TERMIUM Plus^®

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Mind uploading... is the theoretical process by which a particular mind–the set of thoughts, feelings, memories, and other cognitive faculties intrinsic to an individual–is transferred from an implementation on one substrate to an implementation on another, such as from a biological brain to a computer.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - mind%20uploading

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mind uploading: Some authors use the term "whole brain emulation" as a synonym of this term. However, whole brain emulation is the process by which the structure of one’s entire brain is reproduced onto a computing substrate in order to replicate its workings, while mind uploading is the process by which one’s mind is transferred from one substrate to another.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - mind%20uploading

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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[Le] téléchargement de l'esprit («mind uploading» [en anglais]) est une technique hypothétique qui pourrait permettre de transférer un esprit d'un cerveau à un ordinateur [...] en l'ayant numérisé au préalable.  1, fiche 1, Français, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargement%20de%20l%27esprit

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téléchargement de l'esprit : Certains auteurs considèrent le terme «émulation du cerveau entier» comme un synonyme de ce terme. Toutefois, l'émulation du cerveau entier consiste à reproduire la structure de l'ensemble du cerveau d'une personne sur un substrat informatique pour reconstituer son fonctionnement, alors que le téléchargement de l'esprit consiste à transférer l'esprit d'une personne d'un substrat à un autre.  2, fiche 1, Français, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargement%20de%20l%27esprit

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Uno de los últimos desafíos que presenta el transhumanismo es el plantearse la transferencia mental ("mind uploading" [...]) que, en el contexto de la ciencia ficción, nos habla de la posibilidad futura de un hipotético proceso de codificación de una mente real para su posterior transvase a un sustrato artificial, algún tipo de máquina y ordenador. El ordenador podría entonces ejecutar un modelo que simula el procesado de información del cerebro transferido, de modo que responda igual que el original ante los mismos estímulos y sea indistinguible del mismo.  2, fiche 1, Espagnol, - transferencia%20mental

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Cognitive appraisal is the "process of categorizing an encounter, and its various facets, with respect to its significance for well-being"... before actually coping with a situation...  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - cognitive%20appraisal

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a cognitive process in which people evaluate the presented threat(including the assessment of threat seriousness and personal susceptibility) and suggested coping responses(including the assessment of response efficacy and self-efficacy).  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - danger%20control

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... anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic is a cognitive process in which the anchor is taken as a first rough estimate which is known to be imprecise and which is then adjusted to a sufficiently plausible estimate.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - anchoring%2Dand%2Dadjustment%20heuristic

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[...] l'heuristique d'ancrage-ajustement [...] pose que le sujet opère des estimations en partant d'une valeur initiale qu'il ajuste, dans une direction et une proportion déterminées par d'autres aspects de la situation, jusqu'à fournir une valeur finale (p. ex. sa réponse). La valeur initiale, ou «ancre», peut être suggérée par la formulation du problème ou résulter d'un calcul partiel.  3, fiche 4, Français, - heuristique%20d%27ancrage%20et%20d%27ajustement

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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IA [intelligence amplification] is a process of using AI [artificial intelligence] technology to enhance human cognitive abilities. This can be done through a variety of means, such as providing humans with access to more information, or helping them to process and understand information more effectively.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - intelligence%20amplification

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[L']amplification de l'intelligence vise à améliorer et non à remplacer le travail du cerveau.  4, fiche 5, Français, - amplification%20de%20l%27intelligence

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Cognitive diversity reflects the different ways we as people process knowledge, problem solve, understand complexity and learn. Increasing cognitive diversity can lead to less groupthink, better decision-making and can enable firms to better respond to their stakeholders.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - cognitive%20diversity

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Définie comme la somme des différences perçues dans les styles de pensée, les connaissances, les compétences, les valeurs et les croyances des membres d'une équipe, les entreprises ont aujourd'hui réalisé l'influence positive de la prise en compte de la diversité cognitive au service du collectif et de l'organisation.  2, fiche 6, Français, - diversit%C3%A9%20cognitive

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the technical translator must have a cross-curricular and multifaceted background. In addition to grasping theoretical and linguistic orientations for the actual translation process, an understanding of other subjects, such as cognitive psychology, usability engineering, and technical communication, is necessary for a successful technical translator.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - technical%20translator

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Le traducteur technique conjugue des compétences techniques, linguistiques et rédactionnelles pour rendre différents documents […] techniques lisibles pour leurs utilisateurs. Son savoir-faire multidisciplinaire est indispensable à de nombreux secteurs industriels et commerciaux.  1, fiche 7, Français, - traducteur%20technique

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions [that] typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner, such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - divergent%20thinking

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Divergent thinking refers to the way the mind generates ideas beyond proscribed expectations and rote thinking - what is usually referred to thinking outside the box, and is often associated with creativity.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - divergent%20thinking

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[…] processus ou […] méthode de pensée utilisé pour produire des idées créatives en envisageant de nombreuses solutions possibles [qui] se produit en principe dans un cadre spontané et non dirigé, de façon que de nombreuses idées soient générées d'une façon aléatoire et non organisée.  3, fiche 8, Français, - pens%C3%A9e%20divergente

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Razonamiento divergente: el pensamiento divergente o lateral se caracteriza por la capacidad de generar múltiples e ingeniosas soluciones a un mismo problema.  2, fiche 8, Espagnol, - pensamiento%20divergente

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Enfoque mental espontáneo, fluido y no lineal, basado en la curiosidad y también en el inconformismo, que se caracteriza por la capacidad de generar múltiples e ingeniosas soluciones a un mismo problema.  1, fiche 8, Espagnol, - pensamiento%20divergente

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… generally a good zootherapist will have received training in cognitive therapy, and will therefore use this synergy to begin the process of guiding the person towards better being. The difference between a conversation with a zootherapist as opposed to a person with no training is that, the zootherapist in the end, is a trained mental health worker.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - zootherapist

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Thérapeute clinicien travaillant dans le triangle client/animal/lui-même avec l'objectif d'améliorer le bien-être de la personne (client).  3, fiche 9, Français, - zooth%C3%A9rapeute

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The envisioning machine ... helps model cognitive processes and represents a student’s understanding of physics.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - cognitive%20process

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We’ve done some production work in representing knowledge and communications, and are not doing production work in representing cognitive processes or tutoring strategies.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - cognitive%20process

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processus par lequel un organisme [ou un dispositif] acquiert des informations sur l'environnement et les élabore pour régler son comportement : perception, formation de concepts, raisonnement, langage, décision, pensée.  3, fiche 10, Français, - processus%20cognitif

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A technology that has the ability of sensing the environment in which it operates and adapting to its changes.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - cognitive%20radio

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A cognitive radio is an intelligent radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically. Its transceiver is designed to use the best wireless channels in its vicinity. Such a radio automatically detects available channels in [the] wireless spectrum, then accordingly changes its transmission or reception parameters to allow more concurrent wireless communications in a given spectrum band at one location. This process is a form of dynamic spectrum management.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - cognitive%20radio

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Technique de communication radioélectrique qui consiste à optimiser automatiquement certains paramètres d'émission et de réception en fonction de l'environnement, en utilisant notamment des algorithmes d'apprentissage et de prise de décision fondés sur l'intelligence artificielle.  4, fiche 11, Français, - radio%20intelligente

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La radio intelligente permet notamment d’utiliser au mieux le spectre radioélectrique [et] peut recourir à la radio logicielle pour reconfigurer les paramètres.  4, fiche 11, Français, - radio%20intelligente

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radio intelligente; RI : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 9 août 2013.  5, fiche 11, Français, - radio%20intelligente

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A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions : there are two separate channels(auditory and visual) for processing information; there is limited channel capacity; and... learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - cognitive%20theory%20of%20multimedia%20learning

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Les recherches [...] ont permis le développement d'une théorie cognitive de l'apprentissage multimédia. Théorie qui se base sur l'idée que les êtres humains ont deux canaux d'acquisition d'information, le canal visuel et le canal oral, et que la capacité d'acquisition d'information dans la mémoire de travail est limitée; par conséquent l'apprentissage implique la sélection des informations importantes et la construction d'un modèle mental cohérent.  2, fiche 12, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20cognitive%20de%20l%27apprentissage%20multim%C3%A9dia

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The process of relearning cognitive skills that have been lost or altered as a result of damage to brain cells/chemistry.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - cognitive%20rehabilitation%20therapy

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The process of CRT [cognitive rehabilitation therapy] comprises 4 components : Education about cognitive weaknesses and strengths... Process Training... Strategy Training... and Functional Activities Training.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - cognitive%20rehabilitation%20therapy

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Activité thérapeutique systématique visant à aider la personne ayant des atteintes cognitives à reprendre son autonomie fonctionnelle.  2, fiche 13, Français, - r%C3%A9adaptation%20cognitive

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La réadaptation cognitive vise à rendre les personnes aptes à participer aux activités de la vie quotidienne et à établir des stratégies spécifiques pour composer avec les difficultés issues des modifications à la mémoire ou dans d'autres domaines cognitifs. Différentes techniques sont utilisées, dont le rappel espacé.  3, fiche 13, Français, - r%C3%A9adaptation%20cognitive

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[A cognitive process in which] the attention [is] directed toward a weapon in a scenario, usually at the expense of other details.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - weapon%20focus%20effect

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Memory impairment in the weapon focus effect ... Typically, participants in weapon-present conditions display poorer memory for other details surrounding the weapon (i.e., peripheral details), such as the perpetrator holding the weapon, as compared with weapon-absent scenarios ...  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - weapon%20focus%20effect

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Les résultats de cette expérience indiquent donc que l’effet de la focalisation sur l’arme n’est pas uniquement le produit d’une réponse d’orientation vers un objet nouveau, inattendu ou surprenant. Contrairement à l’objet inhabituel et non menaçant, l’arme a une signification précise et vitale dans la scène observée, interprétée alors par les témoins comme la représentation d’un vol. Pourtant, un tel acte n’est pas explicitement présenté.  1, fiche 14, Français, - effet%20de%20focalisation%20sur%20l%27arme

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[A cognitive process in which] high-frequency words are recognized faster and more accurately than low-frequency words, regardless of whether they are heard or read.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - word%2Dfrequency%20effect

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Dans un paradigme de rappel sériel immédiat, les mots fréquents sont mieux rappelés que les mots rares. Afin de rendre compte de cet effet de la fréquence des mots, [les auteurs] ont récemment suggéré l'hypothèse des liens associatifs.  2, fiche 15, Français, - effet%20de%20fr%C3%A9quence%20des%20mots

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[A cognitive task that measures] the contributions of consciously controlled and automatic processes in memory.  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - process%20dissociation%20procedure

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The process dissociation procedure(PDP) was introduced as a general-purpose tool for quantifying the extent to which performance on various cognitive tasks is mediated by consciously controlled versus automatic processes.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - process%20dissociation%20procedure

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[Tâche cognitive qui] permet [...] de séparer les processus mémoriels conscients et inconscients.  3, fiche 16, Français, - proc%C3%A9dure%20de%20dissociation%20des%20processus

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A cognitive process in which a learner, given a new problem, will be able to make use of the appropriate theories, principles, facts, etc. needed to tackle it.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - application

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Application d'une théorie à la solution de problèmes techniques.  1, fiche 17, Français, - application

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Utilización de generalizaciones, teorías, principios, leyes u otros para resolver situaciones o problemas concretos.  2, fiche 17, Espagnol, - aplicaci%C3%B3n

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... cognitive defusion refers to ways in which we can begin to take a step back from the content of our thinking and notice the process.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - cognitive%20defusion

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Capacité de se distancer des contenus psychologiques [...] qui permet de les prendre pour ce qu'ils sont (des sensations, des pensées, des émotions ou des images), plutôt pour ce qu'ils disent qu'ils sont [...]  1, fiche 18, Français, - d%C3%A9fusion%20cognitive

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The study of methods of training and teaching and their effectiveness, and of the problems experienced in learning formal material; in particular, the study of how to help people, especially school children, with learning problems to overcome their difficulties.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - educational%20psychology

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Educational psychology. Theoretical and research branch of modern psychology, concerned with the learning processes and psychological problems associated with the teaching and training of students. The educational psychologist studies the cognitive development of students and the various factors involved in learning, including aptitude and learning measurement, the creative process, and the motivational forces that influence dynamics between students and teachers. Educational psychology is a partly experimental and partly applied branch of psychology, concerned with the optimization of learning. It differs from school psychology, which is an applied field that deals largely with problems in elementary and secondary school systems.  4, fiche 19, Anglais, - educational%20psychology

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Étude fondamentale des problèmes reliés à l'enseignement, à la transmission générale du savoir et au développement des habiletés humaines en référant aux théories et méthodes psychologiques.  3, fiche 19, Français, - psychologie%20%C3%A9ducationnelle

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Social workers should do all they can to demystify the intervention process. This is especially important for clients with limited verbal and other cognitive skills.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - intervention%20process

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Le processus d’intervention visant à améliorer le fonctionnement social de la personne et à l’aider à modifier les éléments significatifs de la situation-problème repose sur une évaluation approfondie de cette situation.  1, fiche 20, Français, - processus%20d%27intervention

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Ambient behavior, or withdrawal, liable to increase distance between the subject and a goal (a physical object, a social partner or a situation).  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - avoidance%20behavior

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Barriers on the way to the goal play a part in avoidance. The intensity of the avoidance behavior is a function of the distance to the goal(avoidance gradient). Avoidance can be a learned reaction to specific situations. It is also... interpreted as an inner ego-protective process(Freud), as an inner process for removal of possibly threatening cognitive patterns, of specially tabooed words... and for protection against painful and persistent stimulation...  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - avoidance%20behavior

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Cette peur [angoisse d'anticipation] engendre fréquemment un comportement d'évitement, c'est-à-dire un refus de fréquenter à nouveau les mêmes endroits [il s'agit d'un agoraphobe].  3, fiche 21, Français, - comportement%20d%27%C3%A9vitement

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faire disparaître le comportement d'évitement.  4, fiche 21, Français, - comportement%20d%27%C3%A9vitement

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Self-categorization is a cognitive process through which a collection of individuals, including the self, become perceived as a single unit. This occurs primarily through contrasts at the group level. For example, a comparison between countries bidding for the Olympic Games makes self-categorization(and self-definition) in terms of one's nationality more likely than self-categorization in terms of, say, gender.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - self%2Dcategorization

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In order for individuals to know how to feel about others, they must first define themselves. They do this through a process of self-categorization (Turner, 1987) in which they classify themselves and others into social categories using characteristics such as organizational membership, age, race, status or religion. These categories permit [individuals to define themselves] in terms of a social identity (Tajfel and Turner, 1986; Ashforth and Mael, 1989).  3, fiche 22, Anglais, - self%2Dcategorization

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La définition d'une identité sociale suit une double voie, l'auto-catégorisation et la comparaison sociale [...] Le mécanisme d'auto-catégorisation est celui par lequel l'individu définit lui-même les groupes auxquels il appartient ainsi que leurs attributs [...] Pour se répertorier, cet individu va passer en revue les différents groupes sociaux avec lesquels il interagit. Il va évaluer dans quelle mesure il est similaire ou différent des attributs qu'il associe au groupe [...]  2, fiche 22, Français, - auto%2Dcat%C3%A9gorisation

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The capacity of human communities to co-operate intellectually in creation, innovation and invention.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - collective%20intelligence

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Collective intelligence... is that which overcomes "groupthink" and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a relatively large number of people to cooperate in one process-leading to reliable action.  3, fiche 23, Anglais, - collective%20intelligence

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Capacité des collectivités humaines de coopérer sur le plan intellectuel pour créer, innover, inventer.  2, fiche 23, Français, - intelligence%20collective

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La notion d'intelligence collective implique celle de communication, de collaboration et de partage de la connaissance.  3, fiche 23, Français, - intelligence%20collective

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The process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting [one’s own] unsuccessful efforts.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - cognitive%20self%2Dregulation

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... the basic principles of cognitive self-regulation [include] the influences of antecedent conditions, actions, thoughts, and feelings in the process of self-regulation...  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - cognitive%20self%2Dregulation

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Il y a autorégulation de l'apprentissage quand un apprenant réfléchit délibérément à ses stratégies, sélectionnant certaines plutôt que d'autres en se fondant sur des prédictions quant à leur capacité à faire progresser vers les buts choisis.  2, fiche 24, Français, - autor%C3%A9gulation%20cognitive

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The high tendency of brain-damaged patients to withdraw from reality can be viewed as a regressive process due to impaired cognitive functioning and emotional constriction.(Psychological status after stroke as measured by the Hand Test, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1977, July, Vol. 33(3), pp. 879-882)  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - emotional%20constriction

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According to Rogers, a defensive process in which experience is altered or disguised so as to be brought into awareness in a form that is consistent and acceptable with the superego or self. More specifically in psychoneurology and cognitive behavior, the process by which information in long-term memory is altered, thus making it inaccurate.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - distortion

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Overall effect of the dream-work: the latent thoughts are transformed into a manifest formation in which they are not easily recognisable. They are not only transposed, as it were, into another key, but they are also distorted in such a fashion that only an effort of interpretation can reconstitute them.  3, fiche 26, Anglais, - distortion

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High fear produces less adherence to recommendations because it is likely to produce responses of denial, distortion and defensive avoidance. A very low level of fear ... does not cause sufficient motivational anxiety.  4, fiche 26, Anglais, - distortion

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Liddle (1987) described a three-syndrome model comprised of reality distortion, psychomotor poverty and disorganization symptom clusters ... [Source: PASCAL database].  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - distortion

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Related terms: dream-work, manifest content, latent content.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - distortion

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Les recommandations qui font appel à un degré élevé de peur ne sont pas écoutées; en effet il est probable qu'elles provoqueront une opposition, une déformation et un refus défensif.  1, fiche 26, Français, - d%C3%A9formation

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Termes connexes : travail du rêve, contenu manifeste, contenu latent.  2, fiche 26, Français, - d%C3%A9formation

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A device used in decision counselling process.  3, fiche 27, Anglais, - cognitive%20modeling

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By cognitive process modeling, I mean those factors necessary for a person to learn a domain or for a teacher to teach in that same domain.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - cognitive%20modeling

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Cognitif: Qualifie les processus par lesquels un organisme acquiert des informations sur l'environnement et les élabore pour régler son comportement: perception, formation de concepts, raisonnement, langage, décision, pensée.  2, fiche 27, Français, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20cognitive

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Voir modèle cognitif, modèle de processus cognitif.  3, fiche 27, Français, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20cognitive

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in the philosophy of John Dewey and in experimentalism generally, the basic quality of life in its raw concreteness, a process of "beings and havings, ""doing and undergoing, ""suffering and enjoying"; to be distinguished from cognitive experience and reflection.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - primary%20experience

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Expérience immédiate, directement vécue des phénomènes, par opposition à leur représentation mentale.  1, fiche 28, Français, - exp%C3%A9rience%20primaire

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A computer which understands at the level of cognitive understanding will be able to do some of the following things : learn or change as a result of its experiences; relate present experiences to past experiences intelligently; formulate new information for itself-come to its own conclusions based on experience; explain itself-say why it made the connections it did, and what thought process was involved in reaching a conclusion.  3, fiche 29, Anglais, - cognitive%20computer

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Machines d'un genre nouveau, conçues pour "raisonner" plutôt que calculer, et cela à un vitesse mille fois supérieure à celle que permettent les plus puissants ordinateurs actuels, qui sont optimisés pour le calcul numérique.  2, fiche 29, Français, - ordinateur%20cognitif

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Terme communiqué par le prof Guy Lapalme (Département d'intelligence artificielle, Université de Montréal).  3, fiche 29, Français, - ordinateur%20cognitif

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ordinateur cognitif : Désignation proposée par R. Schank en 1984 pour les machines IA évoluées.  1, fiche 29, Français, - ordinateur%20cognitif

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capable of dealing with cognitive as well as motor tasks... [it is]... one popular... very effective approach to task analysis... [it] is a process where the analyst works towards establishing an acceptable task description to guide the collection and organization of task information.  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - hierarchical%20task%20analysis

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in a hierarchical approach [to task analysis] the task is analysed by breaking it into task elements or goals which become increasingly detailed as the hierarchy progresses  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - hierarchical%20task%20analysis

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[...] méthode [d'analyse] permettant l'identification des différents buts nécessaires pour réaliser une tâche donnée, ainsi que la manière dont ces buts sont articulés pour contribuer à l'obtention de l'objectif global de la tâche.  1, fiche 30, Français, - analyse%20hi%C3%A9rarchique%20des%20t%C3%A2ches

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frame: equivalent to "item", "step". The smallest component in a learning program. A frame contains ... a piece of information, a call for a response, a report back to the learner [patient] as to the correctness of his response, [or] instructions regarding further stages of the program ....  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - reframing

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... individual counselling techniques. Expected response: self-monitoring, journal keeping, cognitive restructuring, reframing, goal-setting, reading, mood management.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - reframing

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Reframing classroom research... Women, girls & psychotherapy : reframing resistance... the process of reframing in strategic, Milan and analytic therapy... to examine reframing as a generic process in therapy... to depersonalize the process of reframing... reframing the therapeutic environment... a treatment package that included breathing retraining, muscle relaxation, cognitive reframing... Acceptance, positive reframing, and use of religion were the most common coping reactions... the results of 5 problem pairs that contrast otherwise identical options framed either in terms of a gain from the status quo or as the restoration of a previously experienced loss and one control problem pair for which such reframing was not possible... [Source : PASCAL database].  3, fiche 31, Anglais, - reframing

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Rôle du thérapeute [...] Il replace les affirmations et les croyances des individus dans une nouvelle perspective, pour leur permettre d'aboutir à une nouvelle définition de la relation et, donc, des problèmes qui en découlent. Ces recadrages peuvent parfois être volontairement paradoxaux, à des fins thérapeutiques.  1, fiche 31, Français, - recadrage

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Vocabulaire Rint-Nouvelles Technologies de l'information, 1994.  2, fiche 32, Français, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20de%20processus%20cognitif

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By giving a cognitive enhancer, with minimal side effects, to people without a mental deficit, they may end up with cognitive credit, i. e. smarter. Some elements within the scientific establishment continue to deny the potential of cognitive enhancers. They believe that the optimal brain cannot be improved upon by throwing in, a "chemical spanner". But optimal memory can be improved, for example, by employing "mnemonics", which is as "artificial" as a chemical lift from a pill. Would they also resist cognitive enhancement by other artificial methods such as food-a "chemical spanner" if ever there was one-and education? The United States Congress has declared the 1990s the "Decade of the Brain". Smart drugs will, if regulated, treat a recently officially recognized disease, the Age-Associated Memory Impairment(AAMI)-a noticeable mental decline due to the normal ageing process. A futures analyst, Decision Resources, predicts that smart drugs could benefit 600 million people this decade, including 60 million people with AAMI, 20 million students who want to improve scholastic performance, and 270 million people hoping to improve their efficiency at work(Suppl. The World in 1994).  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - cognitive%20enhancement

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See "cognitive enhancer".  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - cognitive%20enhancement

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amélioration: fait de devenir meilleur, plus satisfaisant. Voir améliorant.  2, fiche 33, Français, - am%C3%A9lioration%20neuro%2Dcognitive

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The psychology of spatial perception has been dominated by two main kinds of theory : that the perception of spatial relations is based on visual and perhaps other sensations, and in contrast that it is a cognitive process involving visual information...  2, fiche 34, Anglais, - spatial%20perception%20test

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(...) des études psychométriques réalisées selon trois critères, perception spatiale, raisonnement mathématique et vitesse de perception, ont indiqué que les femmes qui ont de faibles taux relatifs de testostérone réussissent mieux des tests de perception spatiale que les femmes qui en ont de plus forts taux (les femmes aussi sécrètent de la testostérone, quoique en quantités très inférieures à celle des hommes).  1, fiche 34, Français, - test%20de%20perception%20spatiale

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What level of understanding can we hope to successfully make computers reach in the next ten years? The answer is somewhere in the middle of the spectrum : making sense-cognitive understanding-complete empathy. A computer which understands at the level of cognitive understanding will be able to do some of the following things : learn or change as result of its experience, relate present experiences to past experiences intelligently, formulate new information for itself, explain itself-say why it made the connections it did, and what thought process was involved in reaching a conclusion.  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - cognitive%20understanding

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The process of relating stimuli to a cognitive context.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - perceptual%20interpretation

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