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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Root damage from the cold can vary from mild to severe, and in extreme cases, the only solution will be [a] complete tree removal.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - root%20damage

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

winter root damage  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - root%20damage

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les dommages racinaires causés par le gel en pépinière peuvent affecter la performance des semis après la plantation.  1, fiche 1, Français, - dommage%20racinaire

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dommage racinaire; dommage aux racines; blessure aux racines; endommagement racinaire; endommagement des racines : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  4, fiche 1, Français, - dommage%20racinaire

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of cold damage produced at temperatures above the freezing point in some fruits and vegetables.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - chilling%20damage

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mainly affects tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. Also affects some temperate-zone vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and snap beans).  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - chilling%20damage

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chilling damage: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - chilling%20damage

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Endommagement causé par le froid, produit à des températures situées au-dessus du point de congélation dans quelques fruits et légumes.  1, fiche 2, Français, - endommagement%20de%20r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cet endommagement affecte notamment les fruits et légumes tropicaux et subtropicaux. Il affecte également certains légumes des zones tempérées (par exemple les tomates, les piments et les concombres).  1, fiche 2, Français, - endommagement%20de%20r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

endommagement de réfrigération : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, fiche 2, Français, - endommagement%20de%20r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Daño causado por la exposición prolongada de un producto (principalmente frutas y hortalizas tropicales y subtropicales), a temperaturas inferiores al punto óptimo de conservación.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - da%C3%B1o%20por%20fr%C3%ADo

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The plasma spray process is basically the spraying of molten or heat softened material onto a surface to provide a coating. Material in the form of powder is injected into a very high temperature plasma flame, where it is rapidly heated and accelerated to a high velocity. The hot material impacts on the substrate surface and rapidly cools forming a coating. This plasma spray process carried out correctly is called a "cold process"(relative to the substrate material being coated) as the substrate temperature can be kept low during processing avoiding damage, metallurgical changes and distortion to the substrate material.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - plasma%20spray%20process

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plasma spray process: term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - plasma%20spray%20process

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mettre au point un nouveau procédé de projection plasma permettant de réaliser sur des substrats d'alliage d'aluminium des dépôts composites ayant une dureté superficielle élevée tout en améliorant leur comportement mécanique (frottement faible et résistance à usure élevée).  4, fiche 3, Français, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20par%20projection%20plasma

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

procédé par projection plasma : terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI).  5, fiche 3, Français, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20par%20projection%20plasma

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fixed fan or helicopter used during stable atmospheric conditions to prevent frost damage to orchards, vineyards, etc., by producing turbulent mixing of the higher, warmer air layers with the cold air near the ground.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - frost%20fan

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ventilateur fixe ou hélicoptère utilisé dans des conditions atmosphériques stables pour prévenir les dégâts occasionnés par le gel aux vergers, vignobles, etc., grâce au brassage turbulent des couches d'air supérieures plus chaudes avec l'air froid voisin du sol.  1, fiche 4, Français, - ventilateur%20contre%20le%20gel

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ventilador fijo o helicóptero utilizado en condiciones estables de la atmósfera para evitar los daños de la helada en árboles frutales, viñedos, etc. Actúa al producir una mezcla turbulenta entre las capas de aire caliente superiores y las cercanas al suelo más frías.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - ventilador%20contra%20las%20heladas

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A thermal relief valve is similar to a regular system relief valve; however, such valves are installed in parts of the hydraulic system where fluid pressure is trapped and may need to be relieved because of the increase caused by higher temperatures. During the flight of an airplane, it is quite likely that fluid in many of the hydraulic lines will be at a low temperature. When the airplane lands, this cold fluid will be trapped in the landing-gear system, the flap system, and other systems, because selector valves are in the neutral or OFF position. The fluid-temperature increase owing to warm air on the ground results in fluid expansion and could cause damage unless thermal relief valves are adjusted to pressures which are above those required for the operation of the systems; hence they do not interfere with normal operation.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - thermal%20relief%20valve

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Thermal relief valve of the flight spoiler actuators.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - thermal%20relief%20valve

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La perte de liquide hydraulique avait été provoquée par un criquage sur la circonférence du bouchon en aluminium [...] de la soupape d'expansion thermique de la servocommande du déporteur vol n° 7.  2, fiche 5, Français, - soupape%20d%27expansion%20thermique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

soupape d'expansion thermique : terme uniformisé par les Comités d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance et Opérations aériennes.  3, fiche 5, Français, - soupape%20d%27expansion%20thermique

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rare virus that normally causes only minor flu-like infections in people, but has the ability to kill human cancer cells leaving non-cancerous cells intact. It sometimes infects cattle, causing temporary blisters on the lip such as cold sores, but does no lasting damage.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - vesicular%20stomatitis%20virus

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the laboratory, the VSV has destroyed a wide variety of cancer cells: melanoma, lung, colon, breast and protate cancers and leukemia.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - vesicular%20stomatitis%20virus

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

We have been studying effects on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), an RNA virus, and on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus. With VSV we have shown that transcription of the infecting RNA molecule, the primary transcription step, is inhibited, thus amplification of viral RNA is prevented.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - vesicular%20stomatitis%20virus

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enveloppe du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV), également utilisée, permet quant à elle le transfert de gènes vers des cellules d'une origine autre que mammifère, comme les cellules de poisson ou d'insecte.  1, fiche 6, Français, - virus%20de%20la%20stomatite%20v%C3%A9siculaire

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus de la familia Rhabdoviridae, del género vesiculovirus, del que se reconocen dos serotipos [...] New Jersey (NJ) e Indiana (I), de acuerdo con el lugar de origen de los primeros aislamientos caracterizados inmunológicamente.  2, fiche 6, Espagnol, - virus%20de%20estomatitis%20vesicular

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El virus infecta en forma natural a mamiferos domésticos y silvestres. [...] principalmente a cerdos, caballos y bovinos, produciendo vesículas y erosiones en la boca, rodete coronario y pezones, especialmente en vacas en producción.  3, fiche 6, Espagnol, - virus%20de%20estomatitis%20vesicular

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La presencia del virus de la estomatitis vesicular (VEV), parece limitada al hemisferio occidental, especialmente a países que bordean el mar Caribe como México, Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela.  2, fiche 6, Espagnol, - virus%20de%20estomatitis%20vesicular

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Branding animals by depigmentation of the hair coat with supercooled instruments.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - cryobranding

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Freeze Branding Cattle. Freeze branding, also known as CryoBranding was developed at Washington State University by Dr. R. Keith Farrell in 1966. This method of branding with extremely cold irons is characterized by white hair replacing the natural hair coat in the branded area of cattle... Freeze branding destroys the natural pigments in hair thus producing the growth of white hair. This relatively painless method of branding reduces hide damage and can be used to completely remove the hair if the irons are held on the animal long enough. Such a method may be used on white-haired animals.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - cryobranding

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de marquage des animaux, surtout utilisé pour les bovins, qui consiste, chez les sujets à robe colorée, à appliquer un fer refroidi à l'azote liquide pour provoquer une chute des poils et la repousse de poils depigmentés.  4, fiche 7, Français, - cryomarquage

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El mercado en caliente, sin embargo, puede emplearse de forma cómoda y exitosa en la base del cuerno del antílope. El marcado en frío por otro lado, parece ser algo menos traumático para los tejidos.  4, fiche 7, Espagnol, - marcaci%C3%B3n%20en%20fr%C3%ADo

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frost that occurs when the temperature is 28°F (2°C) or lower.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - killer%20frost

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A Killing Frost is a frost severe enough to end the growing season.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - killer%20frost

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Any gardener knows that cold weather causes extensive damage to crops, which is the basis of the phrase "killer frost".  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - killer%20frost

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It may kill plants, cause damage to crops or end the growing season.  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - killer%20frost

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On parle de gel meurtrier lorsque la gelée peut mettre fin à la croissance des plantes.  2, fiche 9, Français, - gel%20meurtrier

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Selon les cultures, il est essentiel de tenir compte des dates du dernier gel printanier et du premier gel automnal. Par exemple, le pommier doit profiter d'une saison de croissance de 135 jours sans gel et de 140 à 145 jours sans gel meurtrier (-2 °C).  3, fiche 9, Français, - gel%20meurtrier

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gel ne désigne d'abord que «le fait de geler, d'être gelé»; il évoque surtout les manifestations du phénomène météorologique désigné sous le nom de gelée.  4, fiche 9, Français, - gel%20meurtrier

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radiant frosts occur when large amounts of clear, dry air moves into an area and there is almost no cloud cover at night. During these times, the plants, soil, and other objects which are warmer than the very cold night sky will "radiate" their own heat back to space and become progressively colder. In fact, the plants cool(by radiating their heat) themselves to the point that they can cause their own damage. The plant tissues which are directly exposed to the sky become the coldest. These radiation losses can cause the buds, blossoms, twigs, leaves, etc. to become 1-2°C colder than the surrounding air which radiates very little of its heat.... The amount of heat lost to wind drift is often at least equal to radiative heat losses that are in the range of 10 to 30 watts per square meter(W/m²) or more. Consequently, the replacement heat must be greater than the sum of both radiative and advective heat losses during "successful" frost protection activities...  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - radiative%20heat%20loss

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les techniques de lutte curative ou de lutte active consistent à modifier le bilan énergétique au moment du gel, soit en limitant les pertes de chaleurs par rayonnement, soit en les compensant par des apports de chaleur. Ces techniques de lutte peuvent se réaliser de différentes manières : - Par écrans solides placés au-dessus des cultures fragiles pour leur envoyer un rayonnement sensiblement égal à celui qu'elles émettent.  1, fiche 10, Français, - perte%20de%20chaleur%20par%20rayonnement

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trees can suffer sunburn, particularly those with smooth bark like beech or birch, necrosis of inner bark tissue, and wilting and browning of foliage. Frost, or extreme or prolonged cold weather can also inflict damage on forest trees. Tip burn, scorching, reddening or blackening of foliage and young growth is typical.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - young%20growth

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compression wrap : Elastic soft pouch holds the flexgel cold [or hot] pack in place and can be easily adjusted to a comfortable level of compression. The mesh side of the wrap, when used against the body, yields maximum heat transfer and virtually eliminates the risk of frostbite or tissue damage. Convenient adjustable self-stick closure... adjustable compression wrap for : Neck, back, arm, elbow, leg, knee, ankle or wherever you need relief.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - compression%20wrap

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot and cold compression wrap.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - cold%20compression%20wrap

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compression wrap : Elastic soft pouch holds the flexgel cold [or hot] pack in place and can be easily adjusted to a comfortable level of compression. The mesh side of the wrap, when used against the body, yields maximum heat transfer and virtually eliminates the risk of frostbite or tissue damage. Convenient adjustable self-stick closure... adjustable compression wrap for : Neck, back, arm, elbow, leg, knee, ankle or wherever you need relief.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - cold%20compression%20wrap

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot and cold compression wrap.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - hot%20compression%20wrap

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compression wrap : Elastic soft pouch holds the flexgel cold [or hot] pack in place and can be easily adjusted to a comfortable level of compression. The mesh side of the wrap, when used against the body, yields maximum heat transfer and virtually eliminates the risk of frostbite or tissue damage. Convenient adjustable self-stick closure... adjustable compression wrap for : Neck, back, arm, elbow, leg, knee, ankle or wherever you need relief.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - hot%20compression%20wrap

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The mechanisms of local cold injuries can be divided into phenomena that affect cells and extracellular fluids(direct effects) and those that disrupt the function of the organized tissues and the integrity of the circulation(indirect effect). Generally, no serious damage is seen until tissue freezing occurs.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - local%20cold%20injury

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Gelures légères et graves, hypothermie accidentelle, exposition au froid, pied d'immersion ou des tranchées, engelures, pernion). Ce sont des lésions dues au froid provoquant des altérations de la structure et des fonctions des petits vaisseaux sanguins, des cellules, des nerfs et de la peau, ou un abaissement généralisé de la température corporelle.  1, fiche 15, Français, - l%C3%A9sion%20due%20au%20froid

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a lubricant is desired, use water-based or silicone-based lubricants. Do not use oil-based products, such as those made with petroleum jelly, mineral oil, vegetable oil, or cold cream, as these may damage the condom.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - oil%2Dbased%20product

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par analogie avec lubrifiant à base d'huile.  1, fiche 16, Français, - produit%20%C3%A0%20base%20d%27huile

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol