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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The shovel shear test provides information about the location where the snow could fail in shear. It is best applied for identification of buried weak layers and does not usually produce useful results in layers close to the snow surface. Soft snow near the surface is better tested with the tilt board and the shear frame or an improvised version of this tilt test.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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Shovel Shear Test. This test can be done on a flat or on a slope. With good technique, the location of weak layers, even thin weak layers, can be found. First dig a hole or pit in the snow. The vertical wall of the pit should be straight up and down, and smooth. Make a mark on the uphill portion of one corner of your pit with your shovel blade. This will mark the boundaries of your column, which should be roughly 30 cm by 30 cm or 12 inches square.(A) Now, cut both sides using a snow saw or your ski, all the way to the floor of the pit making sure that the cuts are straight.(B) The back of the column should only be cut as deep as your shovel blade is long, so measure with your shovel blade(C) and then cut the back.(D) Next, insert your shovel, blade down, in the back cut of the column and pull gently and evenly forward being careful not to lever your shovel handle.(E) Examine the shear layer where the block failed.(F) The force applied to the shovel that causes a weak layer to shear from the layers surrounding it can be rated as follows : Very easy... Easy... Moderate... Hard...  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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The results of the shovel shear test were inconclusive. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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Shovel test: abbreviated form of "shovel shear test." Shovel test may also refer to the shovel tilt test or the shovel compression test.  6, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Observers are cautioned that identification of the weak layers is the primary objective of the shovel shear test. The shovel shear test is not a stability test.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

shovel shear test: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  6, fiche 1, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le test de la pelle consiste à isoler une tranche du manteau neigeux de base carrée (la largeur est celle de la pelle, soit une trentaine de centimètres en moyenne), puis à la tirer vers soi ou à la charger pour détecter la présence de plan(s) de glissement potentiel(s).  4, fiche 1, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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Le test de cisaillement à la pelle n'a pas donné de résultats définitifs. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  5, fiche 1, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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[Ce test n'est] pas à proprement parler un test de stabilité.  4, fiche 1, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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Test de la pelle. [...] Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce test sous la même désignation. Méthode Faarlund. [...] Méthode de Munter.  4, fiche 1, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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test de cisaillement à la pelle; essai de cisaillement à la pelle : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  6, fiche 1, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Test results indicate a hard shear on the December 18 surface hoar. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ]  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - hard%20shear

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hard shear : term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - hard%20shear

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests effectués sur la couche de givre de surface du 18 décembre produisent une rupture par cisaillement difficile. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, fiche 2, Français, - rupture%20par%20cisaillement%20difficile

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rupture par cisaillement difficile : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, fiche 2, Français, - rupture%20par%20cisaillement%20difficile

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cutter-loader based on the plough principle and designed to cut coal which is too hard for the ordinary plough. Two vertical blades, fitted one at each end of the machine, carry cutting picks which shear the coal from the face by an oscillating motion. The machine is hauled backward and forward along the face by a chain haulage mounted on the tail end of the conveyor. The conveyor and slicer are held up to the coal by pneumatic rams spaced along the goaf side of the conveyor. The sheared coal is forced from the face by the wedge shape of the machine and is loaded on to the armoured conveyor by means of specially shaped ramps. The machine has been designed for seams with a minimum thickness of 4 ft and has a maximum cutting depth of 14 in.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - Huwood%20slicer

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rabot activé. La firme anglaise Huwood construit un rabot activé dont les pics, animés d'un mouvement de translation, frappent le massif à la manière de l'aiguille d'un marteau piqueur. L'appareil est alimenté à la fois en courant et en air comprimé. Plusieurs versions en ont été réalisées. Malgré de sérieuses difficultés, il est possible qu'il y ait là une voie intéressante.  1, fiche 3, Français, - rabot%20activ%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

cooling alters the way the carbon (in steel) is distributed, and at the proper lower temperature a hard martensitic phase is achieved.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - martensitic%20phase

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martensite : A metastable transitional structure formed by a shear process during a phase transformation, characterized by an acicular or needlelike pattern; in carbon steel it is a hard, supersaturated solid solution of carbon in a body-centered tetragonal lattice of iron.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - martensitic%20phase

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrairement à la martensite des aciers, certaines phases martensitiques peuvent être très malléables.  1, fiche 4, Français, - phase%20martensitique

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol