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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule is that a promise to perform an existing duty is no consideration, at least when the promise is made by a party to a pre-existing contract, when it is made to the promisee under that contract, and it is to do no more than the promisor is bound to do under that contract. The rule expresses the concept that the new promise, indistinguishable from the old, is an illusory consideration.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - illusory%20consideration

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Formerly, if there was a scintilla of evidence to support the issues, the judge was bound to leave it to the jury; but now, in every case, it is for the judge to decide whether there is any evidence from which the jury can reasonably find for the party on whom the burden of proof rests. It there is no evidence or a mere scintilla, it is his duty to withdraw the case from the jury and enter judgment for the opposite party. And the test whether evidence only amounts to a scintilla is to assume it uncontradicted, and then inquire whether the jury would be justified in founding a verdict thereon.(Phipson, 13th ed., 1982, p. 765)  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - scintilla%20of%20evidence

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Scintilla of evidence has been defined as "any material evidence that if true would trend to establish the issue in the mind of a reasonable juror." Other views are that a scintilla of evidence is no evidence or but a spark, gleam, or mere conjecture as distinguished from a reasonable inference. The expression "mere scintilla" of evidence means the least particle of evidence - evidence which, without further evidence, is a mere trifle. "More than a scintilla" may be defined as evidence of probative value having the fitness to induce conviction in the minds of reasonable men. (Corpus juris secundum, 1981, vol.32A, p.628)  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - scintilla%20of%20evidence

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

parcelle de preuve : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 2, Français, - parcelle%20de%20preuve

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The duty of confidentiality... Physicians are legally(and ethically) bound to hold any and all information obtained from a patient confidential. This duty ensures that the patient's legal rights(including reputation and social status) are protected. Confidentiality is, of course, also recognized as essential for physician-patient respect and trust. Exceptions arise when the patient waives the right to confidentiality or when provided for in law.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - duty%20of%20confidentiality

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'obligation de confidentialité. Comme tous les autres professionnels, le médecin a envers ses patients une obligation de confidentialité. Cette obligation couvre tant les informations divulguées par le patient dans le cadre de la relation professionnelle que tous les faits que le médecin constate par lui-même en raison de sa science et de son expérience.  4, fiche 3, Français, - obligation%20de%20confidentialit%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A traditional concept of international relations which asserts that peace among nations rests upon a delicate international equilibrium, or international distribution of power, and that whenever one state(or group of states) becomes too strong and powerful(which could potentially upset that balance), other states are duty bound to diminish the power and the influence of that state(or states) by any means possible, including war.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - balance%20of%20power

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Since balance of power sometimes means equilibrium, and sometimes means disequilibrium, it is not too surprising to learn that it sometimes achieves a position of majestic neutrality and consents to mean either one. In this usage, the balance of power becomes the equivalent of "the distribution of power"; just as temperature refers to a thermal situation, whether it be hot or cold, so balance of power refers to the power situation, whether it be balanced or unbalanced.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - balance%20of%20power

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Balance of forces" is sometimes considered as a synonym for "balance of power".  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - balance%20of%20power

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

équilibre ou balance des forces. Principe de politique (dont la consécration remonte au traité de Westphalie 1648) selon lequel le rapport des forces entre États doit rester stable, grâce à un jeu de bascule qui empêche la prédominance de l'un par le groupement des moyens politiques économiques ou militaires de certains autres.  3, fiche 4, Français, - %C3%A9quilibre%20des%20pouvoirs

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Équilibre des forces» est parfois considéré comme un synonyme de «équilibre des pouvoirs».  6, fiche 4, Français, - %C3%A9quilibre%20des%20pouvoirs

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conepto fundamental dentro de la escuela realista o clásica de las relaciones internacionales que se refiere a una condición de equilibrio entre las naciones, en virtud de la cual ningún Estado, o grupos de Estados, puede acumular más poder que los demás, evitando así su hegemonía y asegurando la paz.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - balance%20de%20poder

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En primer lugar, se ha entendido por balance del poder el resultado de un conjunto de relaciones interestatales, consistente en una condición aproximada de equilibrio entre dos coaliciones o alianzas.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - balance%20de%20poder

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is the duty of all executors, administrators and guardians of infants(as well as all trustees) to keep proper books of account and to be ready at all times to account for the trust property which they are bound to administer. But it is doubtful whether an infant can be required to account.(Hull & Cullity, Macdonell, Sheard and Hull on Probate Practice, 3rd ed., 1981, p. 364)  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - account

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme anglais se construit, le cas échéant, avec «for»; l'équivalent français demande la préposition «de».  2, fiche 5, Français, - rendre%20compte

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On trouve également la variante : «render an account». Dans les cas où le mot «account(s)» est qualifié de quelque façon, on emploie aussi en français les formules «rendre un compte», «rendre son compte», etc., selon le contexte.  2, fiche 5, Français, - rendre%20compte

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

rendre compte : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 5, Français, - rendre%20compte

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bound duty : term used by Revenue Canada.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - bound%20duty

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit consolidé : terme utilisé par Revenu Canada.  3, fiche 6, Français, - droit%20consolid%C3%A9

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Satisfaction may be defined as any measure which the author of a breach of duty is bound to take under customary law or under an agreement by the parties to a dispute, a part from restitution or compensation. Satisfaction is an aspect of reparation in the broad sense. However, it is not easy to distinguish between pecuniary satisfaction and compensation in the case of breaches of duty not resulting in death, personal injuries, or damage to or loss of property. Claims of this sort are commonly expressed as a claim for an "indemnity". If there is a distinction, it would seem to be in the intention behind the demand. If it is predominantly that of seeking a token of regret and acknowledgment of wrongdoing then it is a matter of satisfaction. The objects of satisfaction are three, which are often cumulative; apologies or other acknowledgment of wrongdoing by means of a salute to the flag or payment of an indemnity; the punishment of the individuals concerned; and the taking of measures to prevent a recurrence of the harm.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - satisfaction

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avantage d'ordre moral qu'obtient un État à titre de redressement d'un acte ou d'un comportement ayant engagé la responsabilité d'un autre État. Par ex., regrets, salut au drapeau, excuse, punition des agents responsables, proclamation par l'arbitre ou le juge du caractère illicite du comportement de l'État coupable.  1, fiche 7, Français, - satisfaction

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, fiche 7, Français, - satisfaction

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rate(or the duty) is bound against increase.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - bound

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit est consolidé c'est-à-dire que l'on s'engage -dans un accord commercial à ne pas le majorer. (Larousse commercial, mots "accords commerciaux")  1, fiche 8, Français, - consolid%C3%A9

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol