TERMIUM Plus^®

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CheMin, short for "Chemistry and Mineralogy, "is a powder X-ray Diffraction(XRD) instrument that also has X-ray Fluorescence(XRF) capabilities.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - Chemistry%20and%20Mineralogy%20X%2DRay%20Diffraction%20Instrument

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CheMin is part of the Analytical Laboratory of the MSL [Mars Science Laboratory] rover, which is located inside the main body of the rover.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - Chemistry%20and%20Mineralogy%20X%2DRay%20Diffraction%20Instrument

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A chemical compound having the formula LiF or FLi which appears under the form of a fine, white powder, is slightly soluble in water, is soluble in acids, is insoluble in alcohol, derives from the reaction of hydrogen fluoride with lithium carbonate, and is used in metallurgy(welding and soldering flux), ceramics, heat-exchange media, radiation dosimetry, synthetic crystals in infrared and ultraviolet instruments, as a rocket fuel component, a component of fuel for molten salt reactors and in x-ray diffraction.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - lithium%20fluoride

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Formule chimique : LiF ou FLi  2, fiche 2, Français, - fluorure%20de%20lithium

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Polvo blanco poco soluble en agua, soluble en ácidos, insoluble en alcohol. Muy tóxico e irritante.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - fluoruro%20de%20litio

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An empirical measure of diagenetic and low-grade metamorphism, usually expressed as the Kubler index, the peak width at half peak height of the 001 illite peak on an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the clay sized-fraction.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - illite%20crystallinity

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illite crystallinity: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - illite%20crystallinity

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La «cristallinité de l'illite» a été développée vers 1960 pour répondre aux besoins de l'exploration des hydrocarbures. Les recherches étaient focalisées sur la détection du métamorphisme de faible intensité («Low Grade Metamorphism»). La technique du «Sharpness Ratio» (Weaver, 1960), peu précise pour détecter les illites bien cristallisées, fut remplacée par la mesure de la largeur du pic à mi-hauteur («Full Width at Half-Maximum»: FWHM) dont la décroissance régulière a permis de définir une zone anchimétamorphique entre la diagenèse profonde et l'épimétamorphisme. Dans les domaines de diagenèse faible à moyenne, la cristallinité de l'illite décroit comme le nombre de feuillets gonflants des interstratifiés illite-smectite.  2, fiche 3, Français, - cristallinit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27illite

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cristallinité de l'illite : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, fiche 3, Français, - cristallinit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27illite

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X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.  1, fiche 4, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

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À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.  2, fiche 4, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

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X-ray powder diffraction analysis(XRPD) was proven to be a very powerful tool for the study of "green stone" Neolithic axes and other artifacts. The amount of material to be sampled can be reduced to a few milligrams, thus making it a quasi-non destructive method.... If the dimension of an object is adequate(up to 60 cm in bulk, depending upon the shape) it can be directly analyzed, by XRPD, without sampling. Even a rough, irregular surface, both on flat and bent objects, is suitable for the analysis. The XRPD analysis is, therefore, totally non-destructive and is obviously very adapt to analyze many different materials, such as pigments, stones, ceramics, metals, patinas, salts efflorescences etc.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction%20analysis

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Scintag X'TRA est un nouveau système d'analyse des poudres par diffraction de rayons X (XRD).  1, fiche 5, Français, - analyse%20des%20poudres%20par%20diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X

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Les techniques analytiques : [...] Diffraction des rayons X sur poudres et sur cristaux.  3, fiche 5, Français, - analyse%20des%20poudres%20par%20diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X

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En français, rayons X ne prend pas de trait d'union.  2, fiche 5, Français, - analyse%20des%20poudres%20par%20diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X

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Powder diffraction is X-ray diffraction on a powdered crystalline substance. Powder X-ray diffraction gives less information than single crystal X-ray diffraction, but is much simpler and faster.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - powder%20diffraction

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Neutron, X-ray powder diffraction.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - powder%20diffraction

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Diffraction des poudres. En diffraction des échantillons polycristallins, on irradie une fine poudre par un faisceau monochromatique, par exemple le rayonnement d'un tube à anode de cuivre. On observe de cette manière, à des angles déterminés, nommés angles de diffraction, les faisceaux diffractés par les plans cristallins. La relation entre l'angle de diffraction et la distance interatomique du réseau cristallin est donnée par la loi de Bragg [...]  1, fiche 6, Français, - diffraction%20des%20poudres

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