TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Instruction using] programs that understand the student’s internal cognitive structures; are able to analyse a student’s answer to a question and determine which parts of the question confuse the student. They then use that information to provide very specific instruction. A system of this type would be a substitute for a very competent and experienced teacher.  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction(ICAI)... encompasses two primary areas. One is instructional programs that model the learner... These programs collect detailed data about the student's work and formulate a hypothesis about what the student knows and is thinking.... The other area is the use of expert systems... that contain all known information on a particular topic, a set of logic that ties all this information together..., and in some cases a program that allows a person to converse easily and in natural language with the computer.  8, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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The components of an ICAI program are problem-solving expertise, student model, and tutoring module.  9, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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For historical reasons, much of the research in the field of educational software involving artificial intelligence has been conducted under the name of "ICAI." This acronym stands for "Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction," a phrase that evolved out of the name "Computer-Aided Instruction" (CAI) ... Most recently, "ICAI" has often been replaced by the acronym "ITS," for "Intelligent Tutoring Systems"....  10, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enseignement à partir du principe que les programmes à vocation pédagogique devraient être eux-mêmes des experts du domaine capables de résoudre les problèmes posés de différentes façons, de suivre et de critiquer les solutions de l'étudiant.  3, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'E.I.A.O. consiste à appliquer la technicité des systèmes experts à l'E.A.O., l'expert en l'occurrence étant l'enseignant-pédagogue. L'E.A.O. pratique une analyse plus ou moins affinée des réponses des apprenants. L'E.I.A.O. ambitionne d'analyser le raisonnement de cet apprenant, de lui montrer d'autres formes de raisonnement ou l'aider à les découvrir [...]  2, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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Le sigle est aussi celui d'un projet de recherche au Laboratoire de recherche informatique d'Orsay (France).  6, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[An expression] used to say that one has little or no knowledge of something.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - to%20the%20best%20of%20one%26rsquo%3Bs%20knowledge

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La locution française «au meilleur de sa connaissance» est fréquemment utilisée, mais demeure un calque de l'anglais «to the best of one's knowledge». Cette dernière est à éviter puisqu'il ne manque pas d’équivalents en français pour traduire cette locution anglaise.  3, fiche 2, Français, - pour%20autant%20que%20l%27on%20se%20souvienne

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Happy Birthday to You" is an American song which is sung to celebrate the anniversary of a person’s birth. Non-English speakers have translated it into other languages.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - Happy%20Birthday%20to%20You

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The "Happy Birthday" story begins with two sisters from Kentucky Mildred J. Hill and Patty Smith Hill... One day in 1893 Patty... came up with the modest melody we now know as "Happy Birthday"; sister Patty added some simple lyrics and completed the creation of "Good Morning to All" a simple greeting song for teachers to use in welcoming students to class each day... Here the trail becomes murky--nobody really knows who wrote the words to "Happy Birthday to You" and put them to the Hills’ melody or when it happened. The "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics first appeared in a songbook edited by one Robert H. Coleman in March of 1924 where they were published as a second stanza to "Good Morning to You"; with the advent of radio and sound films "Happy Birthday" was widely popularized as a birthday celebration song and its lyrics supplanted the originals... The Chicago-based music publisher Clayton F. Summy Company working with Jessica Hill published and copyrighted "Happy Birthday" in 1935... so under current law the copyright protection of "Happy Birthday" will remain intact until at least 2030.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Happy%20Birthday%20to%20You

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La chanson «Happy Birthday» [...] était au départ intitulée "Good morning to all" et fut composée en 1893 par deux sœurs du nom de Mildred J. Hill et Patty Smith Hill [...] Personne ne sait comment le texte a évolué de «Good morning to all» à «Happy birthday to you» [...] Sur ce bonne fête tout le monde.  3, fiche 3, Français, - Joyeux%20Anniversaire

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An arrangement of wood that is standing end on and is built like a pyramid or cone. The centre is fired, and as the core burns away the outside logs fall inwards, constantly feeding the heart of the fire. This type of fire gives good radiation and even with wet wood burns well.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - wigwam%20fire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every novice knows the wigwam fire--indeed if a child who has never made a fire were told to build one, he would surely turn up with a wigwam, for it is the natural arrangement. But nevertheless, it is not without importance in the craft, for it is the core of every fire lay no matter how elaborate. Viewed in its own right and aside from its contribution as the starting torch of other lays, it has few qualifications as a cooking fire if one intends to do more than stew a pot of tea, because its heat is all thrown to the center of the pyramid and offers no spread for the utensils, and its coals all drop to one small spot in the center. It is good for light, however, and is prized in the evening. First the coil of birch-bark, or the chip of fat pine, or the handful of tiny twigs broken into a pyramid, or the fuzz-stick; then a few softwood sticks from the size of a pencil up to that of your little finger, stacked around it in wigwam fashion, and lastly the hardwood sticks of finger and thumb size. Remember to keep it tall and slender. And keep it small--a foot high and a foot wide at the base.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - wigwam%20fire

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Feu en cône. Cette méthode est excellente pour obtenir rapidement des braises ou pour faire un petit feu de camp. Un feu en cône a l'inconvénient de faire les étincelles. Il demande donc de l'attention dans sa conduite et une surveillance constante. Pour le construire, il suffit de disposer en cône serré, autour d'un petit cône initial de brindilles et d'allume feu, des rondins de diamètre et de longueur progressivement croissants. Ménagez du côté au vent un petit couloir pour pouvoir introduire l'amadou enflammé.  1, fiche 4, Français, - feu%20en%20c%C3%B4ne

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Feu en wigmam : C'est la structure classique des feux de camp. On place d'abord le matériau inflammable en maintenant un certain espace entre les brindilles, les aiguilles ou quel que soit le matériau de base. On place ensuite des bâtons légèrement plus gros autour du centre, sans les attacher, en réservant un espace du côté du vent pour permettre à l'air--le vent ou votre souffle--d'entrer. [...] Quant il a brûlé, le "wigwam" de base laisse un bon lit de braises pour le bois restant, qui peut être mis à plat.  3, fiche 4, Français, - feu%20en%20c%C3%B4ne

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even if the denotations of terms were the same for all agents(and for use), we would need to have a way of referring to the constants used by agents for denoting objects(because the constants used by these agents might not appear in our theory). Suppose we were to Skolemize a nested belief formula by replacing the existential variable by a Skolem constant, say Sk. Sk denotes an object-we do not know which one, but A does know!(We know that A knows which object Sk denotes because the semantics of B tells us that there is an expression of the form P(C) in A's theory such that C denotes whatever Sk is supposed to denote.) Therefore, we need a constant to denote whatever it is that Sk denotes. We introduce an operator o. called the bullet operator, that transforms any term inside the context of the B operator to a constant denoting, for the believer, whatever that term is supposed to denote for us.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - bullet%20operator

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol