TERMIUM Plus^®

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The Montreal Council of Social Agencies(MCSA), a co-ordinating organization for English-speaking, non-Roman Catholic social agencies, was formed in 1921 by John Howard Toynbee Falk, head of McGill' s Department of Social Studies, later the McGill University School of Social Workers. Although details of the organization of the MCSA have been modified over the years, the basic structure remained constant : a Board of Directors, elected from the member agencies, directed the MCSA through administrative standing committees and, more importantly, set up numerous special committees to study specific social problems under the aegis of area advisory groups for health, aging, urban renewal, recreation, etc. The overwhelming emphasis of the MCSA on planning and research reflects its role as animator, information exchange and coordinator of a great variety of social agencies and groups, from major hospitals and fund-raising organizations to church groups and boys’ clubs. In 1968, the MCSA merged with its French homologue, the Conseil de Développement Social du Montréal métropolitain.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Conseil%20de%20d%C3%A9veloppement%20social%20du%20Montr%C3%A9al%20m%C3%A9tropolitain

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Le Conseil des œuvres de Montréal est devenu en septembre 1969 le Conseil de développement social du Montréal métropolitain qui en avril 1968 a absorbé le Montreal Council of Social Agencies.  1, fiche 1, Français, - Conseil%20de%20d%C3%A9veloppement%20social%20du%20Montr%C3%A9al%20m%C3%A9tropolitain

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The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The first laboratory-produced meat patty(cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger. "The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials(vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one's own kitchen within 20 years.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors (the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, fiche 2, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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The university recognizes the importance of professional development for its support staff and therefore authorizes leaves in certain circumstances.... All regular support staff employees can make a request for [a] refresher leave after they have completed four years of full-time service.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - refresher%20leave

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L'université reconnaît l'importance du ressourcement professionnel des membres de son personnel de soutien et ainsi autorise des congés de ressourcement dans certaines circonstances. [...] Tout membre attitré du personnel de soutien peut faire une demande de congé de ressourcement après quatre ans de service continu à temps complet.  1, fiche 3, Français, - cong%C3%A9%20de%20ressourcement

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A feeder calf is defined by the University of Kentucky as a steer or heifer weighing between 800 to 1, 000 pounds and is one to two years of age. Feeders are usually stockers that are sold to feedyards for further weight gain.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - feeder%20calf

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Outre le lait, les veaux d'engraissement ne reçoivent que du fourrage grossier.  2, fiche 4, Français, - veau%20d%27engraissement

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The Cancer Care Quality Training Program(CCQTP) at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill offers pre-doctoral(2-3 years) and post-doctoral(2 years) fellowships to clinician and non-clinician scientists who wish to work in multidisciplinary research teams to improve cancer care quality across the cancer care continuum.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - non%2Dclinician%20scientist

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A degree that is given to a student by a college or university usually after one or two years of additional study following a bachelor's degree.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - master%27s%20degree

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Grade universitaire sanctionnant le second cycle de l'enseignement supérieur.  3, fiche 6, Français, - ma%C3%AEtrise

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The Ottawa Health Research Institute(OHRI) was formed on April 1, 2001 through the merger of The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Loeb Health Research Institute. After eight years, the Ottawa Health Research Institute is changing its name to the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, as the research arm of The Ottawa Hospital and an affiliated institute of the University of Ottawa. It has grown rapidly to become one of the top hospital-based research institutes in Canada. Its goal is to make tomorrow's health care possible today; bringing new hope to their patients, while advancing health research at a global level.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - Ottawa%20Hospital%20Research%20Institute

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L'Institut de recherche en santé d'Ottawa, fut créé le 1er avril 2001, suite à la fusion de l’Institut de recherche de l’Hôpital d'Ottawa et de L'Institut Loeb de recherche en santé. Après huit années d’existence, l'Institut de recherche en santé d'Ottawa (IRSO) deviendra l'Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital d'Ottawa (IRHO). L'Institut est l'établissement de recherche de L'Hôpital d'Ottawa affilié à l'Université d'Ottawa. Il est rapidement devenu l'un des plus grands et des plus importants instituts de recherche en milieu hospitalier au Canada. Son objectif est d'offrir aujourd'hui les soins de santé de demain, de donner de nouveaux espoirs à leurs patients tout en faisant progresser la recherche en santé à l'échelle mondiale.  4, fiche 7, Français, - Institut%20de%20recherche%20de%20l%27H%C3%B4pital%20d%27Ottawa

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The mission of CCSU is to promote and educate Caribbean culture to the entire student body, including those of non-Caribbean descent.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - Concordia%20Caribbean%20Students%27%20Union

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The Concordia Caribbean Students’ Union, formed in 1968, has been Concordia University's central Caribbean group for... 42 years, making it one of the oldest clubs in existence at [the] University.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - Concordia%20Caribbean%20Students%27%20Union

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An academic degree conferred by a college or university upon a person who has completed the first four years of required study in the liberal arts or humanities.  6, fiche 9, Anglais, - Bachelor%20of%20Arts

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In Canada, a Bachelor of Arts degree can be obtained in three years as well as four years.  7, fiche 9, Anglais, - Bachelor%20of%20Arts

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OBS - Formerly, style guides recommended the use of the periods in ... abbreviations ... of academic degrees (B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D.). The more recent trend ... is towards dropping the periods in all such abbreviations unless tradition or consistency requires them.  8, fiche 9, Anglais, - Bachelor%20of%20Arts

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Un diplôme de baccalauréat ès arts (B.A.) [...] favorise la souplesse, l’autonomie et l’acquisition de connaissances dans des disciplines variées.  2, fiche 9, Français, - baccalaur%C3%A9at%20%C3%A8s%20arts

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baccalauréat: Le premier grade universitaire, celui qui donne le titre de bachelier [...]  3, fiche 9, Français, - baccalaur%C3%A9at%20%C3%A8s%20arts

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As the bull buying season continues, it's critical that producers define how they want their future calf crops to look. The North Dakota State University Dickinson Research Extension Center has used a pool of 21 AI Angus bulls in recent years. As new bulls become available, bulls are added to the pool and others are removed.... the first additions to the bull pool averaged more than 3. 25 pounds average daily gain.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - bull%20pool

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bull pool: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - bull%20pool

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centre de taureaux reproducteurs : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, fiche 10, Français, - centre%20de%20taureaux%20reproducteurs

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An endergraduate university degree normally requiring four years of full-time study and usually offered by college-type postsecondary institutions.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - applied%20studies%20degree

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Applied degrees are primarily in technology fields, emphasize technical applications, frequently involve fieldwork or practical training, and may require research work.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - applied%20studies%20degree

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Grade universitaire de 1er cycle qui exige généralement quatre années d’études à temps plein, habituellement offert par des établissements postsecondaires de type collégial.  2, fiche 11, Français, - grade%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20appliqu%C3%A9es

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Les grades d’études appliquées visent principalement les domaines de la technologie, mettent l’accent sur les applications techniques, nécessitent souvent un stage ou une expérience de travail pratique et peuvent comporter des travaux de recherche.  2, fiche 11, Français, - grade%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20appliqu%C3%A9es

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non-university program of one or two years’ duration that prepares students to enter the first or second year of a university undergraduate degree program. A secondary school diploma or equivalent is required for admission.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - university%20transfer%20program

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Programme non universitaire d'une durée d'un an ou deux qui prépare les étudiants à entrer à la première ou à la deuxième année d'un programme universitaire de premier cycle. Un diplôme d'études secondaires ou l'équivalent est exigé pour l'admission.  2, fiche 12, Français, - programme%20de%20passage%20%C3%A0%20l%27universit%C3%A9

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An unspecialized university course, commonly leading to a bachelor's degree in four years beyond junior matriculation or three years beyond senior matriculation.  5, fiche 13, Anglais, - general%20course

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Cours d'université sans spécialisation et d'une durée de trois ans menant ordinairement au baccalauréat.  7, fiche 13, Français, - cours%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral

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Les termes «cours ordinaire» et «programme d'études ordinaire» s'emploient en Ontario.  6, fiche 13, Français, - cours%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral

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Diploma of General University Studies. French compulsory studies diploma created in 1973 and taken by university students after the first 2 years’ study. There are 7 nationally prescribed DEUG courses, each multidisciplinary but having a particular bias. The DEUG can be used as a terminal qualification or an entry qualification for the specialized courses of the second cycle leading either to a licence or bachelor's degree in 1 year or a Master's degree in 2 years.  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - dipl%C3%B4me%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales

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Although the basic texts are in English, The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education and the International Handbook of Universities and other Institutions of Higher Education left "diplôme d’études universitaires générales" in French.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - dipl%C3%B4me%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales

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Quoique «diplôme d'études universitaires générales» ait été trouvé dans des sources d'origine anglaise, ce sont des sources internationales qui se servent de ce terme.  5, fiche 14, Français, - dipl%C3%B4me%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales

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A watercourse that runs through Obatanga Provincial Park, in Ontario.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - Dog%20River

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The Dog [River] was for many years called the University River — a name given by an American professor who paddled it at the turn of the century.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - Dog%20River

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Cours d'eau qui traverse le parc provincial Obatanga, en Ontario.  2, fiche 15, Français, - rivi%C3%A8re%20Dog

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Tier 1 Chairs, tenable for seven years and renewable, are for outstanding researchers acknowledged by their peers as world leaders in their fields. For each Tier 1 Chair, the university receives $200, 000 annually for seven years.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - Tier%201%20Chair

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Les chaires de niveau 1, renouvelables après sept ans, sont détenues par d'exceptionnels chercheurs reconnus par leurs pairs comme des chefs de file mondiaux dans leur domaine. Pour chaque chaire de niveau 1, l'université reçoit 200 000 $ par année pendant sept ans.  1, fiche 16, Français, - chaire%20de%20niveau%201

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Tier 2 Chairs, tenable for five years and renewable once, are for exceptional emerging researchers, acknowledged by their peers as having the potential to lead in their field. For each Tier 2 Chair, the university receives $100, 000 annually for five years.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - Tier%202%20Chair

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Les chaires de niveau 2, d'une durée de cinq ans et renouvelables une fois, sont détenues par d'exceptionnels nouveaux chercheurs reconnus par leurs pairs comme étant susceptibles de devenir des chefs de file dans leur domaine. Pour chaque chaire de niveau 2, l'université reçoit 100 000 $ par année pendant cinq ans.  1, fiche 17, Français, - chaire%20de%20niveau%202

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These are awarded by the Society to recognize superior academic achievement during the first three years of study within each of the Faculties of Agriculture at each Canadian university.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - Undergraduate%20Awards

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Les Prix Universitaires sont décernés aux étudiants universitaires les plus méritants au cours de leurs trois premières années d'étude dans chacun des départements de science animale à travers le Canada.  1, fiche 18, Français, - Prix%20Universitaires

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Gap analysis evaluates the difference between the organization's current position, and its desired future. Gap analysis results in development of specific strategies and allocation of resources to close the gap. For example, a university may aim to graduate 60% of each class’ first time freshmen after 4 years. If the campus is currently at 40% it constitutes a 20% gap between the existing situation and desired one. Understanding the nature of this gap will allow the university to develop specific strategies to achieve the desired 60% completion rate.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - gap%20analysis

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Méthode liée aux systèmes de planification de l'entreprise, qui consiste à organiser l'avenir de l'entreprise en définissant les efforts qu'il faudra pour obtenir un taux de croissance déterminé, notamment en termes de bénéfices.  2, fiche 19, Français, - analyse%20de%20l%27%C3%A9cart

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Une fois que vous comprenez bien les composantes essentielles d'un SGS [Système de gestion de la sécurité], vous pouvez commencer à planifier la mise sur pied du système. La première étape consiste à déterminer quels sont les composantes et éléments qui sont déjà en place et quels sont ceux qui manquent. Une telle démarche s'appelle une «analyse de l'écart» et c'est une excellente méthode pour identifier les domaines à traiter en priorité.  3, fiche 19, Français, - analyse%20de%20l%27%C3%A9cart

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The Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art(CCCA) was founded in 1995 by Bill Kirby, with Peter D. R. Brown and Arthur B. C. Drache, Q. C. The Centre is a federally incorporated, not-for-profit charitable arts organization, administered by a Board of Directors, and based in Toronto, Canada. It has been managed since its inception by Founder and Executive Director, Bill Kirby. The focus of the CCCA's activity is the Canadian Art Database Project. The CCCA is essentially a ’virtual organization’, with no permanent staff and no permanent facilities. As funds have permitted, however, the Director has been assisted in developing The Canadian Art Database, by members of the CCCA Group, experienced artists and arts professionals who have been engaged under contract for varying periods over the past seven years. The CCCA has been further assisted by York University students in developing various sections of the project, and has contracted additional, specialized short-term personnel, as required, to meet specific production needs.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - Centre%20for%20Contemporary%20Canadian%20Art

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Le Centre de l’art contemporain canadien (CACC) est fondé en 1995 par Bill Kirby, avec l’aide de Peter D.R. Brown et Arthur B.C. Drache, c.r. Le Centre est une organisation artistique sans but lucratif constituée sous le régime fédéral, administrée par un Conseil d'administration, dont le siège est à Toronto, Canada. Le Centre est géré depuis sa fondation par son fondateur et directeur exécutif, Bill Kirby. L’activité du CACC se concentre sur le Projet de la Base de données sur l’art canadien. Le CACC est essentiellement une « organisation virtuelle », qui n’a ni personnel permanent ni locaux permanents. Toutefois, le directeur a reçu une aide pour développer la Base de données sur l’art canadien de membres du group CACC, des artistes chevronnés et des spécialistes du domaine des arts, qu’il a engagés sous contrat, en fonction des fonds disponibles, pour des périodes de diverse durée au cours des sept dernières années. Le CACC a également reçu l’aide d’étudiants de l’Université York pour le développement de plusieurs sections du projet, et a engagé sous contrat à court terme du personnel spécialisé, selon les besoins, qui s’est occupé de tâches spécifiques de production.  1, fiche 20, Français, - Centre%20de%20l%27art%20contemporain%20canadien

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... the UAB [University of Alabama at Birmingham] team probed deeper into the welding process and made a fundamental metallurgical discovery-constitutional liquid film migration-a phenomenon that Dr. Thompson says would not have been found without the Gleeble. In the 1980's, researchers working in solid state electronic devices discovered diffusion-induced grain boundary migration, in which diffusion of elements from the top layer of a device would cause the grain boundaries to move in unpredictable directions. Five years later, other investigators found that running a liquid along the grain boundary could also cause it to move. Then, in the course of their NASA-related research, Dr. Thompson and his colleagues discovered that liquid film migration of grain boundaries occurred naturally during welding as the result of precipitates liquating in the heat affected zone. The UAB team further found that the migration distance was an order of magnitude greater than previously observed and that new grains were actually formed during the process. Spurred on by this discovery, the UAB researchers looked at real-world welding processes and found that constitutional liquid film migration could be found there too.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - liquid%20film%20migration%20of%20grain%20boundaries

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Équivalent proposé par le service de chimie physique de l'Université libre de Bruxelles.  1, fiche 21, Français, - diffusion%20de%20joints%20de%20grains%20induite%20par%20une%20pellicule%20liquide

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A Canadian citizen who is chosen by an applicant, resides in Canada, has known the applicant for at least two years and is a dentist, a medical doctor or a chiropractor; a judge, a magistrate or a police officer serving in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or a provincial or municipal police force; in the Province of Quebec, a lawyer or a notary and, in any other province, a barrister or solicitor; a mayor; a minister of religion authorized under the laws of a province to perform marriages; a notary public; an optometrist; a pharmacist; a postmaster; a principal of a primary or secondary school; an accountant who is a member in good standing of an institute or association of accountants incorporated by or under an Act of the legislature of a province; a professional engineer; a senior administrator in a community college, including a CEGEP in the province of Quebec; a senior administrator or a teacher in a university; or a veterinarian.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - guarantor

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Term found in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, 2002.  3, fiche 22, Anglais, - guarantor

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Personne qui assure une obligation de garantie.  2, fiche 22, Français, - garant

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Pour l'application du présent article, garant s'entend du citoyen canadien qui réside au Canada, qui connaît le demandeur depuis au moins deux ans, qui est choisi par celui-ci et qui est, selon le cas : dentiste, médecin ou chiropraticien; juge, magistrat ou agent de police au service de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada ou d'une force municipale ou provinciale; dans la province de Québec, avocat ou notaire, et dans les autres provinces, barrister ou solicitor; maire; ministre du culte habilité en vertu de la législation provinciale à célébrer le mariage; notaire public; optométriste; pharmacien; maître de poste; directeur d'une école primaire ou secondaire; membre en règle d'un institut ou d'une association de comptables constitué en personne morale sous le régime d'une loi provinciale; ingénieur professionnel; cadre supérieur dans un établissement d'enseignement postsecondaire, y compris un CÉGEP dans la province de Québec; cadre supérieur ou professeur dans une université; vétérinaire.  3, fiche 22, Français, - garant

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Terme tiré du Règlement sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiés, 2002.  4, fiche 22, Français, - garant

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French language colleges have a shorter history than their university counterparts. The first colleges in New Brunswick date from the 1960s, but those in Ontario and Nova Scotia were created about 15 years ago. In Prince Edward Island, Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan, professional training services in French were only developed a few years ago.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - professional%20training%20services

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professional training services : term usually used in the plural.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - professional%20training%20services

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Les collèges de langue française ont été créés plus récemment que les universités. Au Nouveau-Brunswick, les premiers collèges datent des années soixante, mais en Ontario et en Nouvelle-Écosse, ils remontent à une quinzaine d'années. À l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, en Alberta, en Colombie-Britannique et en Saskatchewan, des services de formation professionnelle en français ont été développés ces dernières années seulement.  1, fiche 23, Français, - services%20de%20formation%20professionnelle

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services de formation professionnelle : terme habituellement employé au pluriel.  2, fiche 23, Français, - services%20de%20formation%20professionnelle

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University of Ottawa. Fauteux Hall, home to the Faculty of Law, is linked to Thompson Residence by an elevated pedestrian walkway. The building is named after Gérald Fauteux, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, who turned the sod for the new building in 1972 and was on hand for its inauguration two years later.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - Fauteux%20Hall

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Le pavillon Fauteux, qui abrite la Faculté de droit, est relié à la résidence Thompson par une passerelle piétonnière. Il porte le nom du très honorable Gérald Fauteux, ancien juge en chef de la Cour suprême du Canada, qui leva la première pelletée de terre du nouvel édifice en 1972 et assista à son inauguration deux ans plus tard.  1, fiche 24, Français, - Pavillon%20Fauteux

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Liberation Day is celebrated each year on May 5 in the Netherlands to mark the end of the German occupation during the Second World War. The nation was liberated largely by Canadian troops. On May 5, 1945, the Canadian General Charles Foulkes and the German Commander-in-Chief Johannes Blaskowitz reached an oral agreement on the capitulation of Germany in Hotel De Wereld in Wageningen. One day later, the capitulation document was signed in the auditorium of the Agricultural University located next to the hotel. After the liberation in 1945 the decision was made that Liberation Day was going to be celebrated every 5 years. Only in 1990, the day was declared a national holiday, on which the liberation would be commemorated and celebrated annually.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - Dutch%20Liberation%20Day

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5 mai - Hollandais.  1, fiche 25, Français, - Jour%20de%20la%20Lib%C3%A9ration

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List of Awards, Scholarships and Prizes given in the name of the Governor General. Administered by the University of Windsor. Annual for each of five years-1992-97. For 3rd or 4th year university student.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - Ramon%20John%20Hnatyshyn%20Scholarship%20in%20Environmental%20and%20Canadian%20Studies

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Liste de prix, bourses et récompenses décernés au nom du Gouverneur général, administré par l'Université de Windsor, bourse annuelle de cinq ans (1992-1997). Décernée à un étudiant de 3e ou de 4e année d'université.  1, fiche 26, Français, - Ramon%20John%20Hnatyshyn%20Scholarship%20in%20Environmental%20and%20Canadian%20Studies

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Centre for Research in Neuroscience is located in the Research Institute of the Montreal General Hospital, a teaching hospital with the McGill University Health Centre. The CRN was established as a University Centre some 25 years ago under the leadership of Dr. Albert Aguayo. Historically the focus of the CRN has been in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural regeneration with an aim to mitigating the effects of trauma to the CNS.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - Centre%20for%20Research%20in%20Neuroscience

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The Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation and the University of Victoria today announced the details of a new pilot project that will measure ways of improving the success rates of Aboriginal students in post-secondary education. The LE, NONET(pronounced le-non-git) project, the first of its kind in Canada, will provide financial, academic and cultural support to Aboriginal students at the university during each of the next four academic years. LE, NONET is a Sencoten word meaning "success after enduring hardships".  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - LE%2CNONET

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La Fondation canadienne des bourses d'études du millénaire et l'Université de Victoria ont annoncé aujourd'hui un projet pilote qui permettra d'évaluer l'impact de moyens visant à améliorer les chances de réussite des étudiants autochtones de niveau postsecondaire. Le projet LE,NONET (prononcé le-non-git), une première au Canada, offrira un soutien financier, culturel et scolaire aux étudiants autochtones pour chacune des quatre prochaines années universitaires. Le mot "LE,NONET" signifie "réussite après avoir éprouvé des difficultés excessives" en langue sencoten.  1, fiche 28, Français, - LE%2CNONET

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For over 40 years researchers and teachers in Home Economics and related disciplines in Canadian Universities have met to share and encourage development in their respective fields. In 1959 the Canadian University Teachers of Home Economics(CUTHE) was formed at the Learned Societies Meeting in Saskatoon. In 1985, this group changed its name to CARHE(Canadian Association for Research in Home Economics) to better reflect the stage of development and research activity of its members and to broaden its mandate and membership. The purpose of the Canadian Association for Research in Home Economics(CARHE) is to bring together scholars in home economics/human ecology and related disciplines to study matters of common concern and to hear and discuss scholarly papers.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - Canadian%20Association%20for%20Research%20in%20Home%20Economics

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A university student in the last years of the first cycle of studies.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - Senior%20undergraduate%20student

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Étudiant universitaire dans les dernières années du premier cycle d'étude.  2, fiche 30, Français, - finissant%20du%20premier%20cycle

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Of the Mount Saint Vincent University. Originally the Centre was established to supply information and referral, facilitate networking, promote women in business, provide access to training, and manage research activities. Over the last few years the needs of women entrepreneurs changed as they started and expanded their businesses and as a result, the Centre also changed its focus to accommodate those changing needs. Services now include one-to-one counselling, business projects involving Mount students working with Centre clients, networking events, workshops, training programs, mentoring, and public presentations.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - Centre%20for%20Women%20in%20Business

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Centre d'aide aux entreprises situé sur le campus de l'université Mount Saint Vincent, Halifax (Nouvelle-Écosse).  2, fiche 31, Français, - Centre%20for%20Women%20in%20Business

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The E. B. C. can trace its origin back to 1949. Affiliated with the University of Alberta, since the club's founding fifty years ago, the E. B. C. provides a number of opportunities to watch and study birds in the company of fellow birders. There have been many opportunities to participate in conservation issues over the years.  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - Edmonton%20Bird%20Club

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Carbon-14 Method. Radiocarbon dating techniques, first developed by the American chemist Willard F. Libby and his associates at the University of Chicago in 1947, are frequently useful in unravelling time-related problems in archaeology, anthropology, oceanography, pedology, climatology, and recent geology. Through metabolic activity, the level of carbon-14 in a living organism remains in constant balance with the level in the atmosphere or some other portion of the earth's dynamic reservoir, such as the ocean. Upon the organism's death, carbon-14 begins to disintegrate at a known rate, and no further replacement of carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide can take place. The rapid disintegration of carbon-14 generally limits the dating period to approximately 50, 000 years, although the method is sometimes extended to 70, 000 years. Uncertainty in measurement increases with the age of the sample. Carbon dating works well on organic specimens such as wood, bone and cloth that are between 2 000 and 20 000 years old.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - carbon%2D14%20method

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Si l'on veut mettre en évidence les fluctuations du climat dont les périodes dépassent le siècle, il convient de disposer d'informations débordant largement une telle durée. [...] Aussi les chercheurs ont-ils dû faire appel à des procédés d'investigation indirects qui se sont singulièrement perfectionnés au fil des années, tels que, l'analyse historique des chroniques anciennes, la dendroclimatologie, [...] la méthode du carbone 14 appliquée aux micro-organismes fossiles des couches sédimentaires océaniques ou lacustres [...]  2, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20carbone%2014

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Il existe de nombreuses méthodes de datation qui donnent un âge [...] absolu. Il en est ainsi des datations physiques réalisées à partir de l'analyse des isotopes radioactifs dont l'état initial se modifie en fonction du temps écoulé depuis l'enfouissement de l'échantillon. Leur champ d'application dépend de l'ancienneté des sédiments et des objets concernés. La méthode du carbone 14 est utilisée pour les dernières dizaines de milliers d'années.  3, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20carbone%2014

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Méthode du carbone 14 : Mise au point par l'Américain Willard Frank Libby en 1949. Le carbone des végétaux provient uniquement du gaz carbonique de l'atmosphère absorbé grâce à l'assimilation chlorophyllienne. Sous l'effet des rayons cosmiques une partie infime, mais mesurable, du carbone atmosphérique est transformé en carbone radioactif. Du fait de la chaîne alimentaire, ce carbone radioactif se retrouve dans les os des animaux. Dès que ceux-ci meurent, l'assimilation cesse et le carbone radioactif perd sa radioactivité. Elle décroît de moitié tous les 5 730 ans. On peut dater une objet organique en mesurant la radioactivité résiduelle. La précision de la mesure repose sur l'hypothèse d'une proportion constante de carbone radioactif dans l'atmosphère.  4, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20carbone%2014

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In 1982, the 2-13 August, in Halifax, Nova Scotia.  3, fiche 37, Anglais, - Joint%20Oceanographic%20Assembly

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Held every 6 years. In the past it was held in Moscow, New York. In 1982, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1988, it will be held in Acapulco. Information received from Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography in Halifax.  4, fiche 37, Anglais, - Joint%20Oceanographic%20Assembly

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Renseignement obtenu de l'université Dalhousie, département d'océanographie à Halifax.  3, fiche 37, Français, - Assembl%C3%A9e%20oc%C3%A9anographique%20commune

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Systematic instruction conducted by postal correspondence between the student and the teaching agency.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - correspondence%20course

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Distance education occurs when the student is physically distant from his teachers and institution... Correspondence courses have existed for many years, but it is only in the last decade that large numbers of students in the United Kingdom have taken university courses "at a distance. "  4, fiche 38, Anglais, - correspondence%20course

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It is often combined with some other methods or aids such as seminars, weekend study groups, taped instruction, and television and may combine study at work and home study.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - correspondence%20course

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Enseignement systématique transmis par correspondance à l'élève par l'organisme qui dispense le cours.  2, fiche 38, Français, - cours%20par%20correspondance

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Ce genre d'enseignement s'accompagne souvent d'autres méthodes ou d'auxiliaires comme les séminaires, les groupes d'étude de fins de semaine, les bandes magnétiques et la télévision, et peut combiner l'étude au travail avec l'étude à domicile.  2, fiche 38, Français, - cours%20par%20correspondance

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It is well known that in the United States the education premium--the ratio of the earnings of university graduates to the earnings of high school graduates--has risen sharply in the last twenty years.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - education%20premium

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L'écart entre les revenus moyens des diplômés et celui des non-diplômés est longtemps resté relativement stable. Or, ces écarts ont commencé à se creuser à la fin des années 1980 et surtout dans la décennie en cours [1990]. Il en résulte une sorte de prime à l'éducation pour employer le langage des économistes.  1, fiche 39, Français, - prime%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9ducation

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A first university degree in education, usually requiring three or four years’ course work and practice teaching. It can also be a second degree in education, usually requiring two years’ course work after a first bachelor's degree in arts, science.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - Bachelor%20of%20Education

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A l'Université Laval, les baccalauréats en éducation pour l'enseignement secondaire sont tous formés d'une majeure dans une discipline enseignée au niveau secondaire, et d'une mineure en pédagogie en didactique. L'étudiant doit normalement compléter sa majeure avant d'entreprendre sa mineure.  3, fiche 40, Français, - Baccalaur%C3%A9at%20en%20%C3%A9ducation

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[The budget] provides $900 million over five years to establish and sustain 2, 000 new university research chairs across Canada.  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - research%20chair

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[Le budget] prévoit l'injection de 900 millions de dollars sur cinq ans pour l'établissement et le soutien de 2 000 nouvelles chaires de recherche universitaires au Canada.  1, fiche 41, Français, - chaire%20de%20recherche

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The objective of this programme of the Public Service Commission, introduced in 1990-91, is to replenish the pool of future Public Service managers by recruiting recent university graduates with demonstrated management potential and developing them, over the course of five years, to the middle-management level.  3, fiche 42, Anglais, - Management%20Trainee%20Program

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Also title of a course given at the Canadian Centre for Management Development.  4, fiche 42, Anglais, - Management%20Trainee%20Program

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Ce programme de la Commission de la fonction publique, mis sur pied en 1990-1991, vise à reconstituer la réserve de futurs gestionnaires pour la fonction publique en recrutant des diplômés frais émoulus de l'université et aptes à devenir gestionnaires, de même qu'en leur donnant la formation nécessaire pour qu'ils deviennent cadres intermédiaires en cinq ans.  3, fiche 42, Français, - Programme%20de%20stagiaires%20en%20gestion

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Aussi titre d'un cours donné au Centre canadien de gestion.  4, fiche 42, Français, - Programme%20de%20stagiaires%20en%20gestion

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In the South Pacific the islanders of Bougainville have created for themselves an autonomous, sustainable, low-impact society based on mutual aid, co-operation and bioregionalism but they have paid a heavy price for this eco-utopia.  3, fiche 43, Anglais, - eco%2Dutopia

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Ecotopia has been for eight years an amazing place to meet environmental activists from all over Europe, to make friends, to empty compost toilets... it is an action camp, lifestyle and direct democracy experiment, eco-utopia, and summer university...  4, fiche 43, Anglais, - eco%2Dutopia

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Britain’s Victorian-era environmental movement can serve as a touchstone, however, and deserves special consideration for the role of William Morris, whose News from Nowhere may well be the modern era’s first ecological utopia.  2, fiche 43, Anglais, - eco%2Dutopia

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Utopie nouvelle influencée par les mises en cause récentes des pollutions, de l'épuisement des ressources, du culte de la croissance.  1, fiche 43, Français, - %C3%A9co%2Dutopie

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Callenbach, Ernest, Écotopie, Éditions Stock, 1978. Le pays de l'utopie écologique.  3, fiche 43, Français, - %C3%A9co%2Dutopie

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On signale : Périodiques : Franck-Dominique Vivien et Lionel Quesne : «Biosphère 2, Utopie écologique?», dans : «Futuribles», n° 227, janvier 1998.  4, fiche 43, Français, - %C3%A9co%2Dutopie

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Kenneth Rinehart, a chemist at the University of Illinois in Urbana, is working with NCI on two compounds that may prove useful for a number of cancers. Didemnin B, a substance extracted from a marine animal called a tunicate and found in the western Caribbean Sea, is currently in Phase II clinical trials for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a type of central nervous system tumor. However, this extract--which is the marine compound at the most advanced stage of development for use as an anti-cancer agent--has remained in Phase II for five years because of debilitating side effects.  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - didemnin%20B

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Substance d'origine marine présentant des propriétés antitumorales, isolée chez Tritidemnum solidum (ascidie) qui provient de la Mer des Caraïbes.  1, fiche 44, Français, - didemnine%20B

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The creation of a centre of university studies at Trois-Rivières. [There] is reason to believe that a centre of university studies... could come into existence [at Trois-Rivières, which] could provide instruction for the first or the first two years leading to the "licence" in disciplines which are essential to the continued self-improvement and the training of teachers.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - centre%20of%20university%20studies

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The term "centre of university studies" is used in Quebec.  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - centre%20of%20university%20studies

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Établissement dispensant une partie de l'enseignement supérieur.  2, fiche 45, Français, - centre%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires

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Le centre d'études universitaires de Trois-Rivières pourrait assurer l'enseignement de la première ou des deux premières années de la licence dans les disciplines essentielles au perfectionnement et à la formation du personnel enseignant.  1, fiche 45, Français, - centre%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «centre d'études universitaires» est utilisé au Québec.  3, fiche 45, Français, - centre%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20universitaires

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Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

English, French, Spanish, Polish. Human Life International(HLI) was founded in 1981 by Benedictine monk, Fr. Paul Marx. A Catholic priest and Doctor of Sociology. Fr. Marx was a pro-life pioneer in the 1960s and 1970s, teaching scientifically proven natural methods of birth spacing, commonly referred to as Natural Family Planning(NFP). Fr. Marx became alarmed at the increased reliance on abortion, especially among the young, and the proliferation of groups promoting abortion rights. He founded the Human Life Center at Minnesota's St. John's University in 1972. This became Human Life International in 1981. Through HLI Fr. Marx worked to promote NFP and to defend innocent unborn human life. HLI has grown over the years into a worldwide human rights organization, whose global mission is to protect and defend the right to life at all stages of human development and to promote natural methods of birth spacing.  3, fiche 46, Anglais, - Human%20Life%20International

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Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Research into wood properties has been conducted at Oxford for over 50 years and the wood collection or xylarium now holds over 24, 750 wood samples. They represent approximately 8, 700 species, 2, 350 genera and 200 families. Microscope slides have been prepared for much of the collection, and the anatomical characteristics of every wood recorded on edge-punched cards. The collection of cards constitutes a key for the identification of hardwoods by their microscopic structure. It is used for taxonomic research and the identification of unknown specimens. [Research Reports from the Oxford Forestry Institute(OFI) of the University of Oxford]  2, fiche 47, Anglais, - xylarium

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Program of the Public Service Commission of Canada to increase the number and level of Canadians in the secretariats of international organizations. The International Program Directorate, which maintains an inventory of applicants from within and outside the federal public service, who have a university degree and at least five years of work experience and who have indicated an interest in international organizations on a regular basis. Interdepartmental selection committees decide which international positions are of interest to Canada and which candidates merit government support. Canadian candidates then compete with candidates from other nations and the final selection is made by the organizations concerned. An average of 50 Canadians are appointed each year to over 40 international organizations.  1, fiche 48, Anglais, - Assignments%20to%20International%20Organizations

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Programme de la Commission de la fonction publique du Canada qui a pour but de veiller à ce qu'un nombre accru de Canadiens soient nommés aux secrétariats des organisations internationales, en particulier à des postes de niveau supérieur. Les agents de la Direction des programmes internationaux, qui maintiennent un répertoire des candidats de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur de la fonction publique fédérale reçoivent régulièrement des avis de postes à pourvoir au sein d'organisations internationales. Des comités de sélection interministériels déterminent lesquels de ces postes revêtent un intérêt particulier pour le Canada et retiennent les candidatures méritant de recevoir l'appui du gouvernement. Les candidats du Canada et des autres pays sont alors invités à participer à des concours à la suite desquels les organisations compétentes font leur choix définitif. Chaque année, une cinquantaine de Canadiens sont nommés à des postes dans plus de 40 organisations internationales.  1, fiche 48, Français, - Affectations%20aux%20organisations%20internationales

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The students are required to have completed four years of resident university education in order to be admitted for the bursary at Harvard(Law Degree).  1, fiche 49, Anglais, - resident%20university%20education

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Éducation dans des écoles, ou des collèges qui procurent aussi les facilités de logement.  1, fiche 49, Français, - %C3%A9ducation%20r%C3%A9sidentielle

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... the completion of diploma requirements in fewer years than normal ... (Impact of OSIS on the Scarborough School System: Report Number 1, Board of Education for the City of Scarborough, 1986).  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - fast%2Dtracking

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Students fear "fast-tracking" will overtax university system... The revised high school system [in Ontario], introduced in 1984, enables students to earn a Grade 13 diploma in four years instead of five.  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - fast%2Dtracking

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Accumulation, en moins d'années que prévu, des crédits nécessaires à l'obtention d'un diplôme d'études secondaires.  1, fiche 50, Français, - progression%20acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes recommandés par le Réseau des traducteurs et traductrices en éducation.  1, fiche 50, Français, - progression%20acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

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These estimates receive quantitative support from a study done at the University of B. C., based upon a longitudinal analysis of Registered Nurses Association of B. C. membership, from which a general occupational attrition rate of 10 percent can be calculated. This figure represents the probability that a person holding PRACTICING REGISTRATION STATUS at the start of the year will relinquish that status before year's end.  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - practicing%20registration%20status

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Seulement quatre corporations exigent de ceux qui sont étudiants dans une discipline qui, normalement, devrait leur permettre d'accéder au statut de membre de ces corporations, qu'ils obtiennent un certificat d'immatriculation.  2, fiche 51, Français, - statut%20de%20membre%20actif

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Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These estimates receive quantitative support from a study done at the University of B. C., based upon a longitudinal analysis of Registered Nurses Association of B. C. membership, from which a general occupational attrition rate of 10 percent can be calculated. This figure represents the probability that a person holding PRACTICING REGISTRATION STATUS at the start of the year will relinquish that status before year's end. Combining this movement with that from NON-REGISTRATION(albeit previously registered) or INACTIVE STATUS to ACTIVE REGISTRATION provides a net shift of approximately 5 percent per annum.  1, fiche 52, Anglais, - non%2Dregistration

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Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These estimates receive quantitative support from a study done at the University of B. C., based upon a longitudinal analysis of Registered Nurses Association of B. C. membership, from which a general occupational attrition rate of 10 percent can be calculated. This figure represents the probability that a person holding PRACTICING REGISTRATION STATUS at the start of the year will relinquish that status before year's end. Combining this movement with that from NON-REGISTRATION(albeit previously registered) or INACTIVE STATUS to ACTIVE REGISTRATION provides a net shift of approximately 5 percent per annum.  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - inactive%20status

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Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Seulement quatre corporations exigent de ceux qui sont étudiants dans une discipline qui, normalement, devrait leur permettre d'accéder au statut de membre de ces corporations, qu'ils obtiennent un certificat d'immatriculation.  2, fiche 53, Français, - statut%20de%20membre%20inactif

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The appointment of a professor for a period of two to five years in order that an appraisal might be made, both by the professor and the university.(Unesco study of higher education terminology)  1, fiche 54, Anglais, - probationary%20appointment

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"Une nomination (d'un professeur à titre d'essai a pour but de permettre à l'université et au professeur de mieux se connaître (...) Les nominations à l'essai peuvent être renouvelés, sans toutefois dépasser une durée totale de cinq ans." (Guide de l'association canadienne des professeurs d'université, ACPV)  1, fiche 54, Français, - nomination%20%C3%A0%20titre%20d%27essai

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Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

second cycle ends with the baccalauréat which is an undergraduate title equivalent to 1 a years of university  1, fiche 55, Anglais, - first%20and%20second%20cycle

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