TERMIUM Plus^®

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In opposition to Chomsky, who(as I noted) pays little attention to how his derivations might be realized by an individual speaker operating under "real-world" constraints, Bresnan and her colleagues have fashioned a perspective designed to illuminate how an individual will perceive or produce language. In her lexical-functional theory, there is no transformational component. The information traditionally embedded in the syntactic components is now placed in the individual' s lexicon-one's knowledge of specific words. Lexical-functional grammar provides each sentence with two structures : a constituent structure, which is similar to a surface structure(or phrase-marker tree) in the standard theory of Chomsky; and a functional structure, which includes all the grammatical relations relevant to the semantic interpretation of the sentence. The functional structure is generated by annotated phrase-structure rules working in conjunction with lexical entries for the various morphemes in a sentence.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - lexical%2Dfunctional%20theory

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Grammaire qui introduit dans un modèle authentiquement linguistique des procédés de gestion dynamique des structures issues de l'informatique. (Technique et Science Informatiques 5, 2, 1986, 111).  2, fiche 1, Français, - grammaire%20fonctionnelle%2Dlexicale

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Grammaire lexicale-fonctionnelle, appelée parfois grammaire d'unification.  3, fiche 1, Français, - grammaire%20fonctionnelle%2Dlexicale

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Théorie comparative de la grammaire.  1, fiche 2, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20grammaire%20universelle

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N. Chomsky describes his pursuit in theoretical terms as a search for universal grammar(or U. G.) U. G. is genetically determined at its initial state(in the organism) and is specified, sharpened, articulated, and refines under conditions set by experience, to yield the particular grammars found in specific groups of individuals(1980, p. 234). A theory of universal grammar is said to be an explanatory theory. To know a language is to be in a certain state of mind/brain : this state is described by a core grammar which consists of certain principles of universal grammar, which are to be discovered by linguists. Thus, Chomsky takes a purely realistic stance : language knowledge is a series of states in the brain... Now he has come to the conclusion that it is more productive to speak of various principles that govern language use. These principles begin in human biology. They determine the kinds of grammar that are available in principle(Chomsky 1979). The principles of U. G. are various subsystems, which go by names like binding theory, control theory, government, theta theory, and the like-each of which features a limited degree of parametric variation.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - universal%20grammar

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Selon Chomsky, ensemble de principes et de règles innées qui s'activent au moment de l'apprentissage du langage chez l'enfant. En IA, la notion très ancienne d'universaux du langage a inspiré l'approche conceptuelle du traitement du langage naturel et plus particulièrement de la traduction automatisée.  1, fiche 3, Français, - grammaire%20universelle

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A grammar based on the theory that language consists of a series of hierarchically related strata linked together by representational rules.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - stratificational%20grammar

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De Zellig Harris.  1, fiche 4, Français, - grammaire%20stratificationnelle

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SIERRA consists of two modules, each corresponding to one of the underlying theories. A learning module based on AI techniques for inductive learning follows the framework of STEP theory to form core procedures. Then a problem-solving module follows a version of REPAIR theory to generate bugs. The spatial knowledge needed to parse problems is captured in a grammar provided as pre-existing background knowledge.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - problem%2Dsolving%20module

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Voir résolution de problèmes. Comparer à module d'apprentissage inductif.  1, fiche 6, Français, - module%20de%20r%C3%A9solution

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See "conceptual dependency theory".  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - two%2Dway%20dependency

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In the dependency theory, analysis in terms of governor and dependent units proceeds to higher and higher levels of grammar until a single ungoverned symbol is obtained. Most words... have multiple functions and may be either governors or dependents.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - two%2Dway%20dependency

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Dépendance qui signifie que chaque concept est nécessaire dans la conceptualisation. Elle intervient le plus souvent entre un PP [Picture Production] et un ACT [Action].  1, fiche 7, Français, - d%C3%A9pendance%20%C3%A0%20double%20sens

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