TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adopted by the General Assembly on 11 December 2008, the Convention establishes a uniform and modern legal regime governing the rights and obligations of shippers, carriers and consignees under a contract for door-to-door carriage that includes an international sea leg.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - United%20Nations%20Convention%20on%20Contracts%20for%20the%20International%20Carriage%20of%20Goods%20Wholly%20or%20Partly%20by%20Sea

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The Convention builds upon, and provides a modern alternative to, earlier conventions relating to the international carriage of goods by sea, in particular, the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading(Brussels, 25 August 1924)("the Hague Rules"), and its Protocols("the Hague-Visby Rules"), and the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea(Hamburg, 31 March 1978)("the Hamburg Rules").  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - United%20Nations%20Convention%20on%20Contracts%20for%20the%20International%20Carriage%20of%20Goods%20Wholly%20or%20Partly%20by%20Sea

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adoptée par l'Assemblée générale le 11 décembre 2008, la Convention établit un régime juridique uniforme et moderne régissant les droits et obligations des chargeurs, transporteurs et destinataires en vertu d'un contrat de transport de porte à porte comprenant une étape maritime internationale.  2, fiche 1, Français, - Convention%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20sur%20le%20contrat%20de%20transport%20international%20de%20marchandises%20effectu%C3%A9%20enti%C3%A8rement%20ou%20partiellement%20par%20mer

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La Convention donne suite et fournit une alternative moderne aux conventions antérieures relatives au transport international de marchandises par mer, en particulier la Convention internationale pour l'unification de certaines règles en matière de connaissement (Bruxelles, 25 août 1924) («les Règles de La Haye»), et ses Protocoles («les Règles de La Haye-Visby»), et la Convention des Nations Unies sur le transport de marchandises par mer (Hambourg, 31 mars 1978) («les Règles de Hambourg»).  2, fiche 1, Français, - Convention%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20sur%20le%20contrat%20de%20transport%20international%20de%20marchandises%20effectu%C3%A9%20enti%C3%A8rement%20ou%20partiellement%20par%20mer

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Warsaw Convention of 1929, as amended by the Hague Protocol of 1955, exemplifies still another legislative approach to problems raised by the carriage of goods. It constitutes a major step toward international unification of the rules governing carriage of goods by air.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - Convention%20for%20the%20Unification%20of%20Certain%20Rules%20Relating%20to%20International%20Carriage%20by%20Air

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Convention instituant en 1929 un régime juridique du transport aérien international qui a unifié notamment les règles de responsabilité du transporteur.  3, fiche 2, Français, - Convention%20pour%20l%27unification%20de%20certaines%20r%C3%A8gles%20relatives%20au%20transport%20a%C3%A9rien%20international

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Convención que instituyó en 1929 un régimen jurídico del transporte aéreo internacional y que unificó las normas de responsabilidad de los transportistas.  2, fiche 2, Espagnol, - Convenio%20para%20la%20unificaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ciertas%20reglas%20relativas%20al%20transporte%20a%C3%A9reo%20internacional

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Convenio de Varsovia; Convención de Varsovia: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que los nombres oficiales de los tratados y convenios se escriben con mayúscula inicial en todos sus elementos significativos.  3, fiche 2, Espagnol, - Convenio%20para%20la%20unificaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ciertas%20reglas%20relativas%20al%20transporte%20a%C3%A9reo%20internacional

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Rules [Hague/Visby] do not set out an order of proof in a marine cargo claim and its defence.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - marine%20cargo%20claim

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... les Règles de La Haye Visby ne précisent pas l'ordre dans lequel le créancier maritime sur facultés et la personne qu'il poursuit doivent présenter leur preuve.  2, fiche 3, Français, - cr%C3%A9ance%20maritime%20sur%20facult%C3%A9s

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The one-year delay for suit provision of art. 3(6) benefits the ship and the carrier. The latter would include not only the shipowner but also the charterer who acts as a carrier, whether in respect of third parties or in a sub-charterparty where the Hague or Hague/Visby Rules have been incorporated by reference...  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - sub%2Dcharter%20party

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

parliamentary: one sent under a flag of truce to treat with an enemy.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - parliamentary

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flag of truce: the bearer of such a flag.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - parliamentary

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The position of... parliamentaries is now defined in Art. 32-34 of the Rules annexed to Convention II of the First and Convention IV of the Second Hague Peace Conference. Parliamentaries are in the terms of Art. 32 "individus autorisés par l'un des belligérants, à entrer en pourparlers avec l'autre et se présentant avec le drapeau blanc. "Such negotiators may claim the privilege of personal inviolability together with those accompanying him; a trumpeter, clarion-blower or drummer, a flag-bearer and an interpreter. The commander to whom a parliamentary is sent is not obliged to receive him under all circumstances and is entitled to take all necessary steps in order to prevent him from abusing his mission and privileges, and may take sanctions against him(Art. 33 and 34).  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - parliamentary

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Individu, généralement un officier, envoyé en mission par l'un des belligérants auprès des forces ennemies pour porter à leur chef une communication ou pour entrer en négociations avec lui.  1, fiche 5, Français, - parlementaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est au moyen de parlementaires que se font d'ordinaire les communications régulières avec l'ennemi. On donne le nom de parlementaires aux individus appartenant ou non à l'armée, militaires ou non-militaires, qui se rendent, au nom de l'un des belligérants, auprès des troupes ennemies, soit comme porteurs de communications verbales ou écrites, soit comme négociateurs, pour débattre avec le chef de ces troupes, les clauses de certaines conventions telles que suspension d'armes, armistices, capitulations, etc., soit pour entrer en tous autres pourparlers avec ce chef sur des objets concernant la guerre, pour faire des sommations, pour faire ou pour écouter des propositions.  1, fiche 5, Français, - parlementaire

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Montreal, September 25, 1975. Signed by Canada September 30, 1975. In force June 14, 1998. Ratification by Canada August 27, 1999. In force for Canada November 25, 1999.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - Montreal%20Protocol%20No%2E%204%20to%20amend%20the%20Convention%20for%20the%20unification%20of%20certain%20rules%20relating%20to%20international%20carriage%20by%20air%20signed%20at%20Warsaw%20on%2012%20October%201929%20as%20amended%20by%20the%20Protocol%20done%20at%20the%20Hague%20on%2028%20Septembre%201955%28with%20reservation%29

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Montréal, le 25 septembre 1975. Signé par le Canada le 30 septembre 1975. En vigueur le 14 juin 1998. Ratification du Canada le 27 août 1999. En vigueur pour le Canada le 25 novembre 1999.  1, fiche 6, Français, - Protocole%20de%20Montr%C3%A9al%20n%C2%B04%20portant%20modification%20de%20la%20Convention%20pour%20l%27unification%20de%20certaines%20r%C3%A8gles%20relatives%20au%20transport%20a%C3%A9rien%20international%20sign%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20Varsovie%20le%2012%20octobre%201929%20amend%C3%A9e%20par%20le%20Protocole%20fait%20%C3%A0%20la%20Haye%20le%2028%20septembre%201955%20%28avec%20r%C3%A9serve%29

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A quality inherent in a cargo which produces damage to the cargo without the assistance of an outside agency and by its own action.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - inherent%20vice

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damage resulting from the inherent defect, quality or vice.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - inherent%20vice

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According to the Hague Rules shipowners are not responsible for loss or damage, resulting from the inherent nature of the cargo.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - inherent%20vice

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Germe de destruction, état naturel ou anormal de la chose [marchandise], par suite duquel elle se détériore spontanément, sans l'intervention d'aucune force extérieure.  2, fiche 7, Français, - vice%20propre

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vice propre de la chose [...] Le vice de la chose c'est sa nature même. C'est un principe de détérioration inhérent à cette marchandise.  3, fiche 7, Français, - vice%20propre

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hidden flaw or defect in the construction of the ship which is not readily discoverable by a competent person using reasonable skill in an ordinary inspection.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - latent%20defect

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Under the Hague Rules the owners are not responsible for loss or damage arising from latent defects of the ship, engines, boilers etc.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - latent%20defect

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vice non décelé par la société de classification et qui permet au transporteur de s'exonérer de sa responsabilité.  1, fiche 9, Français, - vice%20cach%C3%A9

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Martens Clause is indisputably one of the contemporary legal myths of the international community. Being particularly ambiguous, it has been variously interpreted. The author dismisses the more radical interpretation whereby the clause upgrades to the rank of sources of international law the "laws of humanity" and the "dictates of public conscience". The other, less extreme interpretation, whereby the clause merely serves to reject a possible a contrario argument, is equally without merit. He suggests that the clause was essentially conceived of, at the 1899 Hague Peace Conference, as diplomatic gimmick intended to break a deadlock in the negotiations between smaller and Great Powers. The clause could nevertheless be given a twofold legal significance. First, it could operate at the interpretative level : incase of doubt international rules of humanitarian law should be construed in a manner consonant with standards of humanity and the demands of public conscience. Secondly, the clause, while operating within the existing system of international sources, could serve to loosen-in relation solely to the specific field of humanitarian law-the requirements prescribed for usus whilst at the same time raising opinio to a rank higher than normarly admitted.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - Martens%20clause

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Martens clause: Expression reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - Martens%20clause

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enunciada en el preámbulo de la Convención de la Haya de 1907 y reproducida en el párr. 2 del art. 1 del Protocolo I adicional a los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949. El comentario de la Cruz Roja sobre ese párrafo decía, entre otras cosas: "La cláusula de Martens impide interpretar que todo lo que no está expresamente prohibido en los tratados pertinentes está autorizado".  1, fiche 10, Espagnol, - cl%C3%A1usula%20de%20Martens

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cláusula de Martens: Expresión y contexto reproducidos del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, fiche 10, Espagnol, - cl%C3%A1usula%20de%20Martens

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Carriage of Good by Water Act. Means the Rules set out in Schedule I.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Hague%2DVisby%20Rules

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Schedule I.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Hague%2DVisby%20Rules

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : Loi sur le transport des marchandises par eau. Les règles figurant à l'annexe I.  1, fiche 11, Français, - r%C3%A8gles%20de%20La%20Haye%2DVisby

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Author: W.E. Astle. London, Fairplay Publications Ltd., 1981. Information found in the Database OOT.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - Hamburg%20Rules%20%3A%20an%20Appreciation%20of%20the%20Cause%20and%20Effect%20of%20the%20Amendments%20to%20the%20Hague%20Rules%20and%20the%20Hague%2DVisby%20Rules

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol