TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The learning theory of Thorndike represents the original S-R framework of behavioral psychology: Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. Such associations or "habits" become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency of the S-R pairings. The paradigm for S-R theory was trial and error learning in which certain responses come to dominate others due to rewards.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - trial%20and%20error%20learning

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Trial and error learning. Students now are rewarded almost exclusively for getting the right answer on a test. A system more in tune with leadership in today's world would involve students more often in trial and error projects, in which one learns from what goes wrong as well as what goes right.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - trial%20and%20error%20learning

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Apprentissage par tâtonnement.  1, fiche 1, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20essais%20et%20erreurs

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L'expression «trial and error» fut utilisée primitivement par le philosophe écossais Alexander Bain (1818-1903) pour désigner la méthode d'apprentissage fondée sur l'association : les essais infructueux s'éliminent alors que les essais couronnés de succès se combinent entre eux, se renforcent mutuellement, favorisant ainsi l'apparition d'un nouveau comportement. En d'autres termes, nous dirions avec Alain qu'il faut «chercher et barboter pour raisonner vraiment, car la vraie pensée ne naît jamais que d'erreurs surmontées». (Propos sur l'éducation.)  1, fiche 1, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20essais%20et%20erreurs

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Forma de descubrir la mejor manera de alcanzar el resultado deseado o unas soluciones correctas, probando uno o más modos o medios, observando y eliminando los errores o causas de fracaso.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - aprendizaje%20por%20ensayo%20y%20error

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Court of Appeal held that the trial judge had applied the wrong test and directed a new trial.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - wrong%20test

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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L'arbitre a appliqué un critère erroné en appréciant la menace que constituait le requérant.  2, fiche 2, Français, - crit%C3%A8re%20erron%C3%A9

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A device on which are recorded the right(or wrong) responses for a given test.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - answer%20key

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The scoring key is given for you to score and interpret your result.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - answer%20key

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answer key: Term used in the context of military training.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - answer%20key

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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La clé de correction est un document à l'usage des correcteurs et des apprenants et qui contient les indicateurs ayant servi à la correction.  3, fiche 3, Français, - cl%C3%A9%20de%20correction

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Établir un barème de correction, ce qui permet de calculer la note totale en fonction de la pondération, initialement fixée, accordée à chaque question.  4, fiche 3, Français, - cl%C3%A9%20de%20correction

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L'ordinateur peut être employé pour l'entraînement à la résolution de problèmes [...] dont le corrigé est ou non fourni à l'étudiant.  5, fiche 3, Français, - cl%C3%A9%20de%20correction

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clé de correction; corrigé : Termes utilisés dans le contexte de l'instruction militaire.  6, fiche 3, Français, - cl%C3%A9%20de%20correction

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Conjunto de respuestas correctas a los elementos de un test o prueba y que configuran su plantilla de corrección y permiten al examinador calificar los resultados obtenidos por un individuo en dicho test o prueba.  1, fiche 3, Espagnol, - clave%20de%20respuestas

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A dichotomous test item has two categories : right/left, yes/no, right/wrong, while polytomous items can have many categories : never/sometimes/often/always.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - polytomous%20item%20response%20model

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Un item dichotomique offre deux possibilités : vrai ou faux, oui ou non, bon ou mauvais, alors qu'un item polytomique offre davantage de possibilités : jamais, parfois, souvent ou toujours.  3, fiche 4, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20polytomique%20de%20r%C3%A9ponses%20%C3%A0%20item

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The test scoring package provides instructors with the flexibility of item weighting, "either-or, ""formula" scoring(subtracting a fraction of the items wrong as a correction for guessing), and rescaling scores into percentages, z-scores, and T-scores.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - item%20weighting

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A test so designed that the response of the tester is automatically recorded as right or wrong. The response may be made by pressing a recording key; the written response may be transmitted by carbon paper to "right" or "wrong" spaces...  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - self%2Dmarking%20test

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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the legal term for the state of mental derangement which accompanies or induces the commission of a crime and prevents the criminal from knowing the criminal nature of the act committed. The basic test of insanity is the knowledge of right and wrong; thus mental defect is often confused with mental deficiency.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - criminal%20insane

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Ce sont ceux qui, sous l'influence d'une maladie mentale, commettent des infractions. Source: Bouzat et Pinatel, Traité de droit pénal et de criminologie, t. 1, Paris, 1970.  2, fiche 7, Français, - criminel%20ali%C3%A9n%C3%A9

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Tell him what you think is wrong and ask him to check spark plugs, compression, engine oil pressure, and perform a torque converter stall test.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - torque%20converter%20stall%20test

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Indiquez-lui ce qui ne va pas selon vous et demandez-lui de vérifier les bougies, la compression, la pression d'huile et le convertisseur de couple.  2, fiche 8, Français, - essai%20de%20calage%20du%20convertisseur%20de%20couple

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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From a pedagogical standpoint, Brown and Burton note that grading based on the number and type of bugs or misconceptions manifested in a test would be fairer and more amenable to proper remediation than usual grading schemes based on the number of right and wrong answers. Since this proposal for more informative grading is backed by a practical method and puts to good pedagogical use the ability of computers to deal precisely with complex information, I hope that it will have an impact beyond the research laboratory. However, more proofs of feasibility to publicize this type of knowledge-oriented testing may be required before it can be widely adopted, since constructing theories of bugs is a very laborious process.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - knowledge%2Doriented%20testing

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The appellant argues that the flyer cannot be said to contravene subsection 22(1) of the Trade Marks Act, that the wrong threshold test was applied in granting the injunction and that the respondents would not have suffered irreparable harm had the injunction not been issued.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - threshold%20test

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Many management decisions are made as a result of a calculation. All calculations are made from a set of several forecasts or assumptions any of which may turn out to be wrong. It is sensible to estimate how sensitive any decision is to such errors.(...) A sensitivity test involves doing the original calculation several times over, taking each revised assumption in turn to see how seriously it might affect the conclusion.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - sensitivity%20test

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol