies, health, research and educational institutions, environmental consulting companies, and resource and utilities companies.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - Biological%20technologists%20and%20technicians

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2221: classification system code in the National Occupational Classification.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - Biological%20technologists%20and%20technicians

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Les technologues et les techniciens en biologie assurent un soutien et des services techniques aux scientifiques, aux ingénieurs et à d'autres professionnels qui travaillent dans les domaines tels que l'agriculture, la gestion des ressources, la protection de l'environnement, la biologie animale et végétale, la microbiologie, la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire et des sciences de la santé, ou ils peuvent travailler indépendamment dans ces domaines. Ils travaillent dans des laboratoires et sur le terrain, pour le gouvernement, pour des fabricants de produits alimentaires, chimiques et pharmaceutiques, des sociétés de biotechnologie, des établissements de soins de santé et de recherche, des établissements d'enseignement, des firmes d'experts-conseils dans le domaine de l'environnement ainsi que pour des sociétés exploitantes de ressources et des services d'utilité publique.  1, fiche 4, Français, - Technologues%20et%20techniciens%2Ftechniciennes%20en%20biologie

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2221 : code du système de classification de la Classification nationale des professions.  2, fiche 4, Français, - Technologues%20et%20techniciens%2Ftechniciennes%20en%20biologie

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... ribosomes, found in every cell, work as digitally controlled machine tools. They read genetic information(six bits per codon) and use it to direct the assembly of sequences of amino acids. The resulting polymers... fold to make nanometre scale objects with precise arrangements of atoms.... Together with nucleic acids(made by other programmable machines) these molecular objects form the working parts of a wide range of molecular machines, including ribosomes themselves.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - molecular%20object

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[...] l'Homme est d'ores et déjà capable de réaliser des objets moléculaires dont l'une des dimensions est nanométrique.  1, fiche 5, Français, - objet%20mol%C3%A9culaire

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Actualmente, [el catedrático del Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada] se ocupa del crecimiento autoorganizado de nanoimanes, objetos moleculares y dispositivos cuánticos en superficies, de la exploración de los efectos de tamaño cuántico en nanoestructuras.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - objeto%20molecular

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One block to large-animal engineering is that the most revolutionary technique in mouse transgenics-called embryonic stem cell technology-does not work in many other mammalian species. This means that while it is possible to produce the mouse of your dreams, selection in other animals is limited.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - embryonic%20stem%20cell%20technology

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These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using embryonic stem cell technology to produce murine models of inherited human disorders. Characterization of mice bearing these disease-causing mutations is expected to provide novel insights into physiologic processes and provide new understanding of human pathologies.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - embryonic%20stem%20cell%20technology

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Nos travaux visent à caractériser les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant le déroulement des stades précoces du développement lymphocytaire. Pour cela nous cherchons tout particulièrement à définir les éléments cis-régulateurs des recombinaisons VDJ et leurs modes d'action (i.e. comment ces éléments gouvernent l'accessibilité de la chromatine à la recombinase VDJ). Nous poursuivons ces objectifs à l'aide d'approches basées sur l'utilisation de substrats de recombinaison transgéniques et la manipulation génétique de cellules souches embryonnaires (cellules ES) murines.  2, fiche 6, Français, - technologie%20des%20cellules%20souches%20embryonnaires

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Leonard Adleman, a mathematician at the University of Southern California, combined microscopic bits of DNA to calculate a well-known computer problem. A DNA computer processes each step comparatively slowly, but it can work on billions of sites at once in a cell or a test tube. The standard computer problem that Adleman tackled in his lab is one that seeks a route connecting seven cities, some of which have no direct connections between them, in such a way that a hypothetical traveller arrives at each city only once without backtracking. He solved this puzzle by treating the chemical units of DNA as computing symbols, then assigning a series of symbols to each "city. "He then used DNAs natural affinity to join its strands together to create possible city-to-city sequences. In a test tube, very short bits of DNA zipped on to other bits, until all possible routes to the seven cities were assembled very rapidly. This sorting of codes serves as a type of computation even though the DNA was doing nothing unusual.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - DNA%20computer

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Vers l'ordinateur à ADN [...] Face à un bogue, les puces déclencheront forcément la bonne réaction de la même façon que notre système immunitaire s'adapte à une nouvelle maladie. Du coup, certains informaticiens se prennent carrément à rêver au «DNA computing», un ordinateur constitué en partie de «briques» d'ADN.  1, fiche 7, Français, - ordinateur%20%C3%A0%20ADN

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Nanocomputadora (nano-ordenador) que usa ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico) para almacenar información y realizar cálculos complejos.  2, fiche 7, Espagnol, - computadora%20de%20ADN

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Ultrafiltration apparatus used in the removal of bacteria, pyrogen, virus; concentration of protein, virus; enzymes, and prefiltration of sample for electrophoresis. The cell holder consists of a bottom plate which contains the membrane with the membrane support and a reservoir; a top plate which contains a filling port, a pressure inlet. Magnetic stirring is built into the cell holder to minimize concentration polarization on the membrane surface and to avoid foaming when the volume is low.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - stirred%20cell

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A stirred cell... is capable of pressurization, and the contents are stirred with a magnetic stirrer to prevent concentration polarization at the membrane. These units are available with capacities ranging from a few millilitres up to some 21. Although not suitable for large-scale work the units are useful for preliminary trials as well as concentration of column eluates.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - stirred%20cell

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Unité d'ultrafiltration, sous vide ou sous pression, constituée d'un contenant de forme cylindrique à la base duquel sont placés la membrane et son support. Cette unité est également munie d'un agitateur magnétique dont la fonction sert à retarder le colmatage de la membrane.  2, fiche 8, Français, - cellule%20%C3%A0%20agitation

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Another study that could help astronauts is the work of [a specialist from] Pennsylvania State University. [This specialist] is using a cell culture model to find the cause of and countermeasures for "Moon face, "a shift of fluids to the upper body, creating a rounder, fuller face.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - swelling%20of%20the%20face

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Space travelers experience many other changes in their bodies. One of the first and most noticeable is shrinking of the legs and swelling of the face, as fluids--freed from gravity’s pull--redistribute more evenly throughout the body tissues.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - swelling%20of%20the%20face

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Astronauts must perform mission-critical tasks at a high level of functional capability. The ability to unobtrusively detect levels of psychological distress will be necessary on long missions. ... As the system is being calibrated, the investigators are taking into account facial differences, such as the facial swelling, or puffy face, that is common in the weightless environment, gender, age, and ethnicity.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - swelling%20of%20the%20face

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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L'apesanteur est un des facteurs essentiels de l'environnement spatial. Les vols spatiaux entraînent ainsi des modifications physiologiques et le système cardiovasculaire est un des plus concernés. Le passage en microgravité, du fait de la suppression du gradient de pression hydrostatique (disparition de la composante gravitationnelle de la pression hydrostatique), aboutit à une redistribution de la masse sanguine et des liquides extra-cellulaires à prédominance thoraco-céphalique. La redistribution liquidienne se traduit par des signes cliniques objectifs (œème de la face et des paupières, turgescence des veines superficielles du cou et de l'extrémité céphalique, injection vasculaire sclérale et gingivale, aspect caractéristique des membres inférieurs en «jambes de poulet») et subjectifs (céphalées, impression de rhume permanent, diminution des sensations gustatives) qui s'observent surtout les premiers jours de vol.  1, fiche 9, Français, - %26oelig%3Bd%C3%A8me%20de%20la%20face

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En passant de la gravité terrestre à l’apesanteur, le corps des astronautes est soumis à de nouveaux paramètres physiques qui provoquent quelques désagréments (yeux boursouflés, œdème du visage, membres inférieurs amincis). L’organisme tend à compenser ces effets en modifiant certains paramètres, comme le débit cardiaque et le volume de sang circulant.  2, fiche 9, Français, - %26oelig%3Bd%C3%A8me%20de%20la%20face

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[A device that] generates power by converting solar light into electricity.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - solar%20cell

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Meanwhile, solar cell is very popular as an energy source in space, and you can easily take a look at the huge solar cell panel on the ISS [International Space Station]. But the generation ability of the solar cell decreases in inversely proportional with the rate of 1. 5 power to the distance from the Sun.(The intensity of Sun ray decreases in inversely proportional with 2. 0 power to the distance from the Sun, while the generation efficiency of the solar cell increases with lowering temperature.) Therefore, if we send spacecraft to the planet farther than the Asteroid Belt(numerous small planets existing at the orbit between Mars and Jupiter) and conduct many observational work, solar cell is no longer effective. There, the Sun ray is too weak and a simulation indicates we need huge solar cell panels.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - solar%20cell

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solar cell: term officially approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG).  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - solar%20cell

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Solar cell power supply.  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - solar%20cell

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Dispositif qui convertit directement la lumière solaire en électricité.  5, fiche 10, Français, - photopile

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photopile : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  6, fiche 10, Français, - photopile

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Alimentation par piles solaires.  7, fiche 10, Français, - photopile

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Modern combustion equipment has a primary control, known as a cadmium sulphide cell, mounted in the burner blast tube. The light from the flame activates it. These devices are energized whenever the burner is operating. This is known as "constant ignition". Many older types of stack relays work intermittently, providing ignition only on start-up.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - stack%20relay

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Équivalent proposé par Jean-Paul Champagne de la division de terminologie militaire.  1, fiche 11, Français, - relais%20%C3%A0%20contact%20empil%C3%A9

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Vought plans to expand the FMC [flexible machining cell] into a flexible machining system consisting of multiple cells operating under the control of a hierarchical computer system. Additional facilities will allow automated five axis machining of larger components, robotic loading and unloading of parts, automated blank preparation and automated storage and retrieval of material, tools and work in progress.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - flexible%20machining%20system

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Vought prévoit d'élargir la CUS [cellule d'usinage souple] en un système d'usinage souple consistant en plusieurs cellules commandées par un système hiérarchisé d'ordinateurs. Les nouvelles installations permettant l'usinage automatique sur cinq axes de grosses pièces, le chargement et le déchargement robotisés des pièces, la préparation automatique des ébauches et le stockage et la recherche automatique des matériaux, des outils et de pièces semi-finies.  1, fiche 12, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27usinage%20souple

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A storage or waste product in plant cells.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - ergastic%20substance

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Certain products of cell metabolism are appropriately referred to as ergastic substances, that is, substances resulting from the "work" of the cell. These substances are categorized as either storage products or waste products. Among the storage products are starch....  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - ergastic%20substance

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Substance cellulaire qui n'a pas de fonction physiologique proprement dite; il peut s'agir de substance de storage, de déchets, etc.  1, fiche 13, Français, - substance%20ergastique

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A sensor with such a design as to give it the capability to be operated at different ground resolutions from the same altitude (e.g. satellite orbit).  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - multiresolution%20sensor

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Based on these requirements, we have implemented algorithms to extract road networks within a hierarchical cell based mathematical structure called Generalized Balanced Ternary. In this paper, we define GBT and describe how it can be used to integrate imagery from multiple, multi-resolution sensors, to make use of the panchromatic and multispectral nature of the imagery, to work at different scales, and to process the data efficiently.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - multiresolution%20sensor

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Capteur ayant la capacité de fonctionner à différentes résolutions au sol tout en gardant la même altitude (par exemple : l'orbite d'un satellite).  1, fiche 14, Français, - capteur%20multir%C3%A9solution

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A mechanical friction process allowing the assembly of timber by rotating wood dowels into wood substrates without any use of adhesives.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - rotation%20welding

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Glueless wood welding... is very quick. The process consists in applying rapid, alternating mechanical friction to the two wood surfaces to be welded, under some pressure. The equipment for this type of work already exists as it is used to weld thermoplastics joints as used in the car industry. At the very high temperatures attained by mechanical friction(higher than 180°C) the characteristics of the wood lignin and hemicellulose between the wood cell walls change, and start to flow, hence the initial phase of "melting".  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - rotation%20welding

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

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Méthode d'assemblage par friction de deux pièces de bois réalisé par la rotation à haute vitesse de chevilles de bois sans l'aide d'adhésifs.  3, fiche 15, Français, - soudage%20par%20friction%20circulaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le soudage du bois] s'appuie sur la fusion de certains polymères constituants du bois, la lignine et les hémicelluloses, lorsque la température à l'interface des deux pièces atteint 180 °C. Cela conduit à un enchevêtrement de fibres fortement comprimées localement.  1, fiche 15, Français, - soudage%20par%20friction%20circulaire

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The bonding of two flat pieces of timber through mechanical friction without adhesives.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - linear%20friction%20welding

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Glueless wood welding... is very quick. The process consists in applying rapid, alternating mechanical friction to the two wood surfaces to be welded, under some pressure. The equipment for this type of work already exists as it is used to weld thermoplastics joints as used in the car industry. At the very high temperatures attained by mechanical friction(higher than 180ºC) the characteristics of the wood lignin and hemicellulose between the wood cell walls change, and start to flow, hence the initial phase "melting".  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - linear%20friction%20welding

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

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Assemblage par friction des surfaces planes de deux pièces de bois sans l'aide d'adhésifs.  2, fiche 16, Français, - soudage%20par%20friction%20lin%C3%A9aire

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le soudage du bois] s'appuie sur la fusion de certains polymères constituants du bois, la lignine et les hémicelluloses, lorsque la température à l'interface des deux pièces atteint 180 ºC. Cela conduit à un enchevêtrement de fibres fortement comprimées localement.  1, fiche 16, Français, - soudage%20par%20friction%20lin%C3%A9aire

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Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[A] mechanical friction process allowing the assembly of timber without any use of adhesives.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - wood%20welding

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glueless wood welding... is very quick. The process consists in applying rapid, alternating mechanical friction to the two wood surfaces to be welded, under some pressure. The equipment for this type of work already exists as it is used to weld thermoplastics joints as used in the car industry. At the very high temperatures attained by mechanical friction(higher than 180ºC) the characteristics of the wood lignin and hemicellulose between the wood cell walls change, and start to flow, hence the initial phase of "melting".  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - wood%20welding

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

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Procédé qui fait appel à la friction pour réaliser l'assemblage de deux pièces de bois sans recourir aux adhésifs.  1, fiche 17, Français, - soudage%20du%20bois

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le soudage du bois] s'appuie sur la fusion de certains polymères constituants du bois, la lignine et les hémicelluloses, lorsque la température à l'interface des deux pièces atteint 180 ºC. Cela conduit à un enchevêtrement de fibres fortement comprimées localement.  2, fiche 17, Français, - soudage%20du%20bois

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Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the [chemotherapeutic] drugs kill cancer cells preferentially, because such cells, by definition, grow and proliferate at an abnormally high rate.  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - cancer%20cell

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Then they subjected her to intensive radiotherapy, hoping that the X-ray bombardment would kill any residual cancer cell.  4, fiche 18, Anglais, - cancer%20cell

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... if the daily periods of cell division in healthy and cancerous cells are not identical, chemotherapy could be tailored to work when only the cancerous cells are dividing.  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - cancer%20cell

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Les cellules cancéreuses, nées de tissus sains, s'en différencient cependant très vite.  2, fiche 18, Français, - cellule%20canc%C3%A9reuse

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Células del organismo que se multiplican desordenadamente formando un tumor maligno.  1, fiche 18, Espagnol, - c%C3%A9lula%20cancerosa

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"célula cancerosa" se utiliza en plural en general.  2, fiche 18, Espagnol, - c%C3%A9lula%20cancerosa

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Hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell systems work well in space travel applications because of their high efficiency, high power-to-weight and volume ratios, and usable reaction product(water). They can function for many months as long as fuel is supplied and therefore the energy density cannot be measured.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - hydrogen%2Doxygen%20fuel%20cell%20system

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[A program in which the US] federal government, automakers and energy companies will work together to overcome the technological and financial barriers to the successful development of commercially viable, emissions-free fuel cell vehicles that require no foreign oil.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

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CAR in FreedomCAR means Cooperative Automotive Research.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

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Programme [...] par le biais duquel l'administration américaine s'engage à injecter 1,2 milliard $ pour soutenir le développement de nouvelles technologies et des infrastructures nécessaires à la distribution de l'hydrogène.  2, fiche 20, Français, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

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Living cells capture, store, and transport energy in a chemical form, largely as adenosine triphosphate(ATP). ATP functions as the major carrier of chemical energy in the cells of all living species.... ATP is the major connecting link between two large networks or enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the cell. One of these networks... utilizes the energy of ATP... to carry out the osmotic work of membrane transport.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - membrane%20transport

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Transport à travers les membranes - La membrane plasmique des cellules agit à la façon d'une interface sélectivement perméable entre la cellule et son environnement et entre son cytosol et ses organites intracellulaires. Deux questions importantes se posent alors : comment les molécules traversent-elles la membrane pour entrer dans la cellule ou dans un organite et comment s'effectue la sélectivité? Trois mécanismes majeurs sont responsables de ces besoins : diffusion, transport actif et endocytose.  1, fiche 21, Français, - transport%20%C3%A0%20travers%20les%20membranes

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The second stage of the work includes development, construction, and investigation of the following main components of the laboratory system :-model of a solar cell pad combined with the diode-laser panel...  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - solar%20cell%20pad

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As well, we are continuing to explore a new approach to subunit vaccine design introduced by our laboratory a number of years ago(see Carayanniotis and Barber(1987) Nature 327, 59). By conjugation of purified protein or synthetic peptide antigens to monoclonal antibodies specific for defined cell surface determinants in vivo(e. g. class II MHC), it is possible to induce an effective antibody response to the "targeted" antigen(for recent data see Skea and Barber(1993) J. Immunol. 151, 3557). We are currently using recombinant DNA approaches to "engineer" specific B-and T-cell epitopes into selected sites on immunotargeting antibodies. In addition to our work using influenza virus as a model, we are also studying conserved B-and T-cell epitopes from HIV in order to develop a candidate AIDS vaccine.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - immunotargeting

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Activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induces transcription of genes that encode for proinflammatory regulators of the immune response. Previous work has suggested that activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1(AP-1) is one LPS-induced event that mediates this response. Consistent with this notion, we found that LPS stimulated AP-1-mediated transcription of a transfected reporter gene in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264. 7. As AP-1 activity is regulated in part by activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), which phosphorylates and subsequently increases the transcriptional activity of c-Jun, we examined whether LPS treatment of macrophages resulted in activation of this kinase.  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - jun%20N%2Dterminal%20kinase

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PNAS Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-sti. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Volume 93, Number 07; Pages: 2774-2778 Immunology.  4, fiche 24, Anglais, - jun%20N%2Dterminal%20kinase

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JNK  2, fiche 24, Français, - prot%C3%A9ine%20JNK

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Most cell sites have all the available voice channels operating on antennas which allow for coverage in a 360 degree pattern. When capacity or interference requirements determine that a 360 degree pattern will no longer work, the voice channels are subdivided into smaller groups and each group is assigned to antennas that cover only a portion of the 360 degree pattern. However, the sum of the groups usually provides for 360 degree cellular coverage. This allows for higher capacity and better control of interference.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - cell%20sectorization

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[...] mesure d'expansion des systèmes [...]  1, fiche 25, Français, - sectorisation%20des%20cellules

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Les mesures d'expansion des systèmes [cellulaires] telles que l'addition de cellules, la division des cellules et la sectorisation des cellules [...]  1, fiche 25, Français, - sectorisation%20des%20cellules

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Performance Evaluation of Variable-Surface Area Bioreactors for Cellulose Utilization.... The use of high cell densities in continuous reactors can result in severe operational limitations. The objective of this work is to determine the effectiveness of changing the geometry of packed-bed immobilized enzyme/cell reactors. The results of the comparisons of tubular reactors with both tapered-bed and radial-flow reactors will be presented for both the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose and the fermentation of glucose.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - variable%2Dsurface%20area%20bioreactor

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Évaluation du rendement de bioréacteurs à surface variable servant à la transformation de la cellulose. La forte densité cellulaire dans les réacteurs en continu peut considérablement en limiter les possibilités d'exploitation. On veut déterminer s'il est efficace de modifier la géométrie des réacteurs à lit dense de cellules et d'enzymes immobilisées. On compare les réacteurs tubulaires avec les modèles à lit conique ou à écoulement radial pour l'hydrolyse enzymatique de la cellobiose et pour la fermentation du glucose.  1, fiche 26, Français, - bior%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20surface%20variable

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Two recent discoveries, catalytic enzymes and cell adhesion molecules, may transform medicine and biotechnology. Catalytic antibodies, also known as alzymes, are artificial antibodies which work like natural enzymes to make biochemical reactions possible. In principle, on alzyme can be designed to catalyse(speed up) any biochemical reaction whose mechanism is known using genetic engineering and monoclonal antibody technology.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - catalytic%20enzyme

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Voir enzyme et catalytique.  1, fiche 27, Français, - enzyme%20catalytique

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... the Auburn system... was established at the prison built in Auburn, N. Y. Under this system,... prisoners were permitted to work together in groups, but always in silence. Each had his own tiny cell in which he remained when not working.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - Auburn%20system

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Après avoir constaté le grand nombre de cas de folie, les réformateurs de New York adoptèrent, vers 1823, un régime intermédiaire, appelé depuis lors régime auburnien, qui est celui de l'isolement en cellule la nuit et de travail en commun, mais en silence, durant la journée.  1, fiche 28, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20auburnien

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Once the RNA is inside the cell it is released from the protein and the viral genes set to work generating large numbers of new virus particles.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - viral%20gene

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Une fois que le virus a pénétré à l'intérieur de la cellule, l'ARN est libéré de la protéine et les gènes viraux s'expriment, engendrant un grand nombre de nouvelles particules virales.  1, fiche 29, Français, - g%C3%A8ne%20viral

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