TERMIUM Plus^®

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Kidney stones are hard, pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both of your kidneys when high levels of certain minerals are in your urine.... Kidney stones vary in size and shape. They may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pea. Rarely, some kidney stones are as big as golf balls. Kidney stones may be smooth or jagged and are usually yellow or brown. A small kidney stone may pass through your urinary tract on its own, causing little or no pain. A larger kidney stone may get stuck along the way. A kidney stone that gets stuck can block your flow of urine, causing severe pain or bleeding.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - kidney%20stone

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renal calculus; kidney calculus: The plural forms are "renal calculi" and "renal calculuses," and "kidney calculi" and "kidney calculuses," respectively.  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - kidney%20stone

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Des concrétions ou des cristaux, dénommés calculs rénaux ou calculs néphrétiques, se forment parfois dans un rein. Elles résultent d'une combinaison de calcium, d'acide urique et d'autres substances présentes dans l'urine. De nombreuses personnes évacuent les petits calculs rénaux sans aucun symptôme, mais les calculs plus gros peuvent être très douloureux lorsqu'ils se déplacent dans l'uretère, pour atteindre la vessie et sortir du corps.  2, fiche 1, Français, - calcul%20r%C3%A9nal

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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deadline-driven real-time scheduling.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - deadline%2Ddriven

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One of the main difficulties in hard real time systems is to determine the priority values of the control processes. Usually, these computations are done in such a way that the scheduler either does not optimize processor utilisation or is too much specific to the controlled system. In the deadline real time scheduling approach, priorities are computed by the scheduler itself, leading thus to a better processor utilisation and to more generality.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - deadline%2Ddriven

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Les algorithmes d'ordonnancement temps réel par échéance calculent eux-mêmes les priorités des processus en fonction de paramètres divers dépendant aussi bien des processus que de l'état global du système. Cela garantit ainsi un meilleur rendement des processeurs tout en rendant les algorithmes d'ordonnancement moins spécifiques. Le côté adaptatif de certains de ces ordonnanceurs les rend particulièrement intéressants pour la réalisation de systèmes temps réel durs décentralisés.  1, fiche 2, Français, - par%20%C3%A9ch%C3%A9ance

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Ordonnancement temps réel par échéance.  1, fiche 2, Français, - par%20%C3%A9ch%C3%A9ance

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He has developed his own political machine of committed young operatives, he has learned the hard way the complex election rules...  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - hard%20way

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Le state montois [...] a conquis de haute lutte son premier titre de champion de France.  1, fiche 3, Français, - de%20haute%20lutte

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Tactile interpreting is a way of communication for those who are blind and deaf or hard of hearing. One person, the tactile interpreter, puts a hand either on top of or below the other person's hand. They will then make tactile signs on the person's hand so that they can feel and understand what's being said.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - tactile%20interpreter

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[La personne ayant une surdicécité] peut […] avoir recours aux services d'un interprète tactile. [Elle] passe sa main ou ses mains sur celles de l'interprète tactile afin de percevoir les mouvements et de comprendre le message qu'il transmet à l'aide d'une langue des signes.  1, fiche 4, Français, - interpr%C3%A8te%20tactile

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The cargo has been the subject-matter of a sale and is on its way from the seller to the buyer. While in transit the seller hears that the buyer has become insolvent. If the seller is still unpaid it would be very hard on him if he were bound to deliver the goods to the buyer despite the latter's insolvency. The seller is therefore given what has been described as an equitable remedy. He may order the shipowner or the master of the ship not to deliver the goods to the purchaser, but to redeliver them to him.. This is called "stoppage in transitu".  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - stoppage%20in%20transit

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droit d'arrêt en cours de route : source : Braën, A., Le droit maritime au Québec, Montréal, Wilson et Lafleur, 1992, p. 266  3, fiche 5, Français, - droit%20d%27arr%C3%AAt%20en%20cours%20de%20route

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hard : not softened or shaded in any way.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - hard%20white

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An external hard drive is an excellent way to back up files on a computer, or to add more space to a computer. It is easy to use even for people who are not familiar with computer hardware, because it generally just connects to the computer through a USB [universal serial bus] port, and is ready to use without any hardware or software installation necessary.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - external%20hard%20drive

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Si vous réinstallez Windows XP sur un seul ordinateur, ou si vous ne pouvez pas exécuter simultanément votre ancien et votre nouvel ordinateur, vous pouvez utiliser [l'outil] pour stocker vos informations sur un lecteur de disque dur externe, ou sur un dossier partagé de votre réseau domestique. Le processus tout entier prendra une heure environ.  1, fiche 7, Français, - lecteur%20de%20disque%20dur%20externe

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Ultraviolet water treatment is a highly effective and economical way of disinfecting drinking water and wastewater before discharge to rivers or the sea. Ultraviolet destroys all microorganisms including bacteria and viruses that can be hard to kill by chlorination.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - ultraviolet%20water%20treatment

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Le traitement de l'eau par rayons ultraviolets est un procédé extrêmement efficace et économique qui permet la désinfection des eaux potables et des eaux usées avant quelles ne soient déversées dans les rivières ou la mer. Les rayons ultraviolets détruisent tous les microorganismes y compris les bactéries et les virus, qui sont très difficiles à supprimer par la chloration.  1, fiche 8, Français, - traitement%20de%20l%27eau%20par%20rayons%20ultraviolets

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Esmarch bandage(also known as Esmarch's bandage for surgical haemostasis or Esmarch's tourniquet), in its modern form, is a narrow hard rubber tourniquet with a chain fastener that is used to control bleeding by applying it around a limb in such a way that blood is expelled from it. Thus preventing the flow of blood to or from the distal area, making it easier to operate.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Esmarch%20tourniquet

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The original version [of the Esmarch bandage] was designed by Friedrich von Esmarch, professor of surgery at the University of Kiel, Germany, and was generally used in battlefield medicine.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Esmarch%20tourniquet

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The shovel shear test provides information about the location where the snow could fail in shear. It is best applied for identification of buried weak layers and does not usually produce useful results in layers close to the snow surface. Soft snow near the surface is better tested with the tilt board and the shear frame or an improvised version of this tilt test.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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Shovel Shear Test. This test can be done on a flat or on a slope. With good technique, the location of weak layers, even thin weak layers, can be found. First dig a hole or pit in the snow. The vertical wall of the pit should be straight up and down, and smooth. Make a mark on the uphill portion of one corner of your pit with your shovel blade. This will mark the boundaries of your column, which should be roughly 30 cm by 30 cm or 12 inches square.(A) Now, cut both sides using a snow saw or your ski, all the way to the floor of the pit making sure that the cuts are straight.(B) The back of the column should only be cut as deep as your shovel blade is long, so measure with your shovel blade(C) and then cut the back.(D) Next, insert your shovel, blade down, in the back cut of the column and pull gently and evenly forward being careful not to lever your shovel handle.(E) Examine the shear layer where the block failed.(F) The force applied to the shovel that causes a weak layer to shear from the layers surrounding it can be rated as follows : Very easy... Easy... Moderate... Hard...  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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The results of the shovel shear test were inconclusive. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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Shovel test: abbreviated form of "shovel shear test." Shovel test may also refer to the shovel tilt test or the shovel compression test.  6, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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Observers are cautioned that identification of the weak layers is the primary objective of the shovel shear test. The shovel shear test is not a stability test.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

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shovel shear test: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  6, fiche 10, Anglais, - shovel%20shear%20test

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Le test de la pelle consiste à isoler une tranche du manteau neigeux de base carrée (la largeur est celle de la pelle, soit une trentaine de centimètres en moyenne), puis à la tirer vers soi ou à la charger pour détecter la présence de plan(s) de glissement potentiel(s).  4, fiche 10, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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Le test de cisaillement à la pelle n'a pas donné de résultats définitifs. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  5, fiche 10, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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[Ce test n'est] pas à proprement parler un test de stabilité.  4, fiche 10, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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Test de la pelle. [...] Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce test sous la même désignation. Méthode Faarlund. [...] Méthode de Munter.  4, fiche 10, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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test de cisaillement à la pelle; essai de cisaillement à la pelle : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  6, fiche 10, Français, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

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The Impress Service covered every port in Great Britain. Each major port had a captain in charge, while smaller ports had a lieutenant.... The senior officer was known as the regulating officer, and the headquarters chosen was called the Rendezvous. Having set up the Rendezvous, the regulating officer would then hire some of the local hard men as ’gangers’, to form the press gang(on land the press gang was rarely formed by sailors). Being one of the gangers was perhaps the only sure fire way of not being pressed. The Gang was then sent out and roamed the surrounding countryside in search of suitable recruits.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - press%2Dgang

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... the gambit for which we get search warrants can be wide-ranging, all the way from hard entry warrants on premises where people have firearms to what we would call friendly warrants on, say, financial institutions and utilities... where we can obtain information.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - hard%20entry%20search

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... the gambit for which we get search warrants can be wide-ranging, all the way from hard entry warrants on premises where people have firearms to what we would call friendly warrants on, say, financial institutions and utilities... where we can obtain information.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - hard%20entry%20warrant

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A catheter composed of multiple short segments made of hard rubber that are linked together in such a way as to be flexible.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - vertebrated%20catheter

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La pompe à insuline est un instrument médical programmable de distribution d'insuline rappelant la taille d'un télé-avertisseur. Elle est portée en permanence à l'extérieur du corps, reliée à la personne par un mince tube et un cathéter flexible sous la peau.  1, fiche 14, Français, - cath%C3%A9ter%20flexible

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The laser-engraved anilox roll, introduced about 20 years ago, consists of a plasma-sprayed ceramic coating(typically chromium oxide) that is ground and honed to a very smooth finish(in the neighborhood of 5 RMS). The ceramic coating is extremely hard, with a micro-hardness of 1150 to 1300 Vickers.(For comparison, the hardness of chrome plating is around 850 to 950 Vickers.) Hardness is widely used as a guide to strength, wear and erosion resistance of a coating. Due to its extreme hardness, it is not possible to engrave these coatings using a knurling tool. The only way to produce cells in this material is to engrave it with a laser.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - laser%20engraved%20anilox%20roll

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Cylindre anilox revêtu de céramique dont les alvéoles sont creusées à l'aide d'une tête de gravure à laser.  1, fiche 15, Français, - cylindre%20anilox%20avec%20gravure%20laser

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Termes et définition tirés du Vocabulaire de la flexographie de France Brodeur. Reproduction autorisée par l'Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  2, fiche 15, Français, - cylindre%20anilox%20avec%20gravure%20laser

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Making it compulsory for candidates to official posts to be bilingual.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - Quebecking

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The [linguistic] unease was enough to lead voters in three states--Florida, Arizona and Colorado--to support English-as-the-official-language propositions, bringing the total of such states to 17. It's hard to know what to make of the trend. Is it based on the fear that America will go the way of Quebec, where aspirants to public office must speak both English and French... But then I look at Miami, where the disadvantages are more likely to accrue to those who cannot speak Spanish, where it is not difficult to imagine a successful mayoral campaign being undertaken by a candidate who speaks little or no English, and I wonder if those who fear the Quebecking of sections of America may not just have a point.(The Guardian, 8 Jan. 1989, p. 19;5).  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - Quebecking

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[A] pus pocket [in a hoof].  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - hoof%20abscess

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Improperly trimmed feet can lead to cracks and hoof wall separations--one of the most common causes of hoof abscess. ... Too much moisture can also make a horse susceptible to hoof abscesses.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - hoof%20abscess

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Veterinarian Steve O’Grady of Virginia Equine Podiatry Center, confirmed what I had learned the hard way : hoof abscess is a common cause of acute lameness.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - hoof%20abscess

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Abscesses occur when foreign matter, commonly called "gravel," gains entry into the hoof through the sole-wall junction, orwhite line ... The other common cause of subsolar abscess is penetration of the bottom of the foot--usually the sole or frog--by a sharp object.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - hoof%20abscess

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The term applied to the phenomenon which occurs when an output signal is limited in some way by the full range of an amplifier, analog-to-digital converter(ADC) or other device. When this occurs, the signal is flattened a the peak values, the signal approaches the shape of a square wave, and high frequency components are introduced. Clipping may be hard, as is the case when the signal is strictly limited at some level; or it may be soft, in which case the clipping signal continues to follow the input at some reduced gain.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - clipping

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Opération qui consiste à remplacer les parties d'un signal dont la valeur dépasse un certain seuil par la valeur de ce seuil.  1, fiche 18, Français, - %C3%A9cr%C3%AAtage

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Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Gyroscopic principles. Any spinning object possesses gyroscopic characteristics. The central mechanism of the gyroscope is a wheel similar to a bicycle wheel. It’s outer rim has a heavy mass. It rotates at high speed on very low friction bearings. When it is rotating normally, it resists changes in direction. The gyroscope exhibits two predominant characteristics. Rigidity in space. Precession.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - gyroscopic%20principle

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Hands-on experience with gyroscopes is a good way to help children understand rotational motion. Have students experiment with spinning tops on a large, hard, flat surface such as the gymnasium floor. The students should set the tops spinning and make observations about what happens when they push the spinning tops in certain directions. They can try applying force to the gyroscopes at different heights from the ground to see how this affects the movement of a spinning top. All this can be related to gyroscopic principles(such as precession and gyroscopic inertia), as well as applications of these principles(satellites, bicycles, etc.) in real life.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - gyroscopic%20principle

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Les expériences pratiques avec les gyroscopes constituent un bon moyen d'aider les élèves à comprendre le mouvement de rotation. Demander aux élèves de faire tourner des toupies sur une surface vaste, dure et plane comme le plancher du gymnase. Les élèves doivent faire tourner les toupies et observer ce qui se passe quand ils (elles) les poussent dans certaines directions. Ils peuvent essayer d'appliquer de la force aux toupies placées à différentes hauteurs du sol, afin de voir l'effet que cela produit sur leur mouvement. Tout cela peut être relié aux principes gyroscopiques (comme la précession et inertie gyroscopique), ainsi qu'à leurs applications dans la vie courante (satellites, bicyclettes, etc.).  2, fiche 19, Français, - principe%20gyroscopique

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When a bomb is detonated in hard rock, the immediately surrounding medium will flow plastically, crack and deform in a non-linear way; as the stresses imposed by the propagating shock decay to a certain "critical stress" level, elastic propagation begins.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - elastic%20propagation

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Fascicule no 2, NY, 1990  1, fiche 20, Français, - propagation%20%C3%A9lastique

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Reproduit du lexique «Disarmament and Peace Keeping/Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, fiche 20, Français, - propagation%20%C3%A9lastique

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Explosion detonated in close proximity to the surrounding rock and for which the propagating shock wave first cracks and deforms the surrounding medium in a non-linear way(plastically) and later(farther away from the explosion), after a certain critical stress level has been reached, causes the medium to behave elastically; the rock must be hard or water-saturated.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - full%20coupled%20explosion

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Fascicule no 2, New York, 1990  1, fiche 21, Français, - explosion%20coupl%C3%A9e

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Reproduit du lexique «Disarmament and Peace Keeping/Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, fiche 21, Français, - explosion%20coupl%C3%A9e

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[expanded clay or bloated clay : vitreous cellular clay pellets which have been burnt in a cement kiln in such a way as to form hard, air-filled cells. SCOBU 69 116]  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - expanded%20clay%20concrete

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Béton léger dont les granulats sont constitués d'éléments d'argile expansée par cuisson spéciale et utilisé essentiellement comme béton isolant de charge.  3, fiche 22, Français, - b%C3%A9ton%20d%27argile%20expans%C3%A9e

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cooling alters the way the carbon(in steel) is distributed, and at the proper lower temperature a hard martensitic phase is achieved.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - martensitic%20phase

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martensite: A metastable transitional structure formed by a shear process during a phase transformation, characterized by an acicular or needlelike pattern; in carbon steel it is a hard, supersaturated solid solution of carbon in a body-centered tetragonal lattice of iron.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - martensitic%20phase

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Contrairement à la martensite des aciers, certaines phases martensitiques peuvent être très malléables.  1, fiche 23, Français, - phase%20martensitique

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A temper of nonferrous alloys and some ferrous alloys characterized by values of tensile strength and hardness about one-third of the way from those of full hard to those of extra spring temper.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - extra%20hard

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... 12-point crampon... look like the 10-point ones, except that they have two additional horns protruding nearly horizontally from the front. These "front-points" can be used on very steep hard snow and ice to kick one's way up the slope.  4, fiche 25, Anglais, - 12%2Dpoint%20crampon

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The 12-point crampons, sometimes called Lobster Claw Crampons, have the two extra points protruding forward in an angle from the toe end and are used for climbing very steep snow and ice.  5, fiche 25, Anglais, - 12%2Dpoint%20crampon

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Les crampons à douze pointes sont les plus utilisés.  1, fiche 25, Français, - crampon%20%C3%A0%20douze%20pointes

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[Crampon dont] deux pointes sont dirigées vers l'avant selon un angle variable et servent, ainsi que les pointes de la rangée suivante, pour le cramponnage frontal.  1, fiche 25, Français, - crampon%20%C3%A0%20douze%20pointes

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A.T. nov 72  1, fiche 26, Français, - apprendre%20%C3%A0%20ses%20d%C3%A9pens

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D.M. 2 d/75 P.L.F. 7/4/73  1, fiche 27, Français, - chercher%20la%20difficult%C3%A9

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way, shape or form (to have no interest in any)  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - come%20the%20hard%20way

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Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

n'avoir aucun intérêt dans... Déb. 28/11/52 p. 195  1, fiche 28, Français, - commencer%20au%20bas%20de%20l%27%C3%A9chelle

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