TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The length of the trial was approximately evenly divided between non-expert testimony and expert testimony. The non-expert evidence included, among other matters, whether the partnership carried on a business, and, if so, whether it was carried on with a reasonable expectation of profit("REOP"), whether the parties were at arm's length and whether certain debt was contingent or not. A substantial portion of the non-expert evidence related to the REOP. The expert evidence related to the valuation of the computer programs as at the end of 1993.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - non%2Dexpert%20testimony

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method for determining the monetary value of an option or clinical outcome by means of surveys in which people are presented with situations and asked what the maximum price is that they would be willing to pay for this option or clinical outcome.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - contingent%20valuation

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contingent valuation : term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment(HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - contingent%20valuation

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode visant à déterminer la valeur pécuniaire d'une option ou d'un résultat clinique au moyen de sondages qui consistent à présenter des situations aux personnes concernées et à leur demander le prix maximal qu'elles seraient disposées à payer pour cette option ou ce résultat clinique.  1, fiche 2, Français, - %C3%A9valuation%20contingente

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

évaluation contingente; méthode d'évaluation contingente : termes et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, fiche 2, Français, - %C3%A9valuation%20contingente

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method based on a hypothetical market and using survey techniques to determine the willingness of people to pay for a specific improvement in the environment, so as to estimate the shape of a hypothetical demand curve.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - contingent%20valuation%20method

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contingent valuation methods(CVM) are being used increasingly; they employ a direct method of valuing benefits associated with parks and protected areas. The method consists of surveying selected populations to ask individuals what they are willing to pay(WTP) for the environmental good being assessed or what they are willing to accept as compensation(WTA) for the loss of the environmental good. The "environmental good" must be defined by the surveyor and frequently involves a bundle of goods such as access to a protected area(for compatible uses), specific recreational activities, or experiences associated with a visit to a protected area.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - contingent%20valuation%20method

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le but des méthodes économiques d'évaluation de l'environnement est de suppléer au marché en révélant les préférences des individus à travers un marché "vert", vrai ou hypothétique. Les unes travaillent directement, par exemple par questionnaire - c'est le cas de la Contingent Valuation Methode (CVM), ou méthode des "enchères". Les autres interviennent indirectement, c'est-à-dire par le biais de quelqu'autre révélateur des préférences, par exemple par le biais du prix de certains biens sur le marché dont l'environnement est considéré comme un attribut.  2, fiche 3, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20des%20contingences

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent formulé par analogie avec «closed-ended contingent valuation/évaluation des contingences en forme de gestion fermée» dans une enquête statistique.  1, fiche 3, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20des%20contingences

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are several technical methods which are related to CVM [contingent valuation methods] but which are increasingly viewed as distinct from CVM, called discrete choice methods. They are different from CVM in that "instead of eliciting willingness to pay for the environmental good or service in a specified "state", the [methods] offer respondents a series of choice tasks among hypothesized alternatives which describe a wider range of "states" by altering various levels of several attributes, among which price is merely one attribute". These are new methods and are not as well known or accepted as CVM approaches. Two of the emerging methods are titled-discrete choice modeling and discrete choice experiments(DCE). Discrete choice experiments is a more recent and comprehensive form. It employs multivariat analysis to determine respondent choices and the relationship between different levels of attributes. An experiment is constructed : based on multi-attribute profiles of an environmental good or service(e. g. recreation experience, management or policy options) by systematically altering the attributes in each of the profiles. These profiles are presented to respondents who evaluate two(or more) simultaneously. The evaluation typically involves choosing the most preferred option or allocating a preference rating(perhaps measured by the number of trips) against each option. The results of this experiment are then analyzed statistically to generate measures of preference(or utility) and probabilities of choice for the different scenarios.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - discrete%20choice%20experiment

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent formulé par analogie avec «méthode des choix discrets» et «modélisation des choix discrets».  1, fiche 4, Français, - exp%C3%A9rience%20avec%20choix%20discrets

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are four main methods for deriving personal benefit estimates : 1) benefits transfer; 2) contingent valuation, 3) discrete choice and 4) travel cost. These methods are sometimes grouped according to their source of data : revealed preferences and stated preferences. The first falls within neither group, while the second and third are stated preference methods and the travel cost is a revealed preference method.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - stated%20preference

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Appliquées dans des centaines d'études à travers le monde anglo-saxon, mais relativement peu en France, les techniques de préférences déclarées ont connu un développement important lié à la fois aux avancées dans le domaine de la modélisation des choix discrets, à l'avènement des micro-ordinateurs portables et à l'impossibilité pour les systèmes d'information classiques transports (enquêtes structurelles, panels...), basés implicitement sur des préférences révélées et non sur des méthodes contingentes, d'apporter un éclairage sur de nouveaux biens ou services.  1, fiche 5, Français, - pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence%20d%C3%A9clar%C3%A9e

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are several technical methods which are related to CVM [contingent valuation methods] but which are increasingly viewed as distinct from CVM, called discrete choice methods. They are different from CVM in that "instead of eliciting willingness to pay for the environmental good or service in a specified "state", the [methods] offer respondents a series of choice tasks among hypothesized alternatives which describe a wider range of "states" by altering various levels of several attributes, among which price is merely one attribute". These are new methods and are not as well known or accepted as CVM approaches. Two of the emerging methods are titled-discrete choice modeling and discrete choice experiments(DCE). Discrete choice modeling is a technique used to derive a demand curve for an area based on different combinations of "discrete choices". A large sample is usually required to undertake this analysis where respondents are asked to select one choice("bundle of goods and services" related to the protected area with a price associated with it) over another choice. The results of this analysis produces a demand curve which can be used to estimate the value of benefits.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - discrete%20choice%20modeling

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Appliquées dans des centaines d'études à travers le monde anglo-saxon, mais relativement peu en France, les techniques de préférences déclarées ont connu un développement important lié à la fois aux avancées dans le domaine de la modélisation des choix discrets, à l'avènement des micro-ordinateurs portables et à l'impossibilité pour les systèmes d'information classiques transports (enquêtes structurelles, panels...), basés implicitement sur des préférences révélées et non sur les méthodes contingentes, d'apporter un éclairage sur de nouveaux biens ou services.  1, fiche 6, Français, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20des%20choix%20discrets

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are four main methods for deriving personal benefit estimates : 1) benefits transfer, 2) contingent valuation, 3) discrete choice and 4) travel cost. These methods are sometimes grouped according to their source of data : revealed preferences and stated preferences. The first falls within neither group, while the second and third are stated preference methods and the travel cost is a revealed preference method.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - discrete%20choice%20method

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent formulé par analogie avec «modélisation des choix discrets».  1, fiche 7, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20choix%20discrets

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans une enquête statistique.  1, fiche 8, Français, - %C3%A9valuation%20des%20contingences%20en%20forme%20de%20gestions%20ferm%C3%A9es

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The report considers valuation problems involving claims other than those owing by Crown corporations controlled by the government and concluded that valuation adjustments or provisions should be made wherever there are contingent forgiveness clauses, or past experience on which to base the valuation adjustments.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - valuation%20adjustment

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Loans, investments and advances are initially recorded at cost and are then subject to annual valuation adjustments to reflect estimated worth at the end of each fiscal year, whether realized or not.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - valuation%20adjustment

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol