TERMIUM Plus^®

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The pressure at a point in a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - gravitational%20pressure

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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La pression hydrostatique est la pression exercée par un fluide à l'équilibre à un point donné du fluide, en raison de la force de gravité.  4, fiche 1, Français, - pression%20gravitationnelle

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The pressure exerted by the water at any given point in a body of water at rest.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - gravitational%20pressure

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Pression isotrope exercée par l'eau au repos.  2, fiche 2, Français, - pression%20hydrostatique

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Presión isótropa ejercida por el agua en reposo.  2, fiche 2, Espagnol, - presi%C3%B3n%20hidrost%C3%A1tica

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[A] hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - dark%20energy

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A mysterious quantity known as dark energy makes up nearly three-fourths of the universe, yet scientists are unsure not only what it is but how it operates.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - dark%20energy

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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[Forme] d'énergie hypothétique remplissant tout l'Univers et exerçant une pression négative se comportant comme une force gravitationnelle répulsive.  3, fiche 3, Français, - %C3%A9nergie%20sombre

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a measure of the tendency of water to move from high free energy to lower free energy.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

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Water potential is the sum of osmotic potential, pressure potential, [gravitational potential, ] and matric potential.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

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For historical and practical reasons, however, plant physiologists have developed another parameter called the water potential (psi_w). Water potential is expressed in pressure units such as megapascals (MPa). ... Like chemical potential, water potential is a relative quantity, and is always determined as a difference between the sample in question and a standard reference. For plant physiologists, the standard reference for water potential measurements is the water potential of pure water at one atmosphere of pressure. This reference value is defined as 0 MegaPascals.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

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[Water potential] is replacing the concept of osmotic pressure and differs from osmotic pressure in taking capillary and imbibitional forces into account.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

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The symbol for water potential is the Greek letter Psi. ... Water potential is measured in units of atmospheric pressure; bars or dynes per square centimeter. (1 bar = 106 dynes/cm²).  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

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The symbol used is the Greek letter psi_w.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - water%20potential

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Les composantes du potentiel hydrique. Dans un sol, l'énergie potentielle de l'eau peut provenir de plusieurs sources. [...] Potentiel gravitationnel [...] Potentiel matriciel [...] Potentiel osmotique [...]  2, fiche 4, Français, - potentiel%20hydrique

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Paramètre de l'eau du sol ou de la plante.  3, fiche 4, Français, - potentiel%20hydrique

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Bien qu'aujourd'hui le terme potentiel hydrique soit le terme recommandé, on trouve encore, héritage du passé, d'autres appellations de cette même grandeur : potentiel de succion, tension de succion, déficit de pression, hauteur capillaire, etc. Le fait à retenir est que ces différentes dénominations, qu'il faut désormais éviter d'utiliser en physiologie végétale et en agronomie, sont le plus souvent équivalentes (au signe près et compte tenu des unités dans lesquelles elles sont exprimées); elles définissent toutes «l'état énergétique» de l'eau dans un substrat.  4, fiche 4, Français, - potentiel%20hydrique

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Gradiente de presión que provoca el flujo de agua, especialmente en relación a su absorción del suelo por las plantas.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - potencial%20h%C3%ADdrico

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Depende de los componentes gravitatorios, matricial, osmótico y de presión.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - potencial%20h%C3%ADdrico

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Convection caused by mechanical forces, such as those arising from air motion over a rough or sloping surface.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - forced%20convection

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Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - forced%20convection

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Convection d'une masse d'air causée par des forces mécaniques extérieures au système considéré.  2, fiche 5, Français, - convection%20forc%C3%A9e

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Convección producida por fuerzas mecánicas tales como las debidas al movimiento del aire sobre una superficie rugosa o una pendiente.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - convecci%C3%B3n%20forzada

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Convection caused by density differences within the air.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - free%20convection

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Free convection is the rising of heated air and the sinking of cooler air without the need of external forces.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - free%20convection

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Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - free%20convection

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Convection provoquée par des différences de densité de l'air.  1, fiche 6, Français, - convection%20libre

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[La] convection naturelle [...] est causée par le réchauffement diurne de la surface terrestre, résultant souvent en la formation de nuages Cumulus.  2, fiche 6, Français, - convection%20libre

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Convección producida por diferencias de densidad dentro del aire.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - convecci%C3%B3n%20libre

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... ability of water to do work. i.e. Move from one location to another.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - total%20water%20potential

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Water Potential is defined as the potential energy of water per unit mass of water in the system. The total water potential of a sample is the sum of four component potentials :gravitational, matric, osmotic, and pressure. Gravitational potential depends on the position of the water in a gravitational field. Matric potential depends on the adsorptive forces binding water to a matrix. Osmotic potential depends on the concentration of dissolved substance in the water. Pressure potential depends on the hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure on the water.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - total%20water%20potential

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Total water potential = matric potential + osmotic potential + gravitational potential ...  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - total%20water%20potential

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Pure water has a potential of 0 by definition.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - total%20water%20potential

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Le potentiel total, somme en chaque point de tous les potentiels énumérés ci-dessous. [...] - le potentiel pascalien ou hydrostatique [...]; - le potentiel capillaire [...]; - le potentiel d'adhésion [...]; - le potentiel gravitationnel [...]; - le potentiel matriciel [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

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Le plus souvent l'eau se déplace : infiltration dans le sol après une pluie ou une irrigation, percolation en profondeur jusqu'à la nappe, déplacement de l'eau de la nappe, vers une source ou des drains, remontées capillaires jusqu'à la surface évaporante ou la zone de succion racinaire, flux liquide du sol jusqu'au feuilles. Ces transferts sont dus à des différences de potentiel hydrique total.  1, fiche 7, Français, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Maximum mass of a cold star that can support itself by internal pressure against gravitational collapse....  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Chandrasekhar%20mass

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The rapid implosion of a star or other astronomical body from its initial, normal size to a size hundreds of thousands of times smaller.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - gravitational%20collapse

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’gravitational collapse’ usually refers to the sudden collapse of the core of a massive star at the end of nuclear burning, when its internal gas pressure can no longer support its weight.... The eventual degree of gravitational collapse is determined by the mass that remains. The three most likely end-products(in order of increasing mass) are white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - gravitational%20collapse

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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C'est l'astrophysicien indien Chandrasekhar qui prouva qu'au dessus d'une masse limite qui porte son nom, de l'ordre d'une masse solaire (...), aucun corps froid ne peut échapper à l'effondrement gravitationnel.  1, fiche 9, Français, - effondrement%20gravitationnel

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol