TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Passive space debris removal includes using a deorbiting drag device such as a sail, a chute, a balloon, an electrodynamic tether, an electrospray device, turkey feathers, cross-curve booms, retroreflectors, or the like to increase the atmospheric drag of [of a small satellite] in order to decrease the orbit lifespan.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - passive%20space%20debris%20removal

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Active debris removal entails designing special missions to actively capture large debris and deorbit them from densely populated regions, thus lowering the risk factor for the active satellites. … On the other hand, passive debris removal is a much cheaper way to eliminate debris. Passive debris removal techniques... can involve techniques such as slowing down debris as they pass through some resisting materials, but it is more time-consuming and mostly fit for smaller debris.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - passive%20space%20debris%20removal

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Les principaux objectifs du projet […] sont [de] mettre au point un nouveau concept résolument novateur d'enlèvement semi-contrôlé, basé sur un principe de retrait passif permettant d'assurer la désorbitation d'un engin spatial de grande envergure (>1 t) en le dirigeant vers l'océan Pacifique sans système de propulsion, mais avec une précision d'une fraction d'orbite […]  1, fiche 1, Français, - retrait%20passif

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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desorbitado pasivo de basura espacial: designación validada por un experto de la Comisión de Terminología, Sociedad Española de Astronomía, España.  2, fiche 1, Espagnol, - desorbitado%20pasivo%20de%20basura%20espacial

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Monitoring net exchange fluxes of greenhouse gases(GHGs) over agricultural fields is done either by chamber-based measurement approaches or using micrometeorological techniques. Chamber-based methods provide point-based measurements, but those can be customized and implemented at low costs in the field. Micrometeorological techniques, on the other hand, provide area-integrated measurement of gas exchanges without altering the natural canopy microclimate condition.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - micrometeorological%20technique

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Precast concrete finishers complete construction projects by using hand or power tools to level and refine the surfaces of poured concrete floors, sidewalks, curbs, and other structures. They may use special techniques to produce coloured surfaces or decorative finishes. Finishers may install metal fixtures into concrete slabs or repair and replace damaged concrete structures.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - precast%20concrete%20finisher

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Les finisseurs de béton préfabriqué finissent les projets de construction en se servant d'outils à main ou motorisés pour niveler et raffiner les surfaces des planchers de béton, des trottoirs, des bordures de trottoir, et autres structures. Ils utilisent parfois des techniques spéciales pour produire des surfaces colorées ou des finis décoratifs. Les finisseurs peuvent installer des accessoires de métal aux plaques de béton ou réparer et remplacer les structures de béton endommagées.  2, fiche 3, Français, - finisseur%20de%20b%C3%A9ton%20pr%C3%A9fabriqu%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The binding process carried out as a hand craft, as opposed to machine binding.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - hand%20binding

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Hand binding includes library binding, job binding (the binding of books in small quantities), and blank binding. It comprises two major operations: forwarding and finishing.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - hand%20binding

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Even in hand binding some operations may be performed by machine, but basic hand binding techniques remain virtually unchanged.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - hand%20binding

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Art de relier un livre à la main; s'oppose à la reliure industrielle.  1, fiche 6, Français, - reliure%20%C3%A0%20la%20main

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Comprend les opérations principales suivantes : plaçure, couture, endossure, pose des cartons, couvrure et finissure.  1, fiche 6, Français, - reliure%20%C3%A0%20la%20main

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Le relieur manuel a quelque peu mécanisé son outillage mais, dans l'ensemble, sa technique a peu évolué.  1, fiche 6, Français, - reliure%20%C3%A0%20la%20main

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Rock has two distinct features, faces and cracks. Faces are unbroken slabs of rock. Cracks split these slabs in two.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - crack

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Cracks vary in size from seams to chimneys. They are classified by the techniques used to climb them. Seams are so small you can’t get your fingers in them; tips take only your fingertips; next is finger cracks, off-fingers, hand cracks, off-hands, fist cracks, off-widths, squeeze chimneys, and chimneys.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - crack

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Fracture de rocher, verticale, horizontale, ou oblique, dont se sert le grimpeur pour progresser.  1, fiche 7, Français, - fissure

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Les fissures correspondent à des lignes de fracturation de la roche; selon leur largeur, de quelques millimètres à un mètre environ, les grimpeurs les appellent fissures à doigts, fissures à coincements, fissures larges, fissures-cheminées, cheminées.  1, fiche 7, Français, - fissure

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La technique de la protection [...] nécessite une observation attentive du rocher pour déceler fissures, trous, bracelets du rocher qui vont fournir un emplacement pour un piton, un coinceur, une cordelette.  1, fiche 7, Français, - fissure

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Telecommunications Executive Management Institute of Canada(TEMIC) was thus created as a non-profit organization with the mandate to assist telecommunication organizations from developing and newly industrialized countries in expanding their capacity to build their future. Based in Montreal(Canada), the Institute holds training seminars in Canada and abroad, in order to allow participants to acquire, from member-organizations, first hand knowledge on the latest management techniques and technologies available in Canadian telecommunications.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - Telecommunications%20Executive%20Management%20Institute%20of%20Canada

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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L'Institut des cadres supérieurs en gestion des télécommunications du Canada (TEMIC) fut donc mis sur pied en tant que société sans but lucratif avec le mandat d'accroître la capacité des pays en développement à bâtir leur futur. L'Institut, localisé à Montréal (Canada), organise des séminaires de formation dans divers endroits an Canada et à l'étranger, afin de permettre aux participants d'acquérir, directement de ses sociétés-membres, des connaissances sur les techniques de gestion ainsi que sur les technologies les plus récentes au Canada dans le domaine des télécommunications.  2, fiche 8, Français, - Institut%20des%20cadres%20sup%C3%A9rieurs%20en%20gestion%20des%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications%20du%20Canada

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Polyurethane leather is ... in trend as a substitute for natural leather. It is used primarily as an upper material for shoes, bags and luggage, for automotive interiors and as a coating for ball surfaces, for example. The systems are suitable for use as a finish, topcoat, intermediate coat and an adhesion coat on textile substrates. The success of polyurethane leather is due in part to its economical production, but above all to its property profile which is nearly the equal of, and in some aspects superior to, that of natural leather.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - polyurethane%20leather

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With properties similar to genuine leathers, PU synthetic leather has been widely used in the manufacturing of shoes, handbags, furniture, accessories, and sports equipment. Superior durability, good hand, and breathability have truly made PU synthetic leather a perfect substitute for genuine leather. San Fang produces both woven and non-woven substrate PU coated leathers. The outstanding finishing techniques have successfully earned global recognition for its products.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - polyurethane%20leather

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] les tissus enduits rencontrent une concurrence du PU qui imite mieux le cuir; [...]  4, fiche 9, Français, - similicuir%20en%20polyur%C3%A9thane

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P.U.: Initiales couramment employées pour polyuréthane.  5, fiche 9, Français, - similicuir%20en%20polyur%C3%A9thane

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Raison sociale : Plastiss [...] Domaine d'activités : tissus enduits de PVC et PU. Simili-cuir.  6, fiche 9, Français, - similicuir%20en%20polyur%C3%A9thane

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similicuir : matière plastique imitant le cuir. [...] On écrit aussi simili-cuir.  7, fiche 9, Français, - similicuir%20en%20polyur%C3%A9thane

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The forward stroke is the same for both bow and stern paddlers. Of course there [are] all kinds of fancy techniques you can learn, but you should know that the upper hand on the paddle grips the handle on top, and does not hold the thing like... a golf club. The lower arm, holding the paddle's throat-does most of the work, so you might switch paddling sides once in a while to keep both arms evenly exercised.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - forward%20stroke

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Technique/tactics.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - forward%20stroke

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Technique/tactique.  1, fiche 10, Français, - traction

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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"Professional Bread Baking Techniques" course covers all European bread formulas plus one night working in an excellent artisan bakery to get a better feel for hand made bread production, volume and equipment usage.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - artisan%20bakery

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Boulangerie non industrielle.  2, fiche 11, Français, - boulangerie%20artisanale

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A complementary therapy based on the application of pressure to specific points on the feet and hands.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexology

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Reflexologists work from maps of predefined pressure points that are located on the hands and feet. These pressure points are reputed to connect directly through the nervous system and affect the bodily organs and glands. The reflexologist manipulates the pressure points according to specific techniques of reflexology therapy. By means of this touching therapy, any part of the body that is the source of pain, illness, or potential debility can be strengthened through the application of pressure at the respective foot or hand location.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexology

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Reflexology is also known as zone therapy of the hands and feet; like acupressure, it is an ancient oriental therapy whose techniques date back thousands of years, but which has only this century been taken up and widely practiced in the West.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexology

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Une pratique manuelle ancestrale qui fait partie des médecines naturelles. Il s'agit de massages sous forme de pression rythmées appliquées sur les zones réflexes des pieds et des mains (zones qui correspondent à un organe, une glande ou une autre partie spécifique du corps) pour permettre de localiser les tensions et de rétablir l'équilibre dans les parties du corps correspondantes.  2, fiche 12, Français, - r%C3%A9flexologie

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Core project of International Geosphere-Biosphere Program. BAHC is an interdisciplinary project combining and integrating expertise from many disciplines, in particular eco-physiology, pedology, hydrology, and meteorology. BAHC in this respect has a transfer function : on the one hand developing techniques and algorithms to provide climatic data needed for hydroecological research, thereby translating the results of the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) into the scales relevant for studies of changes of the conditions at the land surface, and on the other hand, providing soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer at larger scales, in particular, the areal pattern of heat and moisture fluxes according to land-surface heterogeneity. BAHC concentrates on investigations at scales where detailed studies of hydroecological processes are feasible in selected areas representing major ecosystems of the world and across boundaries between different ecosystems(ecotones, biome boundaries, etc.).  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - Biospheric%20Aspects%20of%20the%20Hydrological%20Cycle

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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... qui étudie les interactions de la végétation avec les mécanismes physiques du cycle hydrologique.  2, fiche 13, Français, - Programme%20de%20recherche%20sur%20les%20aspects%20biosph%C3%A9riques%20du%20cycle%20hydrologique

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Judo. A category of hand techniques.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - te%2Dwaza

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

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Technique/tactique. Généralement, la plupart des termes japonais en judo s'emploient au masculin, mais il y a des exceptions.  3, fiche 14, Français, - te%2Dwaza

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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JUDO. The standing techniques(tachi-waza), also referred to as nage-waza(throwing techniques) are further divided in te waza(hand techniques), koshi-waza(hip techniques), ashi-waza(foot techniques), ma sutemi waza(rear fall "sacrifice" techniques) and yoko sutemi waza(side fall "sacrifice" techniques).  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - ashi%2Dwaza

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

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Généralement, la plupart des termes japonais en judo s'emploient au masculin, mais il y a des exceptions.  2, fiche 15, Français, - ashi%2Dwaza

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Any loose, fibrous material for use as a padding, stuffing, quilting, etc. Now chiefly, cotton-wool formed into a fleecy layer.  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - wadding

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Batting. Creative quilting. Batting supplies.-Poly-Down Quilt Batting... Poly-down combines Hobbs’ unique bonding techniques with 100% slick/hollow polyester to make a superior batting for the serious quilter. Needles glide through the slick/hollow fibers like no other bonded batting. Washable. Low loft for fine hand quilting.... The cotton batting... is uniform in thickness, easy to quilt by hand as well as by machine... By shrinking slightly after quilting you can achieve a traditional look, or by presoaking the batt you get a flatter, more contemporary look.  4, fiche 16, Anglais, - wadding

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Moorfields Eye Hospital has a range of equipment specially engineered to allow operative techniques to be seen at first hand. Its mobile van and video tape facilities are examples of economical and effective use of CCTV [close circuit television].  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - videotape%20facilities

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

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Ensemble des installations nécessaires pour enregistrer les émissions sur bandes magnétoscopiques.  2, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A9quipement%20vid%C3%A9o

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vidéo : Désigne le plus souvent l'équipement qui permet de lire et de transcrire sur téléviseur, des bandes magnétiques préalablement enregistrées.  1, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A9quipement%20vid%C3%A9o

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Types of technique used, for example, in technological forecasting, which begin with a consideration of the likely future structure and needs of society, and then consider the developments necessary to create that structure and meet those needs. On the other hand, exploratory forecasting techniques make projections based on present knowledge of a technology or product without trying to take into account the likely overall future picture. Particular techniques of technological forecasting include brain-storming, the Delphi approach, morphological research, the scenario writing approach, and technological trend extrapolation.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - normative%20forecasting%20technique

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Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The fishermen of the Aran Isles (off the south-west coast of Ireland) invented these stitches ... A true Aran design consists of a symmetrical arrangement of motifs on either side of a central panel, which can be formed: - by a cable or cabled pattern which can be wide or narrow, simple or complicated and is usually worked on a background of reverse stockinette stitch (one row purl. one row knit). or: - by a panel of fancy pattern usually giving a raised effect. The side panels generally consist of an arrangement of patterns giving a vertical effect. They can be classic: diamonds, single or double zig-zags, ring cables, etc.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - Aran

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Aran sweaters are made from dense, oiled wools called bainin and offer wind and rain proofing... The techniques of cabling and honeycomb, moss and other patterns as well as the development of raised patterns... Many patterns use 400 stitches in rows in which twelve stitches make up an inch. Each stitch had to be of the correct type to make up the desired pattern requiring mathematical, design and topographic skills which would be well used in a software programming environments of today. The Aran sweaters we provide are all genuine Aran sweaters hand knitted in Ireland... Each sweater is a unique hand made garment and is guaranteed hand knitted in Ireland....  4, fiche 19, Anglais, - Aran

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

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Le tricot irlandais : Les marins pêcheurs de l'île d'Aaran (Irlande) l'inventèrent jadis [...] Chaque point irlandais est une association de motifs disposés symétriquement de chaque côté d'un panneau central qui peut être formé: - par une torsade ou un motif torsadé plus ou moins large et plus ou moins travaillé qui ressort le plus souvent sur un fond de jersey envers [...); - par une largeur d'un point fantaisie qui présente en principe un certain relief. Les motifs utilisés pour les parties latérales sont généralement des motifs disposés en lignes. IIs sont classiques : losanges, point zigzag simple ou double, maillons, etc.  1, fiche 19, Français, - point%20irlandais

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Various stenciled techniques will be examined such as hand cut, liquid stencil and resist technique that permits one to draw and paint directly on the screen fabric.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - liquid%20stencil

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The growing of microorganisms, often fungi, on a solid material rather than in a liquid medium.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - solid%20substrate%20fermentation

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The fermentation of solid substrates such as starchy or cellulosic materials can be approached in two different ways. The solid material can be suspended in an aqueous medium. A general problem with such preparations is that gelatinization of the starches, etc. can generate highly viscous broths causing poor mixing and O₂ transfer at dry weight concentrations higher than 2% w/v. There is also the obvious diseconomy of adding so much water to the substrate only to remove it from the product. Alternatively, then, the problem is approached through ’solid state fermentation’, the growth of microorganisms on solid materials without the presence of free liquid.  3, fiche 21, Anglais, - solid%20substrate%20fermentation

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Such techniques can be divided into two basic types : thin layer and deep bed. In the former system, the organisms are grown on the surface of the substrate, which is spread on shallow trays about 2-4 cm deep; the trays are incubated in air-conditioned rooms or cabinets. The simplest deep bed systems consist of heaps of substrate that may be stirred periodically by hand. More sophisticated, fully automated systems include rotating drums, conveyor belt systems, which pass through air-conditioned tunnels, or deep tanks through which air is blown. The substrates used are generally based on wheat bran.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - solid%20substrate%20fermentation

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La production de P.O.U. [peut s'effectuer par la] fermentation en milieu solide. (...) Il s'agit en l'occurrence d'ensemencer à l'aide d'une suspension de levures (Pichia burtonii, Candida tropicalis ...) ou de spores de champignons filamenteux (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. ...) amylolytiques, du manioc ou du mais réduits en semoule d'une granulométrie de quelques mm, et de favoriser la croissance microbienne. Pour cela on assure simultanément une humidité d'environ 50 à 60 %, grâce à une solution de sulfate d'ammonium, de phosphate de potassium et d'urée et un courant d'air humide. (...) La croissance des micro-organismes, qui dure une trentaine d'heures s'effectue au milieu non stérile et se traduit par l'envahissement du substrat par le mycélium (ensemble des cellules fongiques); on a donc un enrichissement global du milieu en protéines nobles, riches en acides aminés essentiels et en particulier en lysine.  1, fiche 21, Français, - fermentation%20en%20milieu%20solide

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Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Furthermore, by using flow visualization techniques, coal volatilization can be studied first hand. The furnace was installed and some preliminary start-up tests were run.  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - flow%20visualization%20technique

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De plus, les techniques de visualisation de l'écoulement permettent d'étudier directement la volatilisation du charbon. Le four a été installé et quelques essais préliminaires de mise en route ont eu lieu.  1, fiche 22, Français, - technique%20de%20visualisation%20de%20l%27%C3%A9coulement

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