TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a combination of chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis supplemented by pulmonary emphysema.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - chronic%20obstructive%20pulmonary%20disease

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... disease of the horse... Clinical signs include chronic cough, loud abnormal breath sounds and a double expiratory effort.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - chronic%20obstructive%20pulmonary%20disease

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Some authors consider the terms "heaves" and "broken wind" as being synonymous with "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease."  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - chronic%20obstructive%20pulmonary%20disease

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Syndrome respiratoire chez le cheval.  1, fiche 1, Français, - maladie%20obstructive%20respiratoire

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

EPOC; epoc; Epoc: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que, el acrónimo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es "EPOC", enteramente con mayúsculas, y puede lexicalizarse como "epoc", con minúsculas, por lo que "Epoc" es una grafía inadecuada. [...] El plural, por su parte, no se marca en la escritura en el propio acrónimo (las "EPOC", no las "EPOCs"), pero sí en la forma lexicalizada, en la que se añade -⁠s (las "epocs").  3, fiche 1, Espagnol, - enfermedad%20pulmonar%20obstructiva%20cr%C3%B3nica

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tetanus(lockjaw) is caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, particularly in deep or closed wounds, such as puncture wounds, but may occur, due to intestinal infections. This highly fatal disease is a constant threat for all horses as the bacteria are widely distributed in soil and manure.... Clinical signs of tetanus in affected horses begin following an incubation period of 3 days to several weeks, but usually 1 to 2 weeks. Muscle spasms and stiff paralysis progressing from the head to the neck, front, and then hind legs occurs.... The horse may be unable to swallow, resulting in saliva dripping from the mouth and regurgitation of ingested food and water through the nose. Convulsions, muscle rigidity, sweating, and fever may follow.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - tetanus

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tétanos est causé par des neurotoxines produites par Clostridium tetani, une bactérie présente dans le sol et les matières fécales de certains mammifères. À la faveur d'une brèche cutanée (plaie, abcès de pieds, cordon ombilical), C. tetani prolifère et produit la tétanolysine (qui lyse les tissus environnants et crée un milieu favorable à l'infection) et la tétanospasmine. La tétanospasmine remonte le long de l'axone des motoneurones et bloque la libération du neurotransmetteur GABA [acide gamma-aminobutyrique] par les interneurones inhibiteurs, ce qui lève l'inhibition de la contraction musculaire. Ceci entraîne une tétanie spastique [...] Les chevaux sont parmi les mammifères les plus sensibles au tétanos. Les spasmes commencent généralement au niveau de la tête et du cou (hyperextension de l'encolure, procidence de la 3e paupière, lèvres et nez retroussés), puis évoluent en une raideur généralisée, une incapacité à se nourrir, un décubitus et la mort par arrêt respiratoire.  3, fiche 2, Français, - t%C3%A9tanos

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special oval-shaped horseshoe designed to help problem hooves.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - egg%2Dbar%20shoe

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Unlike standard shoes, the egg-bar shoe provides support beneath the heel, which is especially beneficial when a horse has navicular disease, collapsed heels, underrun hooves, and flat soles.... Egg-bar shoes are also used to give more support on soft ground. However, if your horse is wearing these shoes, do not turn him out into a muddy area. Mud, manure, straw and other debris easily collect inside the egg-bar shoe.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - egg%2Dbar%20shoe

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A defect that does not interfere with the horse’s action and function.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - blemish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A blemish on a horse is a condition we see on the animal which was caused by a disease, an accident or was inherited, and it merely detracts from the animal' s appearance. A blemish never interferes with the animal' s ability to work.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - blemish

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Défaut physique.  1, fiche 4, Français, - tare

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On parle aussi de tare molle (d'origine synoviale) et de tare dure (d'origine osseuse).  1, fiche 4, Français, - tare

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a condition found in the horse either caused by an accident to the animal, a result of a disease, or inherited and this condition interferes with the horses’ ability to work.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - unsoundness

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many unsoundnesses are blemishes as well. Certain unsoundnesses are referred to as hereditary on account of their marked tendency to reappear in succeeding generations. It is interesting to note that of 19 common unsoundnesses of the horse, 15 of them are known or thought to be hereditary.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - unsoundness

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Défectuosité acquise, consécutive au travail ou accidentelle, qui déforme un membre et déprécie l'animal sur le plan de l'esthétique comme sur celui du service qu'on peut en attendre.  2, fiche 5, Français, - tare

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Defecto físico o psíquico, por lo común importante y de carácter hereditario.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - tara

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A disease of the horse in which a deposit of bone(bone spavin) or an infusion of lymph(bog spavin) develops in the hock joint, usually causing lameness.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - spavin

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumeur osseuse du jarret du cheval.  2, fiche 6, Français, - %C3%A9parvin

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumor en la parte interna e inferior del corvejón de los caballos, que, endurecido, causa su cojera.  2, fiche 6, Espagnol, - esparav%C3%A1n

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Flatworm Phylum includes two groups of well-known parasitic species; the Tapeworms ... and Flukes .... These are important species to humans directly and indirectly through their negative interactions with food and ornamental animal life, including fishes.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - ornamental%20animal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dimetrazole [is] widely used in the treatment of bacterial disease and protozoom disease of pig, cattle, horse, fowl, economic animal and some ornamental animal.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - ornamental%20animal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[Parrots] became more widely available and popular. Keep in mind, however, that parrot availability was still limited to the highest echelons of society. Keeping an ornamental animal that did not useful work around the farm or home was entirely out of reach for the average citizen.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - ornamental%20animal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Hack/Show horse. Perfect to look at with good confirmation. An ornamental animal with style and elegance, lovely manners, intelligence and presence with graceful, extravagant action.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - ornamental%20animal

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cygne est le plus grand et le plus majestueux de nos palmipèdes. Il représente l'animal d'ornement par excellence.  2, fiche 7, Français, - animal%20d%27ornement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] comme le poisson, le reptile est aussi un animal d'ornement, dénué de tout sens affectif.  3, fiche 7, Français, - animal%20d%27ornement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Le daim suscite peu d'intérêt chez le chasseur d'aujourd'hui, en France du moins. On le présente souvent comme un animal d'ornement ayant gardé des séquelles de semi-domestication.  4, fiche 7, Français, - animal%20d%27ornement

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A highly infectious, fatal disease of horses, donkeys and mules.  5, fiche 8, Anglais, - African%20horse%20sickness

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is caused by a viscerotropic arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes and possibly Culicoides sp.  5, fiche 8, Anglais, - African%20horse%20sickness

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie infectieuse mortelle du cheval, de la mule et de l'âne.  4, fiche 8, Français, - peste%20%C3%A9quine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle est provoquée par un certain nombre de souches virales qui sont propagées par des insectes vecteurs.  4, fiche 8, Français, - peste%20%C3%A9quine

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad vírica mortal, producida por un virus viscerotrópico de la familia Reoviridae, género orbivirus, que afecta a los equinos.  4, fiche 8, Espagnol, - peste%20equina%20africana

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La enfermedad es endémica en África central, desde donde se extiende regularmente al resto de África. Fuera de África se producen brotes esporádicos. En España el último episodio de peste equina africana ocurrió en 1990.  5, fiche 8, Espagnol, - peste%20equina%20africana

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA). [...] EL CISA es Centro de Referencia de la OIE y FAO para la peste porcina africana y la peste equina; Centro de Referencia europeo para enfermedades vesiculares animales y Centro Nacional de Referencia para enfermedades exóticas.  6, fiche 8, Espagnol, - peste%20equina%20africana

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se transmite por insectos hematófagos (varias especies del género Culicoides) en el estado febril del animal.  4, fiche 8, Espagnol, - peste%20equina%20africana

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Removing part or all of a horse's winter coat allows him to carry out fast work without undue distress. Clipping also allows the horse to dry more quickly; it is easier to groom the horse and spot the first sign of any injury thus helping to prevent disease. It also improves the horse's appearance.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - clipping

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au début de l'hiver, les poils d'hiver des chevaux poussent, il faut donc les tondre pour ne pas qu'ils aient trop chaud en travaillant, et après la tonte leur mettre une couverture au box et un couvre-reins pendant le travail.  1, fiche 9, Français, - tonte

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chronic contagious disease of the horse family(Equidae) only, characterized by a purulent inflammation of the superficial lymphatic vessels and of certain of the lymphatic glands, with a tendency to abscess formation.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - epizootic%20lymphangitis

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Causal agent: a fungus Histoplasma (Cryptococcus) farciminosum.  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - epizootic%20lymphangitis

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie qui se caractérise par une lymphangite (c.-à-d. une inflammation des vaisseaux lymphatiques) dont le point de départ consiste en une plaie, avec adénites et ulcères cutanés (basée sur VIVET, 1984, P. 269).  2, fiche 10, Français, - lymphangite%20%C3%A9pizootique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Organisme pathogène : (Cryptococcus) farciminosus  2, fiche 10, Français, - lymphangite%20%C3%A9pizootique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Lymphangite épizootique à Histoplasma farciminosum.  3, fiche 10, Français, - lymphangite%20%C3%A9pizootique

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lameness as a result of disease in the carpal region of the horse is often clinically evident based on physical examination and type of exercise for which the horse is used. Effusion of the antebrachiocarpal joint and/or middle carpal joint and pain upon flexion of the carpus are the two most common clinical signs found that indicate pain and lameness due to carpal disease.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - carpal%20region

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pathogenesis of AIDS is dependent on the biology of HIV, e. g :"Trojan horse" mechanism-virus escapes recognition by replication inside monocytes, from where it can spread to other tissues and other hosts. Latency-Lentiviruses do not show true latency(unlike Herpes viruses or lambda) but do have the capacity to control the expression of their genome by means of virus-encoded trans-acting regulatory proteins(tat and rev). Antigenic variation-new variants continually arise. In other Lentiviruses such as CAEV, each new antigenic variant results in a flare up of disease.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - antigenic%20variant

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La variabilité est une stratégie classique des microorganismes persistants; du fait des délais de mise en route de la réponse immunitaire, l'organisme présente toujours un temps de retard sur les variants antigéniques présents dans l'organisme.  1, fiche 13, Français, - variant%20antig%C3%A9nique

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A disease in which horses become stiff in their limbs while performing exercise, or soon afterwards. The stiffness and soreness may be so severe that the horse cannot move. The creatinine-phosphokinase and other relevant serum enzyme levels are very high. The disability is likely to be a permanent characteristic of an individual horse.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - tying%2Dup%20syndrome

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The all-embracing terms "tying-up" or "set-fast" are used to denote horses which become stiff and sore in their limbs, showing cramped and slow movement without actual lameness.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - tying%2Dup%20syndrome

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le syndrome du cheval «noué». Les termes «noué» ou «collé» sont employés pour parler des chevaux qui deviennent raides et ont les membres douloureux; leurs mouvements sont lents et étriqués, sans véritable boiterie.  1, fiche 14, Français, - syndrome%20du%20cheval%20nou%C3%A9

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol