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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

que respecte la Confédération des Six nations iroquoises  1, fiche 2, Français, - La%20Grande%20loi%20de%20la%20Paix

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Sources : - feuille d'information sur la Confédération et - Assiniwi, Histoire des Indiens, tome I, page 120  1, fiche 2, Français, - La%20Grande%20loi%20de%20la%20Paix

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Martens Clause is indisputably one of the contemporary legal myths of the international community. Being particularly ambiguous, it has been variously interpreted. The author dismisses the more radical interpretation whereby the clause upgrades to the rank of sources of international law the "laws of humanity" and the "dictates of public conscience". The other, less extreme interpretation, whereby the clause merely serves to reject a possible a contrario argument, is equally without merit. He suggests that the clause was essentially conceived of, at the 1899 Hague Peace Conference, as diplomatic gimmick intended to break a deadlock in the negotiations between smaller and Great Powers. The clause could nevertheless be given a twofold legal significance. First, it could operate at the interpretative level : incase of doubt international rules of humanitarian law should be construed in a manner consonant with standards of humanity and the demands of public conscience. Secondly, the clause, while operating within the existing system of international sources, could serve to loosen-in relation solely to the specific field of humanitarian law-the requirements prescribed for usus whilst at the same time raising opinio to a rank higher than normarly admitted.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - Martens%20clause

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Martens clause: Expression reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Martens%20clause

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enunciada en el preámbulo de la Convención de la Haya de 1907 y reproducida en el párr. 2 del art. 1 del Protocolo I adicional a los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949. El comentario de la Cruz Roja sobre ese párrafo decía, entre otras cosas: "La cláusula de Martens impide interpretar que todo lo que no está expresamente prohibido en los tratados pertinentes está autorizado".  1, fiche 3, Espagnol, - cl%C3%A1usula%20de%20Martens

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cláusula de Martens: Expresión y contexto reproducidos del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, fiche 3, Espagnol, - cl%C3%A1usula%20de%20Martens

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In each of the Mohawk communities approximately fifty-percent of the population resorts to their traditional form of government through the Hotinonsonni. They govern themselves through the "Kaianerekowa" which, translated into English, means "The Great Law of Peace". The Kaianerekowa defines the constitutional responsibilities of the Hotinonsonni; all their people, women as well as men, are represented and have control of their government. Historians have recently admitted that the government of the United States of America was patterned from the Kaianerekowa of the Hotinonsonni which is a current form of democratic government.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - Great%20Law%20of%20Peace

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans chacune des communautés mohawks, environ la moitié de la population vit sous la forme traditionnelle de gouvernement des Hotinonsonnis qui observe la Kaianerekowa, ou Grande loi de la paix. La Kaianerekowa définit les responsabilités constitutionnelles de Hotininsonnis et l'ensemble de la population, tant hommes que femmes, est représenté au sein du gouvernement et exerce un contrôle sur ce dernier. Des historiens admettaient récemment que le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique a été façonné d'après la Kaianerekowa des Hotinonsonnis, formule tout à fait actuelle de gouvernement démocratique.  1, fiche 4, Français, - Grande%20loi%20de%20la%20paix

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol