TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Through goal processing, a node forms knowledge source instantiations(KSIs) that represent potential KS applications on specific hypotheses to satisfy certain goals.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - knowledge%20source%20instantiation

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A search in which a complete plan for reaching the goal is formed at each node before moving on to any lower-level node.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - length%2Dfirst%20search

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a node in a graph that meets defined criteria for success or termination.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - goal%20node

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A search that requires taking repeated steps through the multidimensional space to the minimum.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - hill%20climbing

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hill climbing is depth-first search with a heuristic measurement that orders choices as nodes are expanded. The numbers beside the nodes are straight-line distances to the goal node.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - hill%20climbing

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Variance de la recherche en profondeur, améliorée par une heuristique d'orientation vers les successeurs les plus prometteurs. Pour chaque nœud candidat, l'heuristique mesure la distance à parcourir. Dès qu'elle rencontre un maximum local, l'escalade risque de prendre pour optimale une solution qui ne l'est pas vraiment.  2, fiche 4, Français, - escalade

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La stratégie d'escalade [...] combine la recherche en profondeur d'abord et une heuristique d'orientation. Le terme escalade souligne l'analogie avec un alpiniste qui cherche à atteindre le sommet de la montagne. Cette méthode peut conduire à une solution non optimale dans le cas où elle trouve un maximum local. Elle a donc tendance à confondre colline et montagne.  3, fiche 4, Français, - escalade

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

P.H. Winston l'illustre par la situation suivante : lors d'une excursion à la montagne, un dense brouillard vous surprend à mi-chemin. Sans carte, ni sentier visible, votre boussole et la volonté d'arriver au but seront vos seuls guides vers le sommet.  2, fiche 4, Français, - escalade

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each goal in the initial hierarchy has a height. The lowest terminal nodes are at height 0. Their parents are at height 1, and so on up the tree. The height of the root node is the height of the tree, which we call H.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - height

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure des niveaux d'un graphe ou d'une hiérarchie à partir des feuilles-nœuds terminaux jusqu'à la racine ou tête, c'est-à-dire dans un sens contraire à celui de la profondeur.  2, fiche 5, Français, - hauteur

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An approach in which, starting with the root node, the nodes in the search tree are generated and examined level by level (before proceeding deeper). This approach is guaranteed to find an optimal solution if it exists.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - breadth%2Dfirst%20search

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A search that expands a tree level by level. First, all root children are generated. If the goal node is not found among these, then level 2 is generated, and so on.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - breadth%2Dfirst%20search

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

breadth-first search: term standardized by ISO and CSA.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - breadth%2Dfirst%20search

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recherche poursuivie sur tous les successeurs d'un état avant qu'un de leurs successeurs ne soit développé.  4, fiche 6, Français, - recherche%20en%20largeur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

recherche en largeur; recherche en largeur d'abord : termes normalisés par ISO/CEI et la CSA.  5, fiche 6, Français, - recherche%20en%20largeur

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One solution is to generate the graph node by node. A complete reasoning path is generated until it either reaches the goal or hits a dead end. If it hits a dead end, the next path is generated, and so on.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - reasoning%20path

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is necessary for the student to ask an exhaustive series of questions, if he is to discover all of the reasoning paths considered by the program.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - reasoning%20path

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

When expert reasoning paths are not unique or a limited window into the student’s thinking prevents monitoring each step of a chain of reasoning, how is the tutor to apportion credit and blame for the student’s observable behavior among the different knowledge sources?  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - reasoning%20path

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

L'enchaînement des connaissances qui a permis de conclure.  2, fiche 7, Français, - parcours%20de%20raisonnement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Distinct de la trace de raisonnement.  1, fiche 7, Français, - parcours%20de%20raisonnement

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a special goals window reminds the student about the current goal in solving the problem.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - goals%20window

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A ... Goals window reminds the student about the current goal in the problem-solving.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - goals%20window

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... a "goal window" was included in which a student was required to "post" the goal(s) she was working on before selecting operators.... An open box around a node indicates the goal currently being worked on, and a closed box... indicates that a goal has been satisfied.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - goals%20window

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... goal-posting improved problem-solving performance ... we should include a goal window in our problem-solving environments and ... this will facilitate student learning... ...how can the information provided by interactions with a goal window be used by an ITS [intelligent tutoring system] to carry on discussions about the student’s goals? ... The student’s progress through the plans is automatically marked in the goal window (the tick indicating achieved plans, the arrow pointing to the current goal).  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - goals%20window

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Espace-écran dans lequel sont affichés, à l'intention de l'apprenant, les buts visés par l'exercice de résolution de problème en cours.  2, fiche 8, Français, - zone%20d%27affichage%20des%20buts

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For every pair of ancestor-successor nodes, the goal of the ancestor from which the path to the successor starts is called the successor node.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - ancestor%20goal

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol