TERMIUM Plus^®

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Second, there is liquid-surface holography, in which, usually, the liquid surface, disturbed by both the scattered and the reference acoustic field, is used to reflect light which is made to produce the final image; the hologram itself is at the surface.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - liquid%2Dsurface%20holography

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A later solution [to the lighting issue was an] ’edge-lit’ hologram … which employed a prism to channel light into a glass-plate hologram at the optimal angle to reconstruct the three-dimensional image.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - glass%2Dplate%20hologram

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The upper part of the hologram records the view of the upper part of the object, the right-hand side of the hologram, the right side of the object, and so on. It is like looking through a window at the object itself; and if you reduce the size of the window(e. g., by breaking the hologram into small pieces and looking through a single piece) … Such a hologram is often termed the master or primary hologram as distinguished from a copy or transfer hologram made from it.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - primary%20hologram

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Hologramme [...] appliqué sur une surface en relief [et] réfléchissante, lui permettant de diffracter la lumière.  1, fiche 5, Français, - hologramme%20estamp%C3%A9

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If a plane-wave reference is used for recording and for reconstruction, then the reconstructed image will coincide with the magnified image of the object in amplitude, although the phase will contain the curvature due to the imaging lens. Alternatively, holographic interference of the object and the plane-wave reference can be formed first and its magnified image projected near the hologram plane...  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - holographic%20interference

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Spectroscopic holography refers to techniques in which the detected hologram contains information about specific species in the medium under study. In general, at least two lasers are required with wavelengths chosen carefully to fit the interaction process utilized.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - spectroscopic%20holography

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The high-efficiency hologram … uses a metasurface as a phase modulator to generate reflective hologram … rather than the transmitting image that was formed with light propagating through four layers of metal structures.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - high%2Defficiency%20hologram

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... in the reception mode, the maximum coupling occurs at the incoming angle of 30 degrees, which confirms the accuracy of the design. To confirm the accuracy of the analytical results, a one-dimensional hologram is designed by exploiting the subwavelength quasi-periodic patches,...  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - one%2Ddimensional%20hologram

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[Scientists have] adopted the electrical ladder-network model to find an expression for the diffraction efficiency of the reflection phase hologram, which is actually dependent on the emulsion thickness.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - reflection%20phase%20hologram

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A hologram [that] gives shifted images of the logic array to provide nearest neighbour interaction for image processing applications.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - space%2Dinvariant%20hologram

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It may be interesting to know that the best image resolution in a phase in-line hologram … was obtained with the direct bleaching technique(bromine-methanol), where no ion diffusion takes place during processing.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - phase%20in%2Dline%20hologram

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... the reception of radio signals from orbital satellites at a single ground-based antenna allows synthesizing a one-dimensional hologram. In this case, since the irregularities have certain horizontal dimensions, the results obtained from a linear hologram will depend on the one-dimensional parameters of the irregularities.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - linear%20hologram

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In essence, [optical coherence tomography(OCT) ] provides a multifrequency hologram and the refocusing method may be applied frequency-by-frequency to effectively move the focal plane even to planes outside the Rayleigh range. However, the image in the plane of the original focus is then out of focus.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - multifrequency%20hologram

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First, a digital hologram representing a given three dimensional(3D) object is down-sampled based on a fix, jitter down-sampling lattice. Second, the down-sampled hologram is interpolated, through pixel duplication, into a low resolution hologram that can be displayed with a low-resolution spatial light modulator(SLM).  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - low%2Dresolution%20hologram

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A composite hologram in which a separate hologram is recorded for each input with the reference wave at a new angle of incidence.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - frequency%20multiplexed%20hologram

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It is very recently reported that high resolution electron-holography does indeed show that the contrast in the holographic side-band images is three to five times higher than the contrast in the completely unfiltered centre-band image. ... Any strictly elastic diffuse scattering from defects or amorphous surface films would still be present in the side-band holograms.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - side%2Dband%20hologram

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A photograph, as a two-dimensional recording of an image formed by a lens, can be blurred from the start; the sharpness of the image is not affected by the light source used to illuminate it. The situation, however, is completely reversed for an optical hologram, which is a recording of a stationary quantum interference pattern, not an image.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - optical%20hologram

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L'acquisition d'un hologramme optique s'effectue à l'aide d'un processus d'interférence entre deux faisceaux lumineux issus d'un laser.  1, fiche 20, Français, - hologramme%20optique

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Extraction of the phase encoded in optically stored heterodyne holograms is thus possible with the two tested variants of [phase-shifting interferometry(PSI) ]... The heterodyne hologram practically behaves as a beam splitter with memory, ready to be a part of a phase-shifting interferometer.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - heterodyne%20hologram

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The upscaling quality of holograms was verified by comparing the upscaled hologram with the high-resolution hologram. The hologram image upscaled with deep learning network provides better quality in diffraction patterns and reconstruction compared with conventional upscaling methods.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - high%2Dresolution%20hologram

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A nonlinear hologram enables to record the amplitude and phase of a waveform by spatially modulating the second order nonlinear coefficient, so that when a pump laser illuminates it, this waveform is reconstructed at the second harmonic frequency.  3, fiche 23, Anglais, - nonlinear%20hologram

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Fringes give "contours" measuring the displacement that the object underwent between the two exposures. A variation on this procedure is to make a single-exposure hologram, process it, and return it to the place where it was made with the original object still in place.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - single%2Dexposure%20hologram

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Over the years, [scientists] have demonstrated that one single planar hologram can reach a high resolution(down to 0. 015 nm) in a very narrow spectral range(1 nm) or be designed to work over multiple narrow bands(up to 4).  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - planar%20hologram

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A hologram exhibiting optical power in transforming an object point to a conjugate image point.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - lenticular%20hologram

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A phase-modulation hologram results when the hologram modulates the phase of the illuminating wave such that the resulting wave has relative phase shifts...  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - phase%2Dmodulation%20hologram

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… the diffractive characteristics of a polychromatic hologram can be adjusted by tuning the applied index modulation with respect to the recording parameters.  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - polychromatic%20hologram

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... if a hologram is read out by one of its stored data, then its associated output corresponding to the other will be recalled. In principle, the holographic associative memory utilizes a correlation and a convolution in order to identify and to reconstruct a desired image and/or pattern.  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - holographic%20associative%20memory

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To accelerate optical time reversal based on on-axis interferometry, the quasisingle-shot method was proposed and widely used in many fast [digital optical phase conjugation(DOPC) ] systems for focusing through scattering media. However, this method needs to acquire two images for optical time reversal : one image for the reference beam, and the other one for the interferometric hologram.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - interferometric%20hologram

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[The new approach] takes a [three-dimensional(3D) ] object as a basic element and then adds the holograms of all the 3D objects of one 3D scene together to obtain the ultimate hologram. The superposed hologram is able to reconstruct entire 3D objects.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - superposed%20hologram

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A hologram is an analog information carrier. Perspective information varies continuously across the spatial extent of the hologram. … Consideration of the psychophysics of human sight led to the reduction of the discrete hologram to a horizontal-parallax-only version, greatly reducing the nonessential and redundant information content of the discrete hologram.  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - discrete%20hologram

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Incoherent digital holography refers to a group of methods, in which a 3D [three-dimensional] scene, illuminated by incoherent light, is recorded onto a two-dimensional digital hologram. Since the hologram is stored digitally in the computer, the image of the scene is usually reconstructed from the hologram by a digital computation.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - incoherent%20digital%20holography

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Conoscopic holography was a method suggested to obtain the incoherent hologram without spatially dividing the incident object wavefront into two by utilizing the birefringent crystal slap.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - incoherent%20hologram

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There are two types of representative IDH [incoherent digital holography] techniques : IDH with a structured illumination and a single photodetector termed optical scanning holography and self-interference IDH. The latter IDH is a technique to obtain an incoherent digital hologram by modulating an incoherent light wave between an object and an image sensor.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - incoherent%20digital%20hologram

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Hologramme présentant une série d'images enregistrées à sa surface, dans une succession qui permet, lorsque l'observateur se déplace, de créer une animation.  2, fiche 37, Français, - hologramme%20%C3%A0%20canaux%20multiples

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The image recorded on the holographic plate is called a hologram of the target, which carries both the amplitude and phase of the returned, scattered beam from the target. The first exposure of the holographic plate by the reference beam results in a reference hologram, while the second exposure by the returned beam imposes all changes of the target to the reference hologram.  2, fiche 38, Anglais, - reference%20hologram

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Determining flow velocities from a double-exposure hologram requires particle pairing and the precise extraction of particle positions. This is done by computer-controlled video scanning of the field of particle images in three dimensions.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - double%2Dexposure%20hologram

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… the enormous amount of calculation in the generation of a complex hologram from a 3D [three-dimensional] object model consisting of many points is a huge challenge and the fast CGH [computer-generated holography] calculation problem has been investigated from different perspectives. Another major concern is that holographic display devices such as spatial light modulators(SLM) usually cannot display both the amplitude and phase part of a complex hologram simultaneously.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - complex%20hologram

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Hologramme dont l'enregistrement est fait alors que l'objet est placé très près de la plaque sensible.  2, fiche 41, Français, - hologramme%20de%20Fresnel

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A phase-only hologram … can be calculated from an object image with various methods such as Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm, error diffusion algorithm, random phase mask method and down-sampling mask method.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - phase%2Donly%20hologram

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Dolphins and bats have been using their own brand of sonar for millions of years, and both animals interpret their received pattern of signals by a neural network that closely resembles a real-time hologram.  2, fiche 43, Anglais, - real%2Dtime%20hologram

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In the commonly used segment Fourier transform method for rainbow hologram reconstruction, the computation of 2D [two dimensional] Fourier transform on each hologram segment is very time consuming.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - hologram%20segment

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For the acquisition of a single pair of double exposure holograms, a reference hologram … is captured at an initial state of deformation, an acoustic excitation is applied, and a deformed hologram … is captured after a controlled time delay …  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - deformed%20hologram

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… by this type of hologram deformation, it is possible to retrieve the EFI [extended focus image] of a tilted object, putting all parts of the object in focus in a single constructed image.  2, fiche 46, Anglais, - hologram%20deformation

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The holographic principle is an emerging notion within physics that the universe we know could be viewed as holographic. A hologram is essentially a means of storing the information for a system in a form that exists a dimension lower, like a 3D image projected from a 2D film.  2, fiche 47, Anglais, - holographic%20principle

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… the twin-image problem of conventional holography is a direct consequence of the fact that the hologram is recorded on a two‑dimensional surface. Like optical volume holography, which overcomes this problem by recording a diffraction pattern on a thick photographic emulsion, multienergy [holographic crystallography] HXT does so by recording the pattern in a volume of reciprocal space.  2, fiche 48, Anglais, - optical%20volume%20holography

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Recently, some methods for generating CGH [computer‑generated holograms] from three-dimensional objects have been proposed. … There are three types : pure amplitude hologram, pure phase hologram, and complex hologram …  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - pure%20amplitude%20hologram

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Solar holograms are those holograms that are designed and used to take solar energy and divert, concentrate, disperse, reflect, or otherwise modify it for a variety of purposes.  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - solar%20hologram

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Hologramme dont la restitution de l'image se fait avec la lumière du soleil.  1, fiche 50, Français, - hologramme%20solaire

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Under the pixelated performance of an SLM [spatial light modulator], an optical trap focuses at a distance … by displaying the following phase profile onto the liquid crystal plane … One immediate result of hologram discretization is the decrease in trap steering efficiency.  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - hologram%20discretization

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A thick transmission hologram is angular sensitive. Hence[, ] the lateral location of the input is critical, which means it is highly space variant.  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - thick%20transmission%20hologram

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The entire system delivers single pixel accuracy for more than 95% of the generated displacement vectors. The current system records, reconstructs, digitizes and erases a particle field hologram in less than 3 [minutes]. This allows for large-scale repetitive measurements(more than a hundred holograms [in] a single day), thereby enabling the acquisition of three-dimensional flow statistics.  2, fiche 53, Anglais, - particle%20field%20hologram

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Another way of making the original photographs for mastering is to take the camera round the subject at a constant distance … The photographs are combined in the same way, but this time the finished hologram is part of a cylinder, with the image of the subject at its center. Cylindrical stereograms are a kind of one-step rainbow hologram.  1, fiche 54, Anglais, - cylindrical%20stereogram

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A hologram that uses a mixture of gelatin, water, and ammonium dichromate as an emulsion.  2, fiche 55, Anglais, - dichromated%20gelatin%20hologram

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A hologram made with electron waves rather than visible light.  2, fiche 56, Anglais, - electron%20hologram

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An optical reconstruction method is the direct implementation of Gabor’s original holography idea in which the wavefronts of electron waves are replaced by those of light waves … The electron holograms are regarded as diffraction gratings, and laser lights are irradiated on them as reconstruction waves.  3, fiche 56, Anglais, - electron%20hologram

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The production of cylindrical holographic stereograms, or multiplex holograms, requires the use of a large, low [f number] cylindrical lens to form a line image on the holographic film.  4, fiche 57, Anglais, - multiplex%20hologram

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… in cylindrical holography, the vertical property is the same as that of the planar hologram : neither the vertical viewing zone nor vertical reconstructible size is improved …  2, fiche 58, Anglais, - cylindrical%20holography

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Holographic multiplexing means compression of additional information into the hologram...  2, fiche 59, Anglais, - holographic%20multiplexing

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… a copy hologram is made by laying a photoresist coated plate in close contact to the original hologram and illuminating the original hologram through the photoresist plate.  4, fiche 60, Anglais, - copy%20hologram

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Hologramme obtenu par l'enregistrement de l'image de la matrice holographique […] sur l'émulsion d'un deuxième hologramme […]  1, fiche 60, Français, - hologramme%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Un hologramme de seconde génération peut être du type transmission ou du type réflexion. Il est visible à la lumière blanche.  1, fiche 60, Français, - hologramme%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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The recording of sound waves in a two-dimensional pattern(the hologram) and the use of the hologram to reconstruct the entire sound field throughout a three-dimensional region of space.  3, fiche 61, Anglais, - acoustic%20holography

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Acoustical holography involves reconstruction of the sound field that arises due to radiation of sound at a boundary, such as the vibrating body of a violin, the fuselage of an aircraft, or the surface of a submarine.  3, fiche 61, Anglais, - acoustic%20holography

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Optoelectronic reconstruction can be realized by using an electronic addressing reflective liquid-crystal display(LCD) spatial light modulator. A binary digital hologram from the computer is loaded on a LCD panel. A clear image can be observed in the distance by illuminating a reference light from a laser source to the liquid-crystal panel.  2, fiche 62, Anglais, - binary%20digital%20hologram

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The Fourier-Fraunhofer hologram, in which the object and the reference source are at infinity in the recording step, is the only practical case where an aberration-free image may be reconstructed from a plane hologram when the reconstruction source is not at the same place as the reference source relative to the hologram.  4, fiche 63, Anglais, - Fourier%20hologram

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binary Fourier hologram  5, fiche 63, Anglais, - Fourier%20hologram

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Hologramme formé par un objet plat situé dans le point focal d'une lentille.  3, fiche 63, Français, - hologramme%20de%20Fourier

Fiche 63,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 64, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The curved multiplexing based on a curved hologram can improve FOV [field of vision] and information capacity...  2, fiche 64, Anglais, - curved%20hologram

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 64,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 65,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 65,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 65, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hologramme de réflexion obtenu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser unique, servant à la fois de faisceau objet et de faisceau de référence.  3, fiche 65, Français, - hologramme%20par%20r%C3%A9flexion%20%C3%A0%20faisceau%20unique

Fiche 65,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 66,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cylindrical hologram has a 360 [degree] look-around property and can be observed from any direction.  2, fiche 66, Anglais, - cylindrical%20hologram

Fiche 66,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 66,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Œuvre holographique comportant plusieurs hologrammes, juxtaposés ou superposés, destinés à former un ensemble mural ou tridimensionnel.  1, fiche 67, Français, - hologramme%20composite

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 68, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Detour phase is the design principle … and is the core concept behind binary holograms, where the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are imposed by an array of apertures on an opaque screen. In a typical binary hologram, the dimension of each aperture sets the amount of light passing through it.  2, fiche 68, Anglais, - binary%20hologram

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hologramme ayant été exposé plusieurs fois à la lumière du laser.  1, fiche 69, Français, - hologramme%20%C3%A0%20expositions%20multiples

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Computer-generated holograms may be produced using different forms of [wave-front] encoding methods. In the following section, three of the most representative [methods] are reviewed : detour-phase hologram, kinoform, and binary computer-generated hologram.  3, fiche 70, Anglais, - binary%20computer%2Dgenerated%20hologram

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 71,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 71, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An interferogram in which fringes can be seen with the naked eye.  2, fiche 71, Anglais, - auxiliary%20hologram

Fiche 71,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 71,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 72,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A major step forward has now been made, whereby aerosol holograms can be measured automatically by interfacing the Quantimet 720 Image Analysing Computer with a new holographic reconstruction configuration.  2, fiche 72, Anglais, - aerosol%20hologram

Fiche 72,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 72,  Justifications,  Espagnol