TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM) encompasses several techniques for studying surface properties of materials at the atomic to micron scale. It measures surface structure and produces images with three-dimensional information. It measures surface roughness and maps the surface based on atomic force, friction, magnetic field, relative stiffness, or electric field gradient. Typical applications : 1. Studying surface of optical components(especially mirrors) [;] 2. Mapping of magnetic properties of tapes[;] 3. Measuring surface pit depth and width. Mode of operation : An atomically sharp tip, held at the end of a cantilever, is scanned in a regular pattern across a surface. As the tip probes the surface, the interaction between the surface and tip is measured using a laser-based system.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - scanning%20probe%20microscope

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement d'une famille d’outils d’analyse s'est poursuivie avec la réalisation du système SONOS, microscope-sonde à balayage (SPM), exploitable jusque dans le domaine des nanotechnologies, qui pourrait déboucher sur des premières applications destinées à l’ISS [Station spatiale internationale] avant d’être utilisé pour les missions d’exploration extraterrestre.  1, fiche 1, Français, - microscope%2Dsonde%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Los microscopios de sonda de barrido [...] utilizan una sonda que rastrea físicamente la muestra que se pretende estudiar. La sonda se mueve mecánicamente y recorre toda la muestra detectando cierta interacción que se produce entre ambas en cada posición, lo que permitirá la construcción de una imagen topográfica de ésta. Tienen resolución nanométrica, trabajan en condiciones normales de presión y temperatura y, frente a otros tipos de microscopios, no requieren apenas preparación de la muestra.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - microscopio%20de%20sonda%20de%20barrido

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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"Average gradient" of air survey film is defined as follows : the lower point M is located on the characteristic curve where the net density is 0. 30. With point M as center an arc is described with radius equal to 1. 5 on the Log E or density scale. The intersection of this arc with the characteristic curve determines the upper point N. The average gradient is the slope of the line MN.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - average%20gradient

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Photographie. Contraste d'une émulsion, pente de la courbe qui représente le cologarithme du facteur de transmission (densité optique) en fonction du logarithme de l'éclairement.  1, fiche 2, Français, - contraste

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution (-log₁₀[H⁺]) used as a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of this solution.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - pH

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Roughly, pH can be divided into the following ranges: pH 0-2: Strongly acidic; pH 3-5: Weakly acidic; pH 6-8: Neutral; pH 9-11: Weakly basic; pH 12-14: Strongly basic. Under the Controlled Products Regulations, materials with pH values of 0-2 or 11.5-14 may be classified corrosive.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - pH

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A pH of 7 is regarded as neutral (pure water), a pH less than 7 corresponds to an acid solution and a pH greater than 7 corresponds to an alkaline solution.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - pH

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It should be noted that the pH scale is a logarithmic scale; a substance with a pH of 4 is more than twice as acid as a substance with a pH of 5. Similarly, a substance with a pH of 9 is much more than twice as alkaline as a substance with a pH of 8.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - pH

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

pH buffer solution, control, decline, diagram, electrode, gradient, indicator, limit, measurement, meter, modifier, probe, range, scale, unit, value.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - pH

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indice exprimant l'activité (ou la concentration) de l'ion hydrogène dans une solution à l'aide d'une échelle logarithmique.  5, fiche 3, Français, - pH

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Si le pH est inférieur à 7, la solution est acide; s'il est supérieur, elle est alcaline.  5, fiche 3, Français, - pH

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valeur de pH.  6, fiche 3, Français, - pH

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Cologaritmo de la concentración de iones hidrógeno en una solución (-log₁₀[H⁺]) utilizado como medida del grado de acidez o alcalinidad de esta solución.  3, fiche 3, Espagnol, - pH

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Un pH de 7 se considera neutro (agua pura), un pH inferior a 7 corresponde a una solución ácida y un pH superior a 7 a una solución alcalina.  3, fiche 3, Espagnol, - pH

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valor de pH.  4, fiche 3, Espagnol, - pH

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A random exchange of fluid parcels on any scale from the molecular to the largest eddy. The presumption of randomness implies that any conservative property within the area of mixing is equalized and the gradient thereof is destroyed. The process of mixing is thus irreversible; turbulence enlarges the scale of the mixing parcels and thereby increases the rate of mixing.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - mixing

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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La turbulence atmosphérique dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère ou «mouvement tourbillonnaire» est le mécanisme qui réalise pratiquement la diffusion atmosphérique. Elle provoque un mélange intense des diverses couches d'air dans toutes les directions, ce qui entraîne la dilution de la parcelle d'air polluée et par conséquent la diminution de sa teneur en polluant.  3, fiche 4, Français, - m%C3%A9lange

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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the maximum sensitivity of the instrument with the normal field and gradient probe is 1nd per scale division for full scale deflection.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - full%20scale%20deflection

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The interpretation is that we can expect to have reasonable success in predicting short-term, spatially limited changes to individuals or specific populations as a result of direct physical effects. In other words, by combining the results of experimental laboratory and field studies involving the elements on the left side of the gradient scale, it may be possible to quantitatively predict, with a useful degree of accuracy, non-chronic direct impacts.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - non%2Dchronic%20direct%20impact

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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"Impact direct" : Effet direct, qualifiable et en général mesurable, sur l'environnement de l'implantation, de la construction, de l'exploitation et de l'entretien d'un projet. C'est le premier impact qui découle de l'implantation d'un projet.  3, fiche 6, Français, - incidence%20directe%20%C3%A0%20court%20terme

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Les impacts s'évaluent du point de vue de leur durée (à court, à moyen, à long terme; temporaire, permanente, etc.), de leur importance (forte, faible, positive, négative, bénéfique, nuisible, etc.) et de leur envergure (locale, régionale, etc.)  3, fiche 6, Français, - incidence%20directe%20%C3%A0%20court%20terme

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The interpretation is that we can expect to have reasonable success in predicting short-term, spatially limited changes to individuals or specific population as a result of direct physical effects. In other words, by combining the results of experimental laboratory and field studies involving the elements on the left side of the gradient scale, it may be possible to quantitatively predict, with a useful degree of accuracy, non-chronic direct impacts.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - short%2Dterm%20change

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The interpretation is that we can expect to have reasonable success in predicting short-term, spatially limited changes to individuals or specific populations as a result of direct physical effects. In other words, by combining the results of experimental laboratory and field studies involving the elements on the left side of the gradient scale, it may be possible to quantitatively predict, with a useful degree of accuracy, non-chronic direct impacts.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - gradient%20scale

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The interpretation is that we can expect to have reasonable success in predicting short-term, spatially limited changes to individuals or specific populations as a result of direct physical effects. In other words, by combining the results of experimental laboratory and field studies involving the elements on the left side of the gradient scale, it may be possible to quantitatively predict, with a useful degree of accuracy, non-chronic direct impacts.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - direct%20physical%20effect

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol