TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(A) contract made either orally or in writing but not under seal. (Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1663)  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - simple%20contract

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Simple contracts include all contracts which are not contracts of record or contracts under seal.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 88)  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - simple%20contract

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Not required to be made under seal.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - simple%20contract

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Non soumis à l'emploi du sceau.  2, fiche 1, Français, - contrat%20nu

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat nu : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 1, Français, - contrat%20nu

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An assignment, which is conditional and not absolute, as, for example, an assignment expressed to be until money advanced is repaid, or an assignment of a policy of life insurance authorizing the assignee to draw the insurance money in the event of the assignor predeceasing her, is not within the [Law of Property Act, 1925].(6 Hals., 4th, p. 2)  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - conditional%20assignment

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cession conditionnelle : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 2, Français, - cession%20conditionnelle

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... assignment at law is possible under the three exceptions to the common law rule, namely(1), in the case of certain particular choses in action, by an assignment in accordance with the provisions of special statutory enactments, the most important being stock and shares in incorporated companies, or(2), in the case of certain negotiable instruments, by delivery of the document under the law merchant, or(3), in the case of a transfer by or to the Crown, under the special privileges the law allows in such a case.(6 Hals., 4th, p. 11)  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - assignment%20at%20law

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cession en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 3, Français, - cession%20en%20common%20law

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A contract under seal, or specialty contract, is created by the execution of a deed binding the party or parties executing it to a future act or forebearance. Such a contract necessarily involves the element of agreement, but it derives its legal effect solely from the formality of sealing and delivery, and not from the mere fact of agreement ... (Jowitt, p. 449)  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - contract%20by%20specialty

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Speciality, may denote a contract under seal...(28 Hals, 4th, p. 304)  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - contract%20by%20specialty

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fait au moyen d'un acte formaliste.  2, fiche 4, Français, - contrat%20formaliste

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat formaliste : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 4, Français, - contrat%20formaliste

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A contract inferred from the conduct of parties or from some relationship existing between them. (Curzon, 2nd, po. 179)  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - implied%20contract

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In some cases a contract is said to be implied by law. Such an implied contract is really an obligation imposed by law independently of an actual agreement between the parties, and may be imposed notwithstanding an expressed intention by one of the parties to the contrary.(9 Hals., 4th, p. 88)  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - implied%20contract

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

May be implied in law or in fact.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - implied%20contract

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Générique par rapport à «contrat de droit» et «contrat tacite».  2, fiche 5, Français, - contrat%20implicite

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat implicite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 5, Français, - contrat%20implicite

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Standard form contracts. Many contracts are today made in, or incorporate, standard trading forms. Generally, the party putting forward the document, the "proferens", will have a different standard form for each type of contract he may wish to make, and will envisage that his appropriate standard form will in any particular case only be varied insofar as the circumstances of that contract necessarily require. In many cases, the form of such documents is settled by a trade association for use by its members...(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 223)  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - standard%20form%20contract

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équivalent s'emploie aussi au sens métonymique. Dans la législation relative à la protection des consommateurs, on relève parfois l'emploi de «contrat d'adhésion» que l'on veillera à respecter le cas échéant.  2, fiche 6, Français, - contrat%20type

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat type : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 6, Français, - contrat%20type

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An invitation to treat is a mere declaration of willingness to enter into negotiations; it is not an offer, and cannot be accepted so as to form a binding contract. In practice, the formation of a contract is frequently preceded by preliminary negotiations. Some of the exchanges in these negotiations contain no declaration at all, as where one party simply asks for information. Others may amount to invitations to the recipient to make an offer, these being invitations to treat.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 98)  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - invitation%20to%20treat

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

invitation à traiter : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - invitation%20%C3%A0%20traiter

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A contract inferred from the conduct of parties or from some relationship existing between them (Curzon, 1979, p. 163)  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - implied%20contract

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In some cases a contract is said to be implied by law. Such an implied contract is really an obligation imposed by law independently of an actual agreement between the parties, and may be imposed notwithstanding an expressed intention by one of the parties to the contrary.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 88)  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - implied%20contract

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contrat tacite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 8, Français, - contrat%20tacite

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Non-performance as a Bar to Enforcement of Contract. Whenever one party to a contract fails to fulfil his obligation under the contract the question arises whether this failure constitutes a bar to his enforcement of the other party's obligation. This problem may arise either as a result of an event for which the non-performing party is not responsible... or as a result of a breach of contract by him.(9 Hals., 4th ed., pp. 352-3)  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - non%2Dperformance

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Denoting a total failure of performance.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - non%2Dperformance

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'agissant d'une inexécution totale.  2, fiche 9, Français, - inex%C3%A9cution

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inexécution : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 9, Français, - inex%C3%A9cution

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The word "object" is used to denote a person who is, and the word "stranger"(or "non-object") a person who is not, one of the specified persons or class in whose favour the power may be exercised(30 Hals., 3rd, p. 271).  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - non%2Dobject

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An appointment to an object and a non-object is good as to the object and fails as to the non-object... ("Williams’ Law Relating to Wills", 5th ed., 1980, p. 420)  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - non%2Dobject

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

non-appelé; non-appelée : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 10, Français, - non%2Dappel%C3%A9

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In its secondary sense, "lien" may be applied to a right subsisting in a person who has no possession of the property concerned but who nevertheless has a right against the owner analogous to a legal lien.(28 "Hals. ", 4th ed., p. 503)  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - non%2Dpossessory%20lien

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

privilège non possessoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 11, Français, - privil%C3%A8ge%20non%20possessoire

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Legal lien is used... to denote a lien in the primary sense. Such liens are sometimes described as possessory or common law liens.(28 Hals., 4th ed., p. 502, note 1)  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - common%20law%2Dlien

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

privilège en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 12, Français, - privil%C3%A8ge%20en%20common%20law

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(A) "tortious" feoffment occurred when one seised of land enfeoffed to another an estate greater than that which he himself possessed. While wrongful, such a feoffment was not void as a feoffee did not receive the estate of his feoffor, but rather, a totally new estate. (Mendes da Costa & Balfour, 1982, p. 359)  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - tortious%20feoffment

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At common law any person in possession could by livery of seisin effect a tortious feoffment and vest the fee simple in the feoffee, and, if he limited a less estate to the feoffee, a tortious reversion vested in himself.(39 Hals., 4th ed., p. 377)  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - tortious%20feoffment

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fieffement préjudiciable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 13, Français, - fieffement%20pr%C3%A9judiciable

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A weekly or other periodic tenancy is a tenancy by the week or the period, and does not expire without notice at the end of the first week or period or at the end of each succeeding week or period, there being not a reletting at the beginning of every week or period but a springing interest which arises and which is only determined by a proper notice to quit.(27 Hals., 4th, p. 154)  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - weekly%20tenancy

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The period upon which a tenancy is based may be ascertained mainly by reference to the way in which the rent is calculated; thus, where the rent reserved is so much per year, a yearly tenancy will be implied, even though the rent is payable monthly. There is a distinction between a monthly or quarterly rent and monthly or quarterly instalments of a yearly rent; and accordingly, where a tenant for a fixed-term at a weekly rent holds over and continues to pay the same weekly rent, the proper inference is that a weekly tenancy was intended. (Evans, 1974, p. 32).  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - weekly%20tenancy

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

location à la semaine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 14, Français, - location%20%C3%A0%20la%20semaine

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where the sub-contract is for the sale of the land with a building to be erected on it and the original purchaser has become bankrupt, his trustee can disclaim the sub-contract of sale without being obliged to disclaim the contract of purchase....(42 Hals., 4th ed., p. 197)  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - sub%2Dcontract%20of%20sale

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme s'emploie aussi au sens métonymique.  1, fiche 15, Français, - sous%2Dcontrat%20de%20vente

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sous-contrat de vente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 15, Français, - sous%2Dcontrat%20de%20vente

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A safe holding title is one resting on the undisturbed possession of the vendor for twelve years adversely to persons not under disability. (Jowitt, p. 1774)  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - good%20holding%20title

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Even if it is not marketable a title may be a good holding title(i. e., one which presents no probability of an adverse claim being made), and can usually be sold under suitable conditions as to title. Such a title can be registered under the Land Registration Act 1925 as absolute....(43 Hals., 3rd, par. 143)  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - good%20holding%20title

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

titre stable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 16, Français, - titre%20stable

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A place where registers are kept. (Oxford)  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - registry

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The last of the Yorkshire deeds registries was closed for all purposes on 1st April 1976.(26 Hals., 4th, p. 410)  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - registry

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bureau d'enregistrement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 17, Français, - bureau%20d%27enregistrement

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Real estate is a technical term and is generally to be construed in its technical sense. It comprises all freehold(and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments, but not leasehold interests.... "Real estate" includes, also, any rights in land, such as a rentcharge, which admit of being limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests.(39 Hals., 4th, p. 214)  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - real%20property

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As the common law developed, real property came to mean that form of property which could be specifically recovered by a real action if possession were lost. Only freeholdings of land were thus recoverable in the realty. (Crossley Vaines, 5th, p. 6)  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - real%20property

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "real property," "realty" and "real estate" are quasi-synonyms. "Real property" and "real estate" serve for distinct technical classifications. Originally, the use of the term "property" itself was confined to cases where the right included possession. The term "real property," as opposed to "personal property," was used to denote land and things attached to land so as to become part of it, as well as rights in the land which endure for a life. The term "real estate," as opposed to "personal estate," comprised all freehold (and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments (except leasehold interests) that a person owned, and also included any rights in land which could be limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests. In modern usage, all three terms refer to the same object, comprising corporeal and incorporeal hereditaments.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - real%20property

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biens réels : terme de classification; sens collectif.  2, fiche 18, Français, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biens réels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 18, Français, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A profit appurtenant ... is a profit, whether several or in common, which by act of parties, actual or presumed, is annexed to some nearby dominant tenement and runs with it. (Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 823).  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - profit%20appurtenant

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

"Profits à prendre appurtenant" are "against common right" : they are rights attached to the ownership of a particular piece of land, not as the necessary consequence of the original tenure, but because of a grant, prescription or other extraneous means. They cannot be severed or enjoyed apart from the dominant tenement, and they pass with the dominant tenement into the hands of each successive owner.(14 Hals., 4th, p. 119)  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - profit%20appurtenant

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

profit dépendant; profit à prendre dépendant ; termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - profit%20d%C3%A9pendant

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A right of common has been defined as a right, which one or more persons may have, to take or use some portion of that which another man's soil naturally produces.... The right is in hte nature of a profit à prendre....(5 Hals., 3rd, p. 298)  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - right%20of%20common

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de communage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 20, Français, - droit%20de%20communage

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An incorporeal hereditament which consists in a profit which one man has in connection with one or more others in the land of another. (Black, 5th, p. 249)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - common

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The land where rights of common are exercised, namely, open and uncultivated ground over which owners and occupers of enclosed land in the vicinity(known as commoners) have certain rights, although they are not the owners of such ground.(5 Hals., 3rd, p. 297)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - common

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - communage

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An instrument is usually construed as a lease if it contains words of present demise. The circumstance that the lessee is to have immediate possession under the agreement is a strong indication that it is a present demise. In all cases the question whether an agreement operates as a present demise, or only as an agreement for a lease, depends on the parties’ intention.(27 Hals., 4th ed., p. 51)  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - present%20demise

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transport à bail actuel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 22, Français, - transport%20%C3%A0%20bail%20actuel

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Power" is a term of art, denoting an authority vested in a person called "the donee", to deal with or dispose of property not his own. A power may be created by reservation or limitation; the dealing or disposition may be total or partial, and for the benefit either of the donee or of others; and the property may be real or personal. A power is distinct from the dominion that a man has over his own property.(36 Hals., 4th, p. 531)  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - power

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pouvoir; pouvoir de désignation; pouvoir d'attribution : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 23, Français, - pouvoir

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A contract of option is one whereby the grantor of the option offers to enter into what may be called a "major" contract with a second person and makes a separate contract to keep his offer open. Usually, but not necessarily, the person to whom the grantor of the option binds himself to keep the offer open is that second person, who may be conveniently referred to as "the option-holder".(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 106)  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - option%2Dholder

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

titulaire d'option : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 24, Français, - titulaire%20d%27option

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The distinction between movable and immovable property is not part of the law of England....(7 Hals., 3rd, p. 43)  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - movable%20property

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

movables : term generally used in the plural in this context.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - movable%20property

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law : terme de droit international privé. Il s'emploie, moins souvent, au singulier pour désigner un bien particulier considéré comme «meuble».  1, fiche 25, Français, - biens%20meubles

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biens meubles; meubles : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, fiche 25, Français, - biens%20meubles

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 OBS

biens meubles; meubles : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 25, Français, - biens%20meubles

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Livery of seisin is livery in deed or livery in law. Livery in deed involved the actual delivery of vacant possession by the feoffor to the feoffee. This might be effected by words spoken upon the property, indicating the intention to deliver possession, and either accompanied or not by the delivery of piece of a turf or other article symbolical of the land itself.(39 Hals., 4th ed., p. 377)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - livery%20in%20deed

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

livrée de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 26, Français, - livr%C3%A9e%20de%20fait

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Livery of seisin is livery in deed or livery in law.... Livery in law was effected by words spoken in sight of the land, and was turned into livery in deed by the subsequent entry of the feoffee during the life of the feoffor.(39 Hals., 4th ed., p. 377)  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - livery%20in%20law

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

livrée de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 27, Français, - livr%C3%A9e%20de%20droit

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tenancy in common in equity can be created by express limitation by the same words of severance as would have created a legal tenancy in common at common law.(39 Hals., 4th, p. 358)  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - legal%20tenancy%20in%20common

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance commune en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO)  2, fiche 28, Français, - tenance%20commune%20en%20common%20law

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Limited covenants. A covenant is qualified by way of limitation when words are introduced into it which limit on some respect the liability of the covenantor....(12 Hals., 4th ed., p. 1550)  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - limited%20covenant

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant limité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 29, Français, - covenant%20limit%C3%A9

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In general a covenant is framed so as to be at once joint and several, and then it is at the election of the covenantee in which form he shall sue upon it; whether to charge all the covenantors together or the survivor alone on the joint covenant, or to charge one alone, or the executor of a deceased covenantor, with the entire liability on the several covenant. A joint and several covenant is now usually made by the words "jointly and severally" but it will arise from any other words which have the same effect, such as we and each of us covenant; or A and B covenant for themselves and each of them.(12 Hals., 4th ed., p. 1555)  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - joint%20and%20several%20covenant

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant conjoint et individuel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 30, Français, - covenant%20conjoint%20et%20individuel

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In joint ownership or joint tenancy of land there is a single title, interest, time of commencement and unity of possession. The right of survivorship exists so that, on the death of any joint owner, his rights are extinguished and vested in the survivors until the last survivor becomes sole owner of the property. Joint ownership of real property may be severed and the right converted into tenancy in common. ("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 667).  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - joint%20ownership

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A joint ownership or joint tenancy is distinguished by the four unities of possession, interest, title and time of commencement. The right of survivorship attaches to a joint tenancy of personalty, including choses in possession and in action, as well as to realty until severance.(35 Hals., 4th, p. 637)  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - joint%20ownership

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception juridique stricte qui vise le régime de tenance conjointe.  1, fiche 31, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20conjointe

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

propriété conjointe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 31, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20conjointe

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In addition to the terms which the parties have expressly adopted, there may be other terms imported into the contract, these latter being generally known as implied terms, though this nomenclature is misleading in that it covers a number of dissimilar notions. As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.... Even where a term may not be logically implied from the words used, the law admits of certain other terms to be implied as follows :(1) terms which the parties probably had in mind but did not express;(2) terms which the parties, whether or not they actually had them in mind, would probably have expressed if the question had been brought to their attention; and(3) terms that, whether or not the parties had them in mind or would have expressed them if they had foreseen the difficulty, are implied rules of law.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - implied%20term

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause implicite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 32, Français, - clause%20implicite

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Express and implied warranties of fitness. A warranty at or before the making of a lease that a house is in a fit state for habitation, whether as regards repair or drainage, may be given as an express contract, or may be implied from a representation as to the state of the house.(27 Hals., 4th ed., p. 211)  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - implied%20warranty%20of%20fitness

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

garantie implicite d'habitabilité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 33, Français, - garantie%20implicite%20d%27habitabilit%C3%A9

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception propre au droit des baux immobiliers. Ne pas confondre avec la notion de "implied warranty of fitness" en matière de vente d'objets.  1, fiche 33, Français, - garantie%20implicite%20d%27habitabilit%C3%A9

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A gratuitous loan is a class of bailment called "commodatum" in the civil law, and denominated by Sir William Jones as a loan for use (prêt à uage), to distinguish it from mutuum, a loan for consumption. (Jowitt, p. 1110)  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - gratuitous%20loan

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nature of gratuitous loan for use. In deposit and mandate the bailor has all the advantages of the bailment. In gratuitous loan for use the reverse is the case. This is a bailment where a chattel is lent by its owner to the bailee for the express purpose of conferring a benefit upon the bailee, without any corresponding advantage to its owner. By English law this agreement is confined to goods, chattels or personal property, and does not, as under the Roman civil law, extend to real estate.(2 Hals., 4th, p. 849)  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - gratuitous%20loan

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prêt à titre gratuit; prêt gratuit; prêt à usage; prêt à usage gratuit ; prêt à usage à titre gratuit; commodatum : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 34, Français, - pr%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20titre%20gratuit

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Premium includes(1) any fine or other like sum,(2) any other pecuniary consideration in addition to rent, and(3) any sum paid by way of a deposit, other than one which does not exceed one-sixth of the annual rent and is reasonable in relation to the potential liability in respect of which it is paid. "Premium" has been judicially defined as a cash payment made to the lessor, and representing, or supposed to represent, the capital value of the difference between the actual rent and the best rent that might otherwise be obtained.(27 Hals., 4th, p. 609)  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - premium

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prime : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 35, Français, - prime

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Express and implied warranties of fitness. A warranty at or before the making of a lease that a house is in a fit state for habitation, whether as regards repair or drainage, may be given as an express contract, or may be implied from a representation as to the state of the house.(27 Hals., 4th ed., p. 211)  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - express%20warranty%20of%20fitness

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

garantie expresse d'habitabilité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 36, Français, - garantie%20expresse%20d%27habitabilit%C3%A9

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception propre au droit des baux immobiliers.  1, fiche 36, Français, - garantie%20expresse%20d%27habitabilit%C3%A9

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - express%20term

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Leaving aside the possibility of implied terms, there may be express oral terms, for most contracts may be made wholly or partly by word of mouth...(9 Hals., 4th, p. 223)  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - express%20term

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause expresse : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 37, Français, - clause%20expresse

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Distress for rent... The distress with which this part of this title is chiefly concerned is distress as between landlord and tenant for arrears of rent certain in money reserved under a lease, or payable under a tenancy agreement where the tenant has possession of the land. There are, however, three kinds of rent, namely rent service, rentcharge and rent seck.(13 Hals., 4th, p. 109)  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - distress%20for%20rent

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut également employer, si le contexte le permet, l'équivalent «saisie pour non-paiement de rente».  1, fiche 38, Français, - saisie%2Dgagerie%20pour%20d%C3%A9faut%20de%20paiement%20de%20rente

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

saisie-gagerie pour défaut de paiement de rente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 38, Français, - saisie%2Dgagerie%20pour%20d%C3%A9faut%20de%20paiement%20de%20rente

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ways in which a contractual promise may be discharged may be classified under two basic headings : discharge in accordance with the contract and discharge "against" the contract.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 471)  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - discharge

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

décharger : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 39, Français, - d%C3%A9charger

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A customary right of way is one which may be enjoyed by any member of a fluctuating body or class of persons provided that body or class is itself certain. It is regarded as a private right of way in so much as it exists only for the benefit of a limited section of the public, and it cannot be used under a claim of right by any person who is not a member of that body or class in whose favour it exists. Rights of way of this kind may exist in favour of the inhabitants of a parish or a town, or probably of any other district sufficiently well defined to be the local area of any customary right.(12 Hals., 4th, p. 24)  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - customary%20right%20of%20way

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de passage coutumier : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 40, Français, - droit%20de%20passage%20coutumier

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Under the covenant for further assurance the vendor is bound to do such further acts for the purpose of perfecting the purchaser's title as the purchaser may reasonably require and the vendor can properly do. The purchaser should tender a draft of the further conveyance to which he considers that he is entitled, and should tender or offer to pay the vendor's costs.(42 Hals., 4th ed., p. 356).  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - covenant%20for%20further%20assurance

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant de translation supplémentaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 41, Français, - covenant%20de%20translation%20suppl%C3%A9mentaire

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A covenant in law is an agreement which the law implies from the use of certain words having a known legal operation in the creation of an estate; so that, after they have had their primary operation in creating the estate, the law gives them a secondary force by implying an agreement on the part of the grantor to protect and preserve the estate which by those words has been already created.(12 Hals., 4th ed., p. 1547)  1, fiche 42, Anglais, - covenant%20in%20law

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 42, Français, - covenant%20de%20droit

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A covenant for seisin was treated as a covenant for lawful seisin, and was equivalent to a covenant for right to convey the estate expressed to be conveyed.(42 Hals., 4th ed., p. 226)  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - covenant%20of%20seisin

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant de saisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 43, Français, - covenant%20de%20saisine

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Strictly the term "corporeal" applies to the land itself, whereas rights in the land are incorporeal; but this is not in accordance with legal usage, and a right in the land, if accompanied by possession, is regarded as corporeal, whereas partial rights which do not entitle the owner of them to possession are regarded as incorporeal.(39 Hals., 4th, p. 261)  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - corporeal%20right

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit corporel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 44, Français, - droit%20corporel

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An option to purchase is, in effect, an offer to sell, irrevocable for a stated period or until a stated event, made by the grantor of the option to the grantee, which the grantee is entitled to convert into a concluded contract of purchase on giving the prescribed notice and otherwise complying with the conditions on which the option is made exercisable in any particular case.(42 Hals., 4th ed., p. 20).  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - contract%20of%20purchase

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme désigne aussi le document.  2, fiche 45, Français, - contrat%20d%27achat

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat d'achat : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 45, Français, - contrat%20d%27achat

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Solution valable aussi pour le sens métonymique.  1, fiche 45, Français, - contrat%20d%27achat

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The legal effect of a contractual term differs from that of a mere representation; accordingly, it is necessary to determine into which of these two categories fall statements made by the parties during negotiations leading to a binding contract.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 221).  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - contractual%20term

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause contractuelle : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 46, Français, - clause%20contractuelle

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The contract of option may be unilateral or bilateral. It may exist either as a separate option contract, or as part of a larger contract such as one of the following; a lease with an option in the lessee to renew the lease or buy the reversion; a hire purchase agreement; a sale with all option of repurchase granted to either the seller or the buyer, a sale with an option of the buyer to make further purchases on similar terms; a service or agency agreement with an option in either party to renew.(4 Hals., 4th ed., p. 106).  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - contract%20of%20option

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme désigne aussi le document.  2, fiche 47, Français, - contrat%20d%27option

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contrat d'option : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 47, Français, - contrat%20d%27option

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Solution valable aussi pour le sens métonymique.  1, fiche 47, Français, - contrat%20d%27option

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A contract of tenancy may be created by writing or orally by any words which express the intention of giving and taking possession for a certain period of time, or by conduct. A legal estate for a term of years may be created by a lease under seal for any term or by a written or oral tenancy agreement for a term not exceeding three years.... Any other written or oral contract of tenancy of which specific performance can be ordered creates an agreement for a lease....(27 Hals., 4th, p. 10)  1, fiche 48, Anglais, - contract%20of%20tenancy

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contrat de location : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 48, Français, - contrat%20de%20location

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Solution valable aussi pour le sens métonymique.  1, fiche 48, Français, - contrat%20de%20location

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... right of fishing with other persons in another man's water.... This right may exist in common not only with other persons but also with the owner of the soil.(5 Hals., 3rd, 1962, p. 317-318)  1, fiche 49, Anglais, - common%20of%20piscary

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage de pêche : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 49, Français, - communage%20de%20p%C3%AAche

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common of estovers is the profit which a man has in the soil of another to cut or prune from his forest or other waste wood for his building, enclosing and firing or other necessary purposes...(5 Hals., 1962, 3rd, p. 316)  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - common%20of%20estovers

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage d'affouage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 50, Français, - communage%20d%27affouage

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A constructive seizure may occur in various ways. It is enough that the landlord or his agent interferes to prevent the removal of the article from off the premises on the ground that rent is in arrear, and he does this when he declares that the article shall not be removed until the rent is paid, and it is immaterial that the article is in fact subsequently removed.(13 Hals., 4th, p. 156)  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - constructive%20seizure

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

saisie fictive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 51, Français, - saisie%20fictive

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conditional covenants. A covenant may be absolute or qualified, and in the latter case the qualification may be introduced either by way of condition or by way of limitation. A qualification by way of condition is introduced by such words as "on condition that" or "provided that", or is expressed in a participial clause, and it may take effect by way of condition precedent or condition subsequent.(12 Hals., 4th ed., 1982, p. 1549).  1, fiche 52, Anglais, - conditional%20covenant

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

covenant conditionnel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 52, Français, - covenant%20conditionnel

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A common "sans nombre" generally means a common of pasture without any limit to the number of beasts which may be turned on it to feed there ... (Mozley and Whiteley, 9th, 1977, p. 330)  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - common%20sans%20nombre

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The expression "common without stint", means common for beasts levant and couchant, it being uncertain how many there are in any particular year, and does not mean common for any number of beasts.(5 Hals., 3rd, 1962, p. 307)  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - common%20sans%20nombre

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage sans nombre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 53, Français, - communage%20sans%20nombre

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An easement is apparent if its existence is evidenced by some apparent sign, whether such sign be patent to everyone or whether it can only be perceived on a careful inspection by a person ordinarily conversant with the subject(12 Hals., 3rd, p. 527).  1, fiche 54, Anglais, - apparent%20easement

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

servitude apparente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 54, Français, - servitude%20apparente

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rights that are attached to land are incorporeal hereditaments. They include certain rights which are naturally or originally attached by law to land, as incidents of ownership, and which may be termed "appendant" rights ... (Adkin, Copyhold and other Land Tenures of England, 3rd ed., 1919, p. 83).  1, fiche 55, Anglais, - appendant%20right

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A right appendant must have been created before 18 Edw. 1(Quia Emptores)(1289-90).(39 Hals., 4th, p. 268)  1, fiche 55, Anglais, - appendant%20right

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit annexe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 55, Français, - droit%20annexe

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To complete a distress a seizure of the chattels is necessary. A seizure may be either actual or constructive. It is actual by laying hands on the article, or on one of several articles, and claiming to detain it or them until the rent is satisfied. The most proper manner of making a distress is for the person distraining to go upon any part of the premises out of which the rent issues and take hold of some personal chattel declaring that it is taken as a distress in the name of all goods, or of so much as will satisfy the rent in arrear, and this will be a good seizure of all. No particular form of words is, however, necessary provided the intention is manifest.(13 Hals., 4th, pp. 155-156)  1, fiche 56, Anglais, - actual%20seizure

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

saisie effective : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 56, Français, - saisie%20effective

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every proprietor of land is entitled to so much lateral support from his neighbour’s land as is necessary to keep his soil at its natural level, that is, his neighbour must not excavate so close to the boundary as to cause the land to fall or subside. (Osborn’s, 7th ed., 1983, p. 316).  1, fiche 57, Anglais, - lateral%20support

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The natural right to support does not entitle the owner of land to insist upon the adjoining land of his neighbour remaining in its natural state, but it is a right to have the benefit of support, which is infringed as soon as, and not until, damage is sustained in consequence of the withdrawal of that support.... The same principles apply to lateral or adjacent support from adjoining land....(14 Hals., 4th, p. 83).  1, fiche 57, Anglais, - lateral%20support

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

appui latéral : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 57, Français, - appui%20lat%C3%A9ral

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "domestic animals" includes all those domestic or tame animals as by habit or training live in association with man. An animal which does not exist in a wild state anywhere in the world is in law a domestic animal. It is a question of law, not fact, whether an animal is within the class of domestic animals or wild animals.(2 Hals., 4th, p. 85-86)  2, fiche 58, Anglais, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession ... (Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, fiche 58, Anglais, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  3, fiche 58, Français, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestique; animal domitae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, fiche 58, Français, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where land is formed by alluvion, namely by the casting up of earth or sand on the shore of the sea, the additional increment belongs to the Crown where the casting up of the earth or sand takes place suddenly. However, where new land is formed by small accretions and the additions or increments are so gradual as to be inappreciable, these belong to the owner of the adjacent land, whether the accretions are due to natural or to artificial causes, provided in the latter case the user of the land is lawful.(8 Hals., 4th, p. 867)  1, fiche 59, Anglais, - alluvion

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alluvion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 59, Français, - alluvion

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A] system of allodial ownership appears to have preceded the feudal system in England.... Such ownership is assumed to have been, at any rate as to bookland, or land received by grant, absolute ownership.(39 Hals., 4th, p. 216)  1, fiche 60, Anglais, - allodial%20ownership

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété allodiale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 60, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20allodiale

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 61,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alienation by deed. Chattels, whether capable or incapable of delivery, may be alienated by deed without delivery, and with or without valuable consideration.(35 Hals., 4th ed., p. 644)  1, fiche 61, Anglais, - alienation%20by%20deed

Fiche 61,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aliénation par acte formaliste : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 61, Français, - ali%C3%A9nation%20par%20acte%20formaliste

Fiche 61,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 62,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where land is formed by alluvion, namely by the casting up of earth or sand on the shore of the sea, the additional increment belongs to the Crown where the casting up of the earth or sand takes place suddenly. However, where new land is formed by small accretions and the additions or increments are so gradual as to be inappreciable, these belong to the owner of the adjacent land, whether the accretions are due to natural or to artificial causes, provided in the latter case the user of the land is lawful.(8 Hals., 4th, p. 867)  1, fiche 62, Anglais, - alluvio

Fiche 62,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alluvion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 62, Français, - alluvion

Fiche 62,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 63,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 63, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Health Activity Limitation Survey(HALS), first conducted in 1986 and then again in 1991, is a post-census survey. It is next schedules to follow the 2001 census. HALS is a broad-based survey of people with health limitations, including physical, mental and psychiatric. It also asks about education, employment, social support services, transportation and housing needs. The 1991 survey included a question about specialized features in the house to enter or live in it.  3, fiche 63, Anglais, - Health%20and%20Activity%20Limitation%20Survey

Record number: 63, Textual support number: 2 OBS

1985-2000. Discontinued.  4, fiche 63, Anglais, - Health%20and%20Activity%20Limitation%20Survey

Fiche 63,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 63, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Enquête sur la santé et les limitations d'activités (ESLA), effectuée pour la première fois en 1986, puis en 1991, est une enquête postcensitaire. La prochaine enquête suivra le recensement de 2001. ESLA est une vaste enquête menée auprès des personnes qui sont limitées dans leurs activités pour des raisons de santé, notamment une déficience physique, mentale ou psychiatrique. Certaines questions portent aussi sur le niveau d'études, l'emploi, les services de soutien social et les besoins en matière de transport et de logement. L'enquête de 1991 comprenait une question sur les caractéristiques spéciales que devraient comporter les habitations afin de faciliter l'accès des occupants et l'accomplissement de leurs activités quotidiennes.  3, fiche 63, Français, - Enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20et%20les%20limitations%20d%27activit%C3%A9s

Record number: 63, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Discontinuée.  4, fiche 63, Français, - Enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20et%20les%20limitations%20d%27activit%C3%A9s

Fiche 63,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 64, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statistics Canada.  1, fiche 64, Anglais, - A%20New%20Approach%20to%20Disability%20Data%20%3A%20Changes%20between%20the%201991%20Health%20and%20Activity%20Limitation%20Survey%28HALS%29%20and%20the%202001%20Participation%20and%20Activity%20Limitation%20Survey%28PALS%29

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 64, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statistique Canada.  1, fiche 64, Français, - Une%20nouvelle%20perspective%20sur%20les%20statistiques%20de%20l%27incapacit%C3%A9%20%3A%20Changements%20entre%20l%27Enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20et%20les%20limitations%20d%27activit%C3%A9s%20%28ESLA%29%20de%201991%20et%20l%27Enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20la%20participation%20et%20les%20limitations%20d%27activit%C3%A9s%20%28EPLA%29%20de%202001

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 65,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 65, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A one time survey of Statistics Canada. "The first objective is to assess and evaluate a series of detailed questions on mental health which are designed to identify and describe populations with chronic mental illness and the subsequent degree of disability they experience. The second major objective of this survey is to compare and evaluate the psychological and mental health data from the Health and Activity Limitation Survey(HALS)(SDDS ID 3221) with more detailed and generally more accepted questions being used in this Health and Activity Survey. Private residences in the province of Ontario and Quebec were surveyed". Survey Id : 3866. Effective date : 1989.  1, fiche 65, Anglais, - Health%20and%20Activities%20Survey