TERMIUM Plus^®

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In opposition to Chomsky, who(as I noted) pays little attention to how his derivations might be realized by an individual speaker operating under "real-world" constraints, Bresnan and her colleagues have fashioned a perspective designed to illuminate how an individual will perceive or produce language. In her lexical-functional theory, there is no transformational component. The information traditionally embedded in the syntactic components is now placed in the individual' s lexicon-one's knowledge of specific words. Lexical-functional grammar provides each sentence with two structures : a constituent structure, which is similar to a surface structure(or phrase-marker tree) in the standard theory of Chomsky; and a functional structure, which includes all the grammatical relations relevant to the semantic interpretation of the sentence. The functional structure is generated by annotated phrase-structure rules working in conjunction with lexical entries for the various morphemes in a sentence.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - lexical%2Dfunctional%20theory

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Grammaire qui introduit dans un modèle authentiquement linguistique des procédés de gestion dynamique des structures issues de l'informatique. (Technique et Science Informatiques 5, 2, 1986, 111).  2, fiche 1, Français, - grammaire%20fonctionnelle%2Dlexicale

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Grammaire lexicale-fonctionnelle, appelée parfois grammaire d'unification.  3, fiche 1, Français, - grammaire%20fonctionnelle%2Dlexicale

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The core componants of a KBMT are the [knowledge base] and the inference mechanisms. Developping relevant knowledge bases or resources(including dictionaries of grammatical and semantic rules, specialized dictionaries or glossaries, term banks, translation memories, aligned parallel corpora, world models, etc.) is expected to improve the accuracy of [machine translation] output.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - knowledge%2Dbased%20machine%20translation

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La TA à base de connaissances (TABC) se fonde sur les outils de la TABR [traduction automatique à base de règles] et sur des bases de connaissances tandis que la TA à base d'exemples (TABE) associe des corpus de segments alignés, des modèles de traduction, aux méthodes traditionnelles de la TABR.  1, fiche 2, Français, - traduction%20automatique%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20connaissances

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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One of the natural language processing areas in which a good deal of knowledge is now available concerns the grammatical analysis of individual sentences.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - grammatical%20analysis

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Ervin-Tripp uses the term socio-linguistic competence in order "to exclude the many forms of skill in non linguistic communication". There are also other uses such as Hugh Mehan’s "interactional competence;" ... but they all recognize the basic notions of the referential and social functions inherent in Hymes’ communicative competence.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - communicative%20competence

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

This notion is intended... to include not only grammatical competence(or implicit and explicit knowledge of the rules of grammar) but also contextual or sociolinguistic competence(knowledge of the rules of language use).  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - communicative%20competence

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Cette aptitude de l'individu à choisir le sous-code ou variété de langue, approprié à la situation et aux fonctions du langage, repose sur des conventions sociales et linguistiques dont la somme constitue la compétence de communication.  1, fiche 5, Français, - comp%C3%A9tence%20de%20communication

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La compétence de communication consiste non seulement dans la maîtrise orale de situations communicatives, mais aussi dans la flexibilité de chacun vis-à-vis de multiples exigences de compréhension et de communication.  1, fiche 5, Français, - comp%C3%A9tence%20de%20communication

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol