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Consultez la banque de données terminologiques du gouvernement du Canada.

WRITTEN REASON [47 fiches]

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Fiche 1 2017-12-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
CONT

Simpson’s Obstetrical Forceps ... Developed in 1848 by Dr. James Simpson of Edinburgh, these forceps were a combination of features from earlier models. He retained the finger rests and deep finger depressions in the handle and connected the forceps with a notched joint.

CONT

James Young Simpson (1842) adapted the design of forceps to include a prominent pelvic curve with parallel shanks and an articulating lock. The space created with the divergence of the shanks allows for finger positioning and control of the molded head of the fetus. They have an elongated and flattened cephalic curve, which provides minimal trauma in traction, and are best suited to deliveries witout need of major rotation.

OBS

The credit for the invention of the precursor of the modern forceps to be used on live infants goes to Peter Chamberlen of England (circa 1600). Modifications have led to more than 700 different types and shapes of forceps. In 1745, William Smellie described the accurate application to the occiput, rather than the previously performed pelvic application, regardless of the position of the head. In 1845, Sir James Simpson developed a forceps that was designed to appropriately fit both cephalic curvatures and pelvic curvatures. In 1920, Joseph DeLee further modified that instrument and advocated the prophylactic forceps delivery. In an era in which many women labored and delivered under heavy sedation, forceps deliveries became common. ... When forceps deliveries are performed, Simpson forceps... is the instrument most commonly used for outlet- and low-forceps deliveries.

OBS

Elliot forceps are used for the unmolded head while Simpsons forceps are used for the molded head. Specialized forceps include rotational forceps such as Kielland, Barton, and Piper forceps (for the after-coming head of a breech).

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Simpson's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Simpson's forceps" and "Simpson's obstetrical forceps" are also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
DEF

Forceps utilisé en obstétrique afin de réduire la pression exercée sur la tête fœtale.

OBS

Les forceps anglais (Smellie, Davis, Simpson, Barnes) ont une articulation par emboîtement : la branche gauche présente une sorte d'encoche, des fourche, dans laquelle est reçue la partie articulaire de la branche droite.

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «forceps Simpson» et non plus de «forceps de Simpson».

Espagnol

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Fiche 2 2017-12-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

An obstetrical forceps having a sliding lock and little pelvic curve.

OBS

Kielland’s forceps [were] originally designed to deliver the fetal head at or above the pelvic brim, lying in the transverse axis of the pelvis and rotating it when it had reached the pelvic cavity. The forceps is used today for rotation and extraction of the head which is arrested in the deep transverse or occipito-posterior position. The blades have very little pelvic curve and are virtually an axis traction forceps. A large episiotomy is needed. The shallowness of the curve allows safe rotation in the vagina. Downward traction encourages rotation of the head. The claw lock allows the blades to slide on each other and correct or encourage synclitism of the fetal head as required. The range of movement allowed by the lock makes it possible to apply lethal compression to the fetal head if the instrument is used improperly

CONT

If the fetus’s head needs to be rotated, there is now a tendency to use manual rotation, rotation with a vacuum extractor, or caesarean section in preference to Kielland’s rotational forceps. This change in practice arose in the 1980s after high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality were associated with Kielland’s forceps ... Kielland’s forceps are only used for select cases and by experienced obstetricians.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Kielland's forceps"(Christian Kielland or Kjelland, Norwegian obstetrician) often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Kjelland forceps" and "Kielland forceps"are also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
CONT

Kielland invente un pivot mobile à glissière qui permet de tenir compte de l'asynclitisme de la tête fœtale. [...] forceps de Kielland caractérisé par son articulation mobile.

Espagnol

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Fiche 3 2017-04-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A straight grasping forceps with serrated jaws, used to forcibly grasp or retract tissues or structures.

OBS

[The Allis] intestinal tissue forceps ... have interdigitating short teeth to grasp and hold tissue or bowel. These forceps are slightly traumatic and hold intestine, fascia and skin.

OBS

Proper name: Allis Intestinal Forceps. ... Features: tips - interlocking teeth. Uses: To hold or retract tissue, most frequently, intestinal tissue. These forceps are more traumatic than Babcock forceps.

OBS

Among other Allis forceps are : Allis-Baby tissue forceps; Allis-Adair tissue forceps, Allis-Adair intestinal forceps, Judd-Allis intestinal forceps, Lockwood-Allis intestinal forceps, Allis Thomas tissue forceps, etc.

OBS

Oscar Huntington Allis (1836-1931), American surgeon.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Allis’ forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Allis’ forceps", "Allis’ tissue forceps" and "Allis’ clamp" are not found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
DEF

Pince pour saisir les tissus ou les organes.

CONT

Quelques instruments d'une petite boite de chirurgie abdominale sont : bistouri, une paire de ciseaux courbés de Mayo, une sonde cannelée de Nélaton, 2 écarteurs de Faraboeuf, 2 écarteurs de Hartmann, 4 pinces hémostatiques, 2 pinces Allis (pour prendre les tissus), 1 pince en cœur (Babcock) et une porte aiguille.

OBS

L'habitude d'utiliser des noms propres pour désigner des maladies, des symptômes, des traitements, des techniques, des lois, des théories ou des appareils vise à perpétuer la mémoire de ceux qui ont contribué aux progrès de l'art de guérir. [...] Allis, Oscar, chirurgien américain (1833-1921). [...] inhalateur d'Allis; signe d'Allis.

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Allis» et non plus de «pince d'Allis».

Espagnol

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Fiche 4 2014-10-30

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A spherical cutting hand drill used principally for enlarging openings in the cranium.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Hudson's bone drill", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Hudson cranial drill" is also found. Hudson, Arthur Cyril : British ophthalmologist(1875-1962).

OBS

There are many varieties of bone hand drills, often bearing the name of their inventor: Cushing bone hand drill; McKensie bone hand drill; Moore bone hand drill; Stille bone hand drill; Stille-Sherman bone hand drill; etc.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «perforateur à main Hudson» et non plus de «perforateur à main d'Hudson».

Espagnol

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Fiche 5 2014-07-16

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Communication and Information Management
  • Federal Administration
CONT

Third party intervention. Where a government institution intends to disclose information that the head has reason to believe may contain trade secrets of a third party, confidential material of a third party, may result in loss to the third party, or impact third party contractual or other negotiations, the third party will be advised in a written notice within thirty days of receiving the access request(if they can be reasonably located).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion des communications et de l'information
  • Administration fédérale
CONT

Intervention de tiers. Lorsque le responsable d’une institution fédérale a l’intention de communiquer un document qui, selon lui, est susceptible de contenir des secrets industriels d’un tiers, des renseignements confidentiels fournis par un tiers ou des renseignements dont la divulgation risquerait de causer des pertes à un tiers ou d’entraver des négociations menées par un tiers en vue d’un contrat ou à d’autres fins, un avis écrit sera transmis au tiers dans les trente jours suivant la réception de la demande de communication (si les documents peuvent être raisonnablement trouvés).

Espagnol

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Fiche 6 2012-09-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A light weight forceps with a large grasping surface to distribute force and reduce trauma to tissues. Often useful for grasping the stomach or lung. They will still damage more delicate tissues.

OBS

Duval’s lung forceps are used for fixing the lung and bringing the area of incision to the surface.

OBS

There are other types of lung grasping forceps, often bearing the name of their inventor: Collin-Duval; Lovelace; John Hopkins; Satinsky; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Duval' s forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Duval forceps"is also found.

OBS

Charles Warren Duval. American pathologist and bacteriologist, born September 27, 1876, Annapolis, Maryland.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
CONT

Après quoi, on procède à la décortication viscérale utilisant un dissecteur en mettant sous tension le poumon ou la coque grâce à une pince de Duval insérée par une incision complémentaire. [...] Le péricarde sera mis sous tension par la pince de Duval thoracoscopique et incisé grâce aux ciseaux thoracoscopiques.

CONT

En cas de doute, une sternotomie ou une thoracotomie restent indiquées. Selon leur taille et leur nature, les corps étrangers sont saisis par une pince à préhension ou de Duval.

Espagnol

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Fiche 7 2012-09-06

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Conventions, Treaties and Agreements (Documents)
  • Ecosystems
OBS

The Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental treaty adopted on 2 February 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Thus, though nowadays the name of the Convention is usually written "Convention on Wetlands(Ramsar, Iran, 1971) ", it has come to be known popularly as the "Ramsar Convention"... The official name of the treaty-The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat-reflects its original emphasis on the conservation and wise use of wetlands primarily to provide habitat for waterbirds. Over the years, however, the Convention has broadened its scope to cover all aspects of wetland conservation and wise use, recognizing wetlands as ecosystems that are extremely important for biodiversity conservation in general and for the well-being of human communities. For this reason, the increasingly common use of the short form of the treaty's title, the "Convention on Wetlands", is entirely appropriate. The Convention entered into force in 1975... UNESCO serves as Depositary for the Convention, but its administration has been entrusted to a secretariat known as the "Ramsar Bureau", which is housed in the headquarters of IUCN-The World Conservation Union in Gland, Switzerland, under the authority of the Conference of the Parties and the Standing Committee of the Convention

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
  • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
  • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat
  • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
  • Wetlands Convention
  • Ramsar Wetlands Convention

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de conventions, de traités et d'accords (Documents)
  • Écosystèmes
OBS

La Convention sur les zones humides est un traité intergouvernemental adopté le 2 février 1971 dans la ville iranienne de Ramsar, sur les bords de la mer Caspienne. C'est la raison pour laquelle, même si l'on écrit communément «Convention sur les zones humides (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)», la Convention est plus connue du public sous le nom de «Convention de Ramsar». [...]. Le nom officiel du traité - Convention relative aux zones humides d'importance internationale, particulièrement comme habitats des oiseaux d'eau - reflète l'accent qui avait été mis à l'origine sur la conservation et l'utilisation rationnelle des zones humides essentiellement en vue de fournir un habitat aux oiseaux d'eau. Avec le temps, toutefois, la Convention a élargi son horizon afin de couvrir tous les aspects de la conservation et de l'utilisation rationnelle des zones humides, reconnaissant celles-ci comme des écosystèmes extrêmement importants pour la conservation de la diversité biologique et pour le bien-être des communautés humaines. Voilà pourquoi l'usage de plus en plus répandu du nom abrégé du traité, «Convention sur les zones humides», est tout à fait justifié. La Convention est entrée en vigueur en 1975 [...]. L'UNESCO est le Dépositaire de la Convention, mais l'administration de celle-ci est entièrement assumée par un secrétariat appelé «Bureau Ramsar» qui se trouve dans les locaux du Siège de l'UICN-Union mondiale pour la nature à Gland, Suisse, et travaille sous l'autorité de la Conférence des Parties contractantes et du Comité permanent de la Convention.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Convention relative aux zones humides d'importance internationale
  • Convention de ramsar sur les zones humides

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos de convenciones, tratados y acuerdos (Documentos)
  • Ecosistemas
OBS

La Convención sobre los Humedales es un tratado intergubernamental aprobado el 2 de febrero de 1971 en la ciudad iraní de Ramsar, situada en la costa meridional del Mar Caspio. Por tanto, si bien el nombre de la Convención suele escribirse "Convención sobre los Humedales", ha pasado a conocerse comúnmente como la "Convención de Ramsar".[...] El nombre oficial del tratado - Convención relativa a los Humedales de Importancia Internacional, especialmente como Hábitat de Aves Acuáticas - expresa su énfasis inicial en la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales sobre todo para proporcionar hábitat para aves acuáticas. Sin embargo, con los años, la Convención ha ampliado su alcance a fin de abarcar todos los aspectos de la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales, reconociendo que los humedales son ecosistemas extremadamente importantes para la conservación de la diversidad biológica en general y el bienestar de las comunidades humanas. Por este motivo, el uso cada vez más difundido de la versión abreviada del título del tratado, "Convención sobre los Humedales", es enteramente apropiado. La Convención entró en vigor en 1975 [...] La UNESCO sirve de depositaria de la Convención, pero su administración ha sido confiada a una secretaría conocida como la "Oficina de Ramsar", alojada en la sede de la UICN - Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza, en Gland, Suiza, bajo la autoridad de la Conferencia de las Partes y del Comité Permanente de la Convención.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Convención relativa a los Humedales de Importancia Internacional
  • Convention de Ramsar sobre los Humedales
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Fiche 8 2012-02-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A small thumb forceps with two teeth on one tip and one tooth on the other.

CONT

Adson forceps [are] dressing/dissecting forceps with a concave leading edge from the body of the shank to the forceps tips. Each shank is moulded into a single unit with rounded ends [and] includes grooved gripping surfaces. The jaws of the forceps have horizontal serrations.

OBS

Adson forceps 1x2 (means there are 2 teeth on one side and 1 tooth on the other for grasping).

OBS

There are many types of Adson forceps: artery, dissecting, dressing, dural, ear, hemostatic, hypophyseal, lung, grasping, suture, tissue, thumb, etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as in "Adson's forceps", often disappears over the years. Sometimes the possessive form and the inventor's name agglutinate. For that reason, the written forms "Adson forceps" and "Adsons forceps" are also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Il existe différents types de pinces d'Adson : pince à dissection ou pince à disséquer d'Adson, pince à hypophyse d'Adson, pince hémostatique d'Adson, etc.

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur (ici, le neuro-chirurgien américain Alfred W. Adson) ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Adson» et non plus de «pince d'Adson» ou de «pince de Adson».

PHR

Pince d'Adson à griffes, à dents de souris.

PHR

Pince d'Adson sans griffes, avec griffes, sans dents, avec dents, ultra fine.

Espagnol

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Fiche 9 2011-04-26

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Business and Administrative Documents
  • Personnel Management (General)
  • Public Service
DEF

A written notice given to a person employed in the public service by the appropriate deputy head, stating that the person's services are no longer required by reason of lack of work, the discontinuance of a function or the transfer of work or a function to an employer outside the public service.

CONT

Once they have been given a surplus notice, eligible employees will have 60 days to decide whether to accept the option.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • surplus status notice

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Écrits commerciaux et administratifs
  • Gestion du personnel (Généralités)
  • Fonction publique
DEF

Avis écrit de l'administrateur général de qui relève un employé de la fonction publique lui indiquant que ses services ne sont plus nécessaires faute de travail ou par suite de la suppression d'une fonction ou à cause de la cession du travail ou de la fonction à un employeur à l'extérieur de la fonction publique.

CONT

Les employés admissibles auraient 60 jours après réception de leur avis d'employé excédentaire pour décider s'ils prennent une retraite anticipée.

Espagnol

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Fiche 10 2010-03-01

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
CONT

For orotracheal intubation, topical anesthesia was applied to the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosa by a curved Jackson forceps and a cotton soaked with a standard local anesthetic solution, and to the tracheal mucosa by transtracheal instillation ...

CONT

A suction capsule biopsy instrument or a rigid biopsy forceps, such as a Jackson forceps, can be used to obtain esophageal biopsy samples.

OBS

Other surgical instruments, all related to the trachea, bear the name of Jackson: Jackson trachea hemostat, Jackson trachea tenaculum; Jackson tracheal retractor; Jackson trachea tube; Jackson tracheal bistoury; Jackson tracheal retractor; etc.

OBS

Jackson forceps can be: serrated; angled up or straight; with round cup jaws, grasping jaws, alligator grasping jaws or double articulating grasping jaws; miniature size; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Jackson's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Jackson forceps" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Jackson (1835-1911), neurologue de Londres.

Espagnol

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Fiche 11 2009-05-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
CONT

A Deaver retractor (manual) is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions. Available in various widths.

OBS

Proper name: Deaver Retractor. ... Features: Hand held; Circular, curved blades; Handle curved oppositely to blade direction. Uses: Deep cavity tissue retraction.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Deaver's retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Deaver retractor" is also found.

PHR

Flat handle lighted Deaver retractor; Deaver retractor with hollow grip handle; Deaver retractor with fiber optic light guide; Deaver retractor grip handle; pediatric Deaver retractor; narrow Deaver retractor; large Deaver retractor.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Instrumental quirúrgico
OBS

Retractor de un solo brazo.

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Fiche 12 2008-08-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A lightweight, ratchet-handled hemostat with the blades curved sharply downwards near their tip.

CONT

[Mixter forceps] are used primarily in general and vascular surgery. [They] are helpful in placing sutures behind or around a vessel or duct. They are used secondarily for the dissection of tissue. All Mixter forceps, artery or hemostatic forceps, thoracic or grasping forceps, gall stone forceps and gall duct forceps) are right angle [forceps].

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as in "Mixter's forceps"(Samuel Jason Mixter, American neurological surgeon) often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Mixter's forceps", and "Mixter's clamp" are no longer found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

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Fiche 13 2008-08-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Medical Instruments and Devices
DEF

A catheter for the urethra having a woven filiform guide.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Phillips’ catheter", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Phillips’ catheter" is also found. If the name of the inventor was Phillips(information we were not able to confirm), than the form "Phillip's’ catheter" should not be used.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments et appareillages médicaux

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Instrumental médico
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Fiche 14 2008-08-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A water-filled rubber bag for the dilating of the pregnant cervix.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Barnes’ dilator", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Barnes dilator" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 14

Fiche 15 2008-08-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Trousseau's tracheal dilator", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Trousseau tracheal dilator" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «dilatateur trachéal Trousseau» et non plus de «dilatateur trachéal de Trousseau».

Espagnol

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Fiche 16 2008-08-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A slender flexible metal rod used to calibrate or dilate the cervical canal, or to hold the uterus in various positions during gynecologic surgery.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Simpson's uterine sound"(Sir James Young Simpson), often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Simpson uterine sound" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 16

Fiche 17 2008-08-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

Two inward-facing, curved, clawed hands mounted on a ratcheted bar designed for bringing ribs closer together during thoracic surgery.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Bailey's rib contractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Bailey rib contractor" and "Bailey rib approximator" are also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
CONT

Le rapprocheur de côtes de Bailey permet de fermer l'espace intercostal et de maintenir les côtes ainsi rapprochées pendant la suture.

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «rapprocheur de côtes Bailey» et non plus de «rapprocheur de côtes de Bailey».

Espagnol

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Fiche 18 2008-08-07

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Laborde's tracheal dilator", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Laborde tracheal dilator" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «dilatateur trachéal Laborde» et non plus de «dilatateur trachéal de Laborde». Contrairement à l'anglais, on ne retrouve pas en français deux graphies pour Laborde (Laborde et LaBorde).

Espagnol

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Fiche 19 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

Proper name: Kelly Retractor. ... Features : hand held; larger blades than Richardson; blade 90 degree angles. Uses : Retraction of tissue in deep cavities.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Kelly's retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Kelly retractor" is also found. Adam Brown-Kelly(1865-1941) was a British ear, nose and throat surgeon.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors d'«écarteur Kelly» et de «valve Kelly» et non plus d'«écarteur de Kelly» et de «valve de Kelly».

Espagnol

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Fiche 20 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

There are many varieties of vaginal retractors, often bearing the name of their inventor : Breisky vaginal retractor; Breisky-Navratil vaginal retractor; Doyen vaginal retractor; Eastman vaginal retractor; Jackson vaginal retractor; Guardian vaginal retractor; Heaney Simon vaginal rectractor; Jackson vaginal retractor; Joll thyroid and vaginal retractor; Magrina-Bookwalter vaginal retractor; Rigby vaginal retractor; Simon vaginal retractor; Simpson vaginal retractor; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Sims’ vaginal forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Sims vaginal forceps" is also found. We should not find the form "Sim's vaginal speculum" as the name of the inventor is James Marion Sims(1813-1883), an American gynaecologist.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 20

Fiche 21 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
CONT

With the client in the dorsal lithotomy position, insert a Jackson vaginal retractor to help make the cervix visible. ... Holding a cervical tenaculum horizontally, grasp the anterior lip of the cervix. ... Remove the tenaculum and remove carefully the Jackson vaginal retractor, leaving the uterine elevator in place.

OBS

There are many varieties of vaginal retractors, often bearing the name of their inventor : Breisky vaginal retractor; Breisky-Navratil vaginal retractor; Doyen vaginal retractor; Eastman vaginal retractor; Guardian vaginal retractor; Heaney vaginal retractor; Heaney-Simon vaginal retractor; Joll thyroid and vaginal retractor; Magrina-Bookwalter vaginal retractor; Rigby vaginal retractor; Simon vaginal retractor; Sims vaginal retractor; Simpson vaginal retractor; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Jackson's vaginal retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Jackson's vaginal retractor" is also found. There are many surgical instruments and diseases bearing the name of Jackson.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 21

Fiche 22 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

Proper name: Jansen Mastoid Retractor. ... Features : self-retaining; blades: 3 pronged tips. Uses: Primarily used in neurosurgery to expose burr hole. Often used in ear cases, i.e. post-auricular incisions.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Jansen's mastoid retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Jansen mastoid retractor" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 22

Fiche 23 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

Proper name: Gelpi Retractor. ... Features : self-retaining; sharp tenaculum style blades. Uses : Used to retract tissues, such as muscle along the vertebral column in spinal surgery; also used in obstetrical and gynecological surgery.

OBS

A Gelpi Retractor is a self-retaining, small retractor suitable for small sites such as for perineal surgery in dogs or laryngotomy in horses. Two blades, hinged in the middle, separate as the handles are closed and are held open by a rachet. The blades turn down at right angles at their tips, and are bowed towards each other so that they push the edges of the incision apart and retain themselves in it. The Gelpi is often used in orthopedic and neurologic surgery among human patients.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Gelpi's retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Gelpi retractor" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
CONT

[...] mise en place d'un écarteur de Gelpi pour exposer le vagin. Il s'agit d'un écarteur autostatique de type compas. L'implantation des pics de l'écarteur sera positionnée sur la ligne hyménéale.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 23

Fiche 24 2008-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A handheld instrument with a curled, three-pronged claw at one end and a right-angled, single blade at the other.

CONT

Senn retractors are double ended retractors used in surgical procedures. One end is typically L shaped and the other has three bent prongs.

OBS

Proper name: Senn retractor. ... Features: hand held; two end - sharp three prong rake - slender 90 degrees blade. Uses: Retraction of skin and shallow tissue.

OBS

[Senn retractors are] suitable for short-term displacement of soft tissue.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Senn's retractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Senn retractor" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
CONT

Insérer un écarteur de Senn (avec griffes) ou un crochet sous le rebord inférieur du cartilage thyroïdien et tirer à 45 degrés en direction de la tête du (de la) patient(e).

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 24

Fiche 25 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

Forceps with loop blades which are also semicircular in sagittal cross-section. Designed to hold a short length of intestine without compressing it

OBS

These forceps [Babcock intestinal tissue forceps] are more delicate than Allis but less directly traumatic. They have broad, flared ends with smooth tips. These forceps are used to atraumatically hold viscera (bladder and bowel).

OBS

Proper Name: Babcock intestinal forceps. ... Features: tip - small half circle (from side); "V" shape (from front to back); horizontal serrations. Uses: Grasping and holding tissue such as stomach. Used frequently in abdominal procedures; this is the instrument of choice for grasping the appendix and fellopian tubes. Sometimes used to clamp over a vessel to isolate it.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Babcock's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Babcock forceps", "Babcock tissue forceps", "Babcock intestinal forceps"and "Babcock clamp"are also found. William Wayne Babcock(1872-1963), American surgeon.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Pinces pour l'hémostase pouvant également être utilisées comme pince à tissus, pince de traction et de préhension.

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Babcock» et non plus de «pince de Babcock».

OBS

Babcock, William Wayne, chirurgien américain de Philadelphie (1872-1963)

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 25

Fiche 26 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A curved hemostat without teeth, introduced for gynecological surgery.

OBS

Proper Name: Kelly Hemostatic Forceps. ... Features: horizontal serrations; straight or curved. Uses: Occlusion of vessels and some blunt dissection.

OBS

These remarkable devices [Kelly Forceps], each of which features a two-position locking device in the handle, provide a surgeon with a virtual third hand with their unique ability to firmly grip tissue without trauma or damage. ... Any Kelly Forceps ... can clamp safely onto tissues with ease and speed and proceed with tending to your patient. ... Slightly heavier than Mosquito forceps, Kelly hemostats feature box lock joints and serrated jaws that can safely and precisely clamp a blood vessel with a number of pressures.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as in "Kelly's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Kelly forceps", "Kelly clamp" and "Kelly hemostatic forceps"are also found. Named after the American doctor Howard Kelly.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Kelly» et non plus de «pince de Kelly».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 26

Fiche 27 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

Two inward-facing, curved, clawed hands mounted on a ratcheted bar designed for bringing ribs closer together during thoracic surgery.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Baliley's rib contractor", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Bailey rib contractor" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «rapprocheur de côtes Bailey» et non plus de «rapprocheur de côtes de Bailey».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 27

Fiche 28 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A surgical instrument with rubber-coated jaws that provide gentle, noncrushing compression of vascular structures during an anastomosis.

OBS

Proper name: Crile Hemostatic Forceps. ... Features: Horizontal serrations; straight or curved. Uses: Occlusion of vessels and some blunt dissection. Often confused with or referred to as Kelly forceps.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as in "Crile's forceps"or "Crile's clamp", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Crile forceps" and "Crile clamp"are also found.

OBS

George Crile. American surgeon, born November 11, 1864, near Chili, Ohio; died January 7, 1943.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

La pince hémostatique Crile peut être droite ou courbe, avec ou sans griffes.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 28

Fiche 29 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

There are many types of Adson forceps: Adson artery forceps; Adson dissecting forceps; Adson dressing forceps; Adson dural forceps; Adson ear forceps; Adson hypophyseal forceps; Adson lung grasping forceps; Adson micro forceps; Adson suture forceps; Adson tissue forceps; Adson thumb forceps; Adson thumb and tissue forceps; Adson thumb and tissue micro forceps; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Adson's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, in that specific case, the written forms "Adson's hemostatic forceps", "Adson's haemostatic forceps", "Adson's hemostat forceps", "Adson's hemostat" and "Adson's artery forceps" are not found.

OBS

Alfred Washington Adson (1887-1951), American neurosurgeon.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince hémostatique Adson» et non plus de «pince hémostatique d'Adson».

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de "pince hémostatique Adson" et non plus de "pince hémostatique d'Adson".

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 29

Fiche 30 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

Standard thumb-operated, wishbone type forceps for grasping tissue, with a rat-tooth tip with a single point on one side fitting in between two teeth on the other.

OBS

Proper name: Adson Tissue Forceps. ... Features: tips - 1x2 sharp interlocking teeth; jaws - fine, diamond serrations. Grasping delicate tissue and skin.

OBS

There are many types of Adson forceps: Adson artery forceps; Adson dissecting forceps; Adson dressing forceps; Adson dural forceps; Adson ear forceps; Adson hemostatic or haemostatic forceps; Adson hypophyseal forceps; Adson lung grasping forceps; Adson micro forceps; Adson suture forceps; etc.

OBS

Adson forceps can be: toothed or non-toothed ; smooth or serrated; straight or curved; with fenestrated handle; with tungsten carbide inserts or with serrated tungsten carbide suture platform; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Adson's tissue forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Adson tissue forceps" is also found. Alfred Washington Adson. American neurosurgeon, 1887-1951.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince à dissection Adson» et non plus de «pince à dissection d'Adson». Alfred W. Adson (1887-1951), neuro-chirurgien américain.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 30

Fiche 31 2008-07-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

The Rochester forceps is an hemostatic forceps, that can be straight or curved. Other forceps also bear the name Rochester: Harrington-Rochester forceps; Kocher-Rochester forceps; Rochester-Pean forceps; Rochester-Carmalt forceps; Rochester-Ochsner forceps; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Rochester's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Rochester forceps" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 31

Fiche 32 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

Ophtalmic instrument.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Prince's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Prince forceps" is also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince à muscles Prince» et non plus de «pince à muscles de Prince».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 32

Fiche 33 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A strongly built, curved hemostat with rat-tooth tips to the blades.

OBS

Proper Name: Ochsner Artery Forceps. Common Name: Ochsner, Kocher. Features: tips ~ 1 x 2 teeth; horizontal serrations; straight or curved. Uses: Primarily for grasping and holding heavy tissue (i.e., broad ligaments). Longer length is suitable for deep cavities.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Ochsner's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Ochsner forceps" and "Ochsner artery forceps"are not found. Two American surgeons bear the name of Ochsner : Edward William Alton Ochsner(1896-1961) and Albert John Ochsner(1858-1925).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Ochsner» et non plus de «pince d'Ochsner».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 33

Fiche 34 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
CONT

There is another popular variety of dressing forceps known as Adson dressing forceps. They have wide, comfortable, serrated handles that taper to a medium serrated tip.

OBS

There are many types of Adson forceps: Adson artery forceps; Adson dissecting forceps; Adson dural forceps; Adson ear forceps; Adson hemostatic or haemostatic forceps; Adson hypophyseal forceps; Adson lung grasping forceps; Adson micro forceps; Adson suture forceps; Adson tissue forceps; Adson thumb forceps; Adson thumb and tissue forceps; Adson thumb and tissue micro forceps; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Adson's dressing forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Adson dressing forceps" is also found. Alfred Washington Adson(1887-1951), American neurosurgeon.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince à pansements Adson» et non plus de «pince à pansements d'Adson». Alfred W. Adson (1887-1951), neuro-chirurgien américain.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 34

Fiche 35 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Ochsner's clamp", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Ochsner clamp" is not found. Two American surgeons bear the name of Ochsner : Edward William Alton Ochsner(1896-1961) and Albert John Ochsner(1858-1925).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Ochsner» et non plus de «pince d'Ochsner».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 35

Fiche 36 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Jefferson's forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written form "Jefferson forceps" is also found.

OBS

Sir Geoffrey Jefferson (1886-1961), English neurologist and neurosurgeon.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 36

Fiche 37 2008-07-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
DEF

A strong ratchet-handled, scissor-type, artery forceps for holding tissues during surgery or for compressing bleeding tissue.

OBS

Proper Name: Kocher artery forceps. Common Name: Kocher, Kocher Clamps, Ochsner. Features: tips - 1x2 teeth; horizontal serrations; straight or curved. Uses: Although called an artery forceps, this forceps is primarily used for grasping and holding heavy tissue such as abdominal muscle fascia.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Kocher's forceps"(Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss surgeon), often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Kocher forceps", "Kocher artery forceps" and "Kocher clamp"are also found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux
OBS

Classiquement droite et à gaies, la pince Kocher ne permet pas les hémostases fines mais permet d'exercer de fortes tractions sur certains tissus.

CONT

La pince Kocher vous permet de clamper les tubulures de perfusions, de dévisser les tubulures résistantes, de fixer divers éléments [...]

OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «pince Kocher» et non plus de «pince de Kocher».

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 37

Fiche 38 2008-07-22

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Surgical Instruments
OBS

There are many varieties of dura hooks, often bearing the name of their inventor : Adson dura hook; Cushing dura hook; Graham dura hook; Sachs dura hook; Tönnis dura hook; etc.

OBS

There are many surgical instruments bearing the name of Alfred Washington Adson, American neurosurgeon (1887-1951) : Adson dressing forceps; Adson hemostatic forceps; Adson hypophyseal forceps; Adson tissue forceps; Adson needle holder; Adson elevator; Adson retractor; etc.

OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Adson's dura hook", often disappears over the years. For that reason, in that specific case, the written form "Adson's dura hook" is not found.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments chirurgicaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 38

Fiche 39 2007-04-18

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Laws and Legal Documents
CONT

Rescinding approval of plan. 18.(1) If the Canadian Human Rights Commission is satisfied that, by reason of any change in circumstances, a plan approved under subsection 17(2) has ceased to be appropriate for meeting the needs of persons arising from a disability, the Commission may, by written notice to the person who proposes to carry out or maintains the adaptation contemplated by the plan or any part thereof, rescind its approval of the plan to the extent required by the change in circumstances.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lois et documents juridiques
CONT

Annulation de l'approbation. 18. (1) La Commission canadienne des droits de la personne peut, par avis écrit à la personne qui entend adapter les services, les installations, les locaux, les activités ou le matériel conformément à un programme approuvé en vertu du paragraphe 17(2), en annuler l'approbation, en tout ou en partie, si elle estime que, vu les circonstances nouvelles, celui-ci ne convient plus aux besoins particuliers des personnes atteintes d'une déficience.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 39

Fiche 40 2007-02-26

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Estates (common law)
  • Law of Trusts (common law)
DEF

A trust whereby provisions can be altered or canceled dependent on the grantor. During the life of the trust, income earned is distributed to the grantor, and only after death does property transfer to the beneficiaries.

CONT

What is a revocable living trust? A trust is a written agreement that names someone to be responsible for managing property for the benefit of others. A revocable living trust(also called a "living trust" or "revocable trust") is one type of trust. It's a "living" trust because you create it while you’re alive. It's "revocable" because, as long as you’re mentally competent, you can change or end the trust at any time, for any reason.

OBS

According to the Canadian Dictionary, revocable trust is the preferred spelling.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Droit successoral (common law)
  • Droit des fiducies (common law)
DEF

Fiducie qui peut être résiliée ou modifiée par la personne qui l'a établie.

CONT

[...] une fiducie est dite révocable ou sans droit de regard si le bien transféré ou le bien substitué à celui-ci peut revenir au cédant ou être transféré à des personnes désignées par ce dernier après la création de la fiducie, ou si aucun de ces biens ne peut être aliéné du vivant du cédant sans son consentement.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 40

Fiche 41 2003-05-26

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Insurance
OBS

Because premiums are paid in advance, this income is earned over the term that the policy is in force; so that at any point in time during the term of the policy a portion of the premium "written" for that policy is "unearned". For this reason it is necessary for a company to set aside as a reserve that portion of all the premium in force that is unearned as an "Unearned Premium Reserve".

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Assurances
OBS

Comme les primes sont payées d'avance, il s'ensuit que ce revenu de primes devient acquis graduellement durant tout le temps que la police est en vigueur. Ainsi, en tout temps durant la durée de cette police, une portion de la prime souscrite est non acquise. C'est la raison pour laquelle une compagnie doit établir une réserve pour la portion des primes en vigueur qui n'est pas encore acquise. Cette réserve s'appelle "réserve pour primes non acquises".

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Seguros
Conserver la fiche 41

Fiche 42 2001-07-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Rights and Freedoms
  • Security
CONT

Disclosure by Government. The proponent shall specify any information which it considers to be proprietary and as such not to be disclosed to third party without the Proponent's written permission, or used by the government for any reason other than the evaluation of its response.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Droits et libertés
  • Sécurité
CONT

Divulgation par le gouvernement. Le proposant doit identifier tout renseignement qu'il juge exclusif et qui ne doit pas, à ce titre, être divulgué à des tiers sans son autorisation écrite, ou utilisé par le gouvernement pour d'autres fins que l'évaluation de sa réponse.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 42

Fiche 43 2001-07-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Rights and Freedoms
  • Security
CONT

Disclosure by Government. The proponent shall specify any information which it considers to be proprietary and as such not to be disclosed to third party without the proponent's written permission, or used by the government for any reason other than the evaluation of its response.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Droits et libertés
  • Sécurité
CONT

Divulgation par le gouvernement. Le proposant doit identifier tout renseignement qu'il juge exclusif et qui ne doit pas, à ce titre, être divulgué à des tiers sans son autorisation écrite, ou utilisé par le gouvernement pour d'autres fins que l'évaluation de sa réponse.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 43

Fiche 44 2000-04-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Agricultural Economics
CONT

The alpine farmer is the most important man on the alp. [He] does not live in Gimmelwald and so does not know who each cow belongs to. For this reason the owner's name is written in blue on each cow.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Économie agricole
DEF

Personne veillant sur un troupeau en alpage.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 44

Fiche 45 1995-04-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

... most workers in artificial intelligence believe that there is no reason in principle why a computer program could not be written to perform satisfactorily at a given problem-solving task.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 45

Fiche 46 1994-03-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Environmental Law
  • Environmental Economics
CONT

It should be emphasized that some countries (e.g., FR, Germany) define emission factors as the net release of atmospheric emissions whereas others (e.g., U.S.) UTI utilize the concept of uncontrolled emission factors. In the latter case, controlled emissions are calculated by separately including the effect of the expected control efficiency.

OBS

Emission inventorying techniques normally use uncontrolled emission factors whereby the existing control efficiencies are separately applied for each individual source. In projecting, however, the major influence on emissions is the degree of expected and enforceable performance standards. These are generally written as maximum emissions allowed per unit of activity or process throughput. For this reason it is easier and more logical to compile a future, "controlled" emission factor to multiply against an industrial category's future activity level.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Droit environnemental
  • Économie environnementale
DEF

Émission rejetée dans l'atmosphère malgré la présence de dispositifs antipollution et malgré les règlements pour lutter contre la pollution alors en vigueur.

OBS

L'emploi de dispositifs antipollution et la mise en place de règlements pour lutter contre la pollution masquent les quantités réelles de polluants qui seraient autrement rejetées dans l'atmosphère. Quand on fait abstraction de ces mesures antipollution dans les inventaires, on parle d'émissions avant épuration (uncontrolled emission); quand on en tient compte, on parle plutôt d'émissions après épuration ou d'émissions contrôlées (controlled emission).

OBS

Le participe «contrôlée» signifie dont on s'assure de l'exactitude, ce qui diffère un peu de la notion étudiée.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 46

Fiche 47 1994-03-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Environmental Law
  • Environmental Economics
CONT

It should be emphasized that some countries (e.g., FR, Germany) define emission factors as the net release of atmospheric emissions whereas others (e.g., U.S.) utilize the concept of uncontrolled emission factors. In the latter case, controlled emissions are calculated by separately including the effect of the expected control efficiency.

OBS

Emission inventorying techniques normally use uncontrolled emission factors whereby the existing control efficiencies are separately applied for each individual source. In projecting, however, the major influence on emissions is the degree of expected and enforceable performance standards. These are generally written as maximum emissions allowed per unit of activity or process throughput. For this reason it is easier and more logical to compile a future, "controlled" emission factor to multiply against an industrial category's future activity level.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Droit environnemental
  • Économie environnementale
DEF

Facteur ou coefficient qui permet d'évaluer la quantité réelle (en faisant abstraction des mesures antipollutions en vigueur) d'un secteur d'activité donné.

Espagnol

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