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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A helmet specifically designed to protect the head of the horse rider from horse's hoof strokes or hard objects on the ground in case of a fall.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - riding%20cap

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Casque, porté par le cavalier, destiné à protéger sa tête des coups de sabots ou des objets durs sur le sol en cas de chute.  4, fiche 3, Français, - bombe

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bombe d'équitation [...] Protection pour le cavalier. Bombe légère et moderne, ventilation frontale. Revêtement en suédine microfibre douce.  2, fiche 3, Français, - bombe

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hot walker's number one task is to cool out the horse and he or she must be waiting for the horse when it returns from the track. The exercise rider will stop the horse in the shed row or stall and remove the tack... and the hot walker will... then walk the horse to cool it out from the jog, gallop or breeze it had. Hot walkers walk the horse inside in the barn or in an outside oval walking ring and will stop every lap or so to offer the horse water.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - hot%20walker

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Employé qui s'occupe du conditionnement des chevaux après la course.  3, fiche 4, Français, - aide%2D%C3%A9cuyer

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person whose main occupation is riding horses in horse racing or harness racing.  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A driver or rider of a horse holds the reins in his hands.  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A jockey usually weighs no more than 100 to 120 pounds (45 to 55 kilos) because his/her weight is included in the mass the horse has to carry or pull.  8, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Jocke", "driver" and "rider" are the terms used for a person mounting a horse in horse racing or riding a horse and sulky in harness racing; "rider" is used in all other equestrian sports. "Driver" is the term used in Blue Bonnets racetrack's documents.  8, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

jock: Short for "jockey."  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The term "reinsman" is used in harness racing.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - jockey

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Celui (celle) dont le métier est de monter ou de conduire les chevaux en courses montées ou en courses attelées.  4, fiche 5, Français, - jockey

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On dit «jockey» et «conducteur» en courses montées et en courses attelées; «pilote» en courses attelées.  4, fiche 5, Français, - jockey

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Steer wrestling, also known as bulldogging, is a rodeo event in which a horse-mounted rider chases a steer, drops from the horse to the steer, then wrestles the steer to the ground by twisting its horns.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - steer%20wrestling

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terrassement du bouvillon est une épreuve où deux cow-boys et deux chevaux doivent coopérer afin que l'un des cow-boys saute de son cheval, attrape le jeune bœuf et tente de le coucher par terre en le prenant par les cornes.  2, fiche 6, Français, - terrassement%20du%20bouvillon

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The YHRA is a registered Yukon society dedicated to the sport of horseback riding in the Yukon Territory, Canada. The Association aims to encourage good horsemanship and help promote interest in the light horse industry.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - Yukon%20Horse%20%26%20Rider%20Association

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Surplus weight carried by a horse when the rider cannot make the required weight.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - weight%20penalty

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[In condition (or allowance) races,] a basic weight allowance for age and sex of horse is varied by added weight penalties for past successes (measured in prize money terms).  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - weight%20penalty

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horse racing term.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - weight%20penalty

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Augmentation de poids que doivent porter certains chevaux de course, en raison de leurs gains.  3, fiche 8, Français, - surcharge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme de courses de chevaux.  4, fiche 8, Français, - surcharge

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who is licensed by a Commission to administer and enforce the applicable rules of racing at a race-course.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - judge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horse racing and harness racing. Each meeting is presided over by stewards approved by the Jockey Club (usually three in number), whose duty it is to see that the rules of [horse] racing are observed during the meeting. They have the power to hear objections to the winner on any grounds, and to fine or suspend a jockey for crossing, jostling, bumping, boring, or other forms of foul riding. They can also order saliva and other dope tests to be taken and report their findings to the stewards of the Jockey Club.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - judge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Equestrian sports. The steward inspects the bridles, saddlery and dress of each horse and rider before they enter the arena.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - judge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Steward" has the same meaning as "judge."  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - judge

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne autorisée aux termes d'une licence délivrée par la commission à appliquer à un hippodrome les règles de course applicables et à en contrôler l'exécution.  1, fiche 9, Français, - juge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Courses montées et courses attelées. Technicien nommé par le comité des courses, dont la nomination est approuvée par le ministre. Au nombre de trois au moins par société, les commissaires sont chargés de faire appliquer toutes les prescriptions du Code et jugent souverainement toutes les questions de fait.  3, fiche 9, Français, - juge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sports équestres. Le commissaire vérifie le harnachement de chaque cheval avant son entrée en piste.  4, fiche 9, Français, - juge

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A horse will also be disqualified if its rider, by foul riding, jeopardizes another horse's chances. A horse may be disqualified or its placing altered : if, in a steeplechase or hurdle race, it crosses and interferes with another horse at or in the home run from the last fence or hurdle; if, in a flat race, it crosses and interferes with another horse in any part of the race.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - disqualify

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The board makes rules to ... determine the rule violations for which it may withdraw or disqualify a horse from a race, set it back in the order of finish or refuse its entry in a race, or invalidate an offer to purchase a horse having taken part in a race.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - disqualify

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An Act Respecting Racing.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - disqualify

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

disqualify a horse  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - disqualify

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

distancer : [...] disqualifier un concurrent et l'exclure du classement à la suite d'une infraction aux conditions de la course.  3, fiche 10, Français, - distancer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un cheval est distancé à l'arrivée lorsque les règlements généraux ou les conditions de la course n'ont pas été respectés; le distancement d'un cheval est prononcé, par exemple, si l'itinéraire prévu n'a pas été suivi, si lors de la pesée à l'arrivée son jockey (y compris sa selle et son bridon) n'accuse plus le poids imposé, si son jockey a, pendant la course, gêné un ou plusieurs concurrents, etc; [...]  4, fiche 10, Français, - distancer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La Régie peut prendre des règles pour [...] déterminer les manquements aux règles pour lesquelles elle peut rétirer, rétrograder ou disqualifier un cheval qui prend part à une course, refuser qu'il y prenne part ou invalider une offre d'achat pour un cheval qui a pris part.  5, fiche 10, Français, - distancer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi sur les courses.  5, fiche 10, Français, - distancer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

disqualifier un cheval  6, fiche 10, Français, - distancer

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An equestrian event asking for speed and accuracy, in which the aim is, for the horse and rider, to jump a set course of fences, in the right order and without knocking them down, while working against the clock.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - show%20jumping

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Show jumping competitions are held in an indoor or outdoor arena. The designer of the course can choose from a wide range of jumps that fall into three main categories: uprights, spreads and triples.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - show%20jumping

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Show jumping has three main categories of competition: those which primarily test jumping ability but use time as the deciding factor in order to reach a final result; those which test jumping ability alone; and those which put a premium on speed and agility. Most competitions [fall] into the first category.  6, fiche 11, Anglais, - show%20jumping

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épreuve équestre alliant vitesse et précision dont l'objectif, pour le cavalier et sa monture, est de franchir tous les obstacles, dans l'ordre déterminé et sans les renverser, tout en courant contre la montre.  3, fiche 11, Français, - saut%20d%27obstacles

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les compétitions de saut d'obstacles peuvent se tenir sur une piste intérieure ou extérieure. Le concepteur du parcours choisit parmi une vaste gamme d'obstacles qui se divisent en trois principales catégories : les obstacles droits, les larges et les triples.  3, fiche 11, Français, - saut%20d%27obstacles

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le saut d'obstacles compte trois catégories d'épreuves : celle visant à déterminer l'habileté à sauter tout en utilisant le temps comme facteur déterminant; celle qui ne mesure que l'habilité à sauter; et celle qui insiste sur la vitesse et l'agilité.  3, fiche 11, Français, - saut%20d%27obstacles

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Salto de obstáculos. La disciplina de saltos consiste en franquear a caballo un recorrido de varios obstáculos construidos con barras, sin cometer ninguna falta ni de rehúse ni de derribo. Las pruebas se disputan siguiendo varios baremos: contrarreloj, caza, potencia, con cronómetro, etcétera, y se clasifican en distintos grupos de acuerdo con las alturas, que oscilan entre 1,10 m y 1,60 m.  5, fiche 11, Espagnol, - salto%20de%20obst%C3%A1culos

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

salto en pista; salto; salto hípico: términos utilizados generalmente en plural.  6, fiche 11, Espagnol, - salto%20de%20obst%C3%A1culos

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first event in a rodeo, by tradition, is bareback horse riding, in which a wild, untamed horse, or bronco, tries to buck the rider off its back.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - bareback%20horse%20riding

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La monte à cru. [...] Pour le concurrent, l'épreuve la plus redoutable : il doit se maintenir au moins huit secondes sur le dos d'un cheval parfaitement obstiné. Pas de selle, pas de bride, ni la moindre corde, mais une simple langue de cuir, le «rigging», passée autour de l'animal.  1, fiche 12, Français, - monte%20%C3%A0%20cru

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An athletic event for both horse and rider in which the first goal is to complete the marked trails; and the second goal is to ride this trail as rapidly as the condition of horse and rider allows.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - endurance%20riding

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épreuve d'extérieur courue à vitesse imposée ou libre sur un itinéraire balisé avec des examens vétérinaires validant la capacité du poney/cheval à parcourir de longues distances.  2, fiche 13, Français, - endurance%20%C3%A9questre

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A man [or woman] who rides on horseback.  6, fiche 14, Anglais, - rider

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne qui monte à cheval ou qui sait monter à cheval.  5, fiche 14, Français, - cavalier

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person, man or woman, riding a horse in a dressage event.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - dressage%20rider

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

She is an international dressage rider who rode for Canada in the 1982 World Championship.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - dressage%20rider

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dressage : An equestrian event in which a rider guides his/her horse, without reins, through various manoeuvres and figures using barely perceptible signals of hands, legs and shifts in weight to demonstrate the horse's obedience, submission and training, and the ability of the horse and rider to work together so that the required manoeuvres are performed in the given period of time.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - dressage%20rider

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne, homme ou femme, qui monte un cheval dans l'épreuve de dressage.  2, fiche 15, Français, - cavalier%20de%20dressage

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dressage : Épreuve visant à démontrer l'obéissance et la soumission du cheval, la qualité de l'entraînement reçu et l'unisson du cavalier et de sa monture dans l'exécution d'une série de figures et de mouvements prescrits à l'intérieur de la période de temps alloué. Le dressage est issu de la haute école. Le cavalier n'utilise pas de rênes; le cheval obéit aux indications à peine perceptibles qu'il lui donne par un toucher de la main, une pression des jambes ou le déplacement du poids de son corps.  2, fiche 15, Français, - cavalier%20de%20dressage

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At each station, as the time approached for the express to arrive, the relay horse was saddled and in waiting. As the rider dashed in he jumped from his horse, and with but a moment's rest, threw the saddle-bags containing the letters upon the fresh horse and was off again, riding like the wind.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - relay%20horse

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Within two minutes of arriving at a station, a Pony Express rider left on a fresh horse. To speed up the transfer, mail was carried on top of the saddle in a removable leather overlay, or mochila.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - fresh%20horse

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Westfalen, also known as the Westphalian horse, originates in Westphalia, the North Rhine area of Western Germany.... The Westfalen, or Westphalian horse, possesses a composed and relaxed nature. It is known for its trainability and rideability. It is highly valued by both professional and amateur riders in the show jumping and dressage disciplines. It is a big mover, and as such may not be suited to the casual rider.  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - Westphalian%20horse

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Westphalian or Westfalen horse is a breed of German warmblood with a long and illustrious history. ... These horses are well suited to equestrian sports, especially dressage and jumping, and a number of horses in Olympic competition are Westphalians.  4, fiche 18, Anglais, - Westphalian%20horse

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le westphalien fit une entrée fracassante dans le monde du cheval de compétition à la fin des années 1970.  3, fiche 18, Français, - cheval%20westphalien

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A horse rider officially recognized by the national association and so, allowed to ride horses in races during the year.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - active%20driver

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

driver: A person who rides a sulky and controls a harness horse in a race.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - active%20driver

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A "driver" is one who drives an animal or a vehicle as is a person who rides a sulky and controls a horse in harness racing.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - active%20driver

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pilote de chevaux officiellement reconnu(e) par l'association nationale concernée et pouvant, de ce fait, piloter des chevaux dans des courses au cours de l'année.  1, fiche 19, Français, - conducteur%20actif

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conducteur, conductrice : Termes utilisés dans les documents de la piste Blue Bonnets.  1, fiche 19, Français, - conducteur%20actif

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

D'après : «membre actif d'une association».  1, fiche 19, Français, - conducteur%20actif

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Termes de courses attelées.  1, fiche 19, Français, - conducteur%20actif

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any attempt by a horse to disobey the rider. 1) Action by which the horse is disobeying or resisting.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - resistance

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A horse is considered to offer resistance if at any time it refuses to go forward (stops, goes backwards, turns round more or less completely, rears etc.).  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - resistance

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action par laquelle le cheval résiste à la demande du cavalier.  2, fiche 20, Français, - d%C3%A9fense

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On the bit. The horse maintains a light, elastic contact with the rider's hands through the reins. Since the reins themselves have no "give", the contact is a result of the horse yielding at the poll and jaw and the rider "receiving" with flexible hands. A horse is said to be on the bit when he moves forward with balance and impulsion in response to the rider's aids with his neck raised or lowered(depending on the degree of collection or extension), without resisting or depending on the rider's hands for support, so that rein contact between rider and horse remains supple and light.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - on%20the%20bit

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gouverné par la bride, monté ou attelé.  3, fiche 21, Français, - sur%20la%20main

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the reader should take note of the differentiation between the pesade and the levade made by Podhajsky in The Complete Training of Horse and Rider :"Up to the nineteenth century the riding masters knew only the pesade in which the horse lifts his forehand off the ground with lowered hocks, his body forming an angle of forty-five degrees to the ground. Beginning with the twentieth century an exercise was introduced in which the height of the body from the ground was reduced and the body held at an angle of thirty degrees to the ground. This was called the levade...  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - pesade

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Air de haute-école, dans lequel le cheval élève l'avant-main, puis se dresse sur les postérieurs, qui restent pliés sous lui.  2, fiche 22, Français, - pesade

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flexion : This refers to relaxation(softening) of the muscle controlling the jaw and poll of the horse in yielding to the hand(and legs) of the rider.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - yielding

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action du cheval qui abandonne une résistance, une contraction, une défense.  1, fiche 23, Français, - cession

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sway-backed horse is one with a concave back. Swayback is due to underdevelopment of the loin muscles, or it may be hereditary. A deep swayback slopes forward, causing the saddle to slide onto the shoulders and giving the rider a poor seat.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - sway%2Dbacked

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un quadrupède, en particulier d'un cheval, présentant une défectuosité de la ligne du dessus, qui se creuse.  2, fiche 24, Français, - ensell%C3%A9

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cheval ensellé a le dos plus ou moins concave. C'est un signe de faiblesse des muscles des reins.  3, fiche 24, Français, - ensell%C3%A9

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At gallop or canter, action of the horse changing from one leg to the other, from a canter at right to a canter at left or the opposite; if performed in the dressage event, a change of gait at the request of the rider.  3, fiche 25, Anglais, - change%20of%20leg

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Au galop, action du cheval qui change spontanément de pied, va du galop à droite au galop à gauche ou l'inverse; en dressage, modification d'allure à la demande du cavalier.  2, fiche 25, Français, - changement%20de%20pied

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

EL CAMBIO DE PIE SIMPLE (CON PASOS INTERMEDIOS). Es un cambio de pie en el que el caballo al galope, cae al paso y, después de un máximo de tres o cuatro pasos y a este aire, vuelve a salir al galope y sobre la otra mano.  2, fiche 25, Espagnol, - cambio%20de%20pie

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avoid ... an obstacle to be jumped, by passing to either side of it.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - run%20out

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A horse is considered to have run out if it is not under the full control of its rider and avoids the obstacle it should have jumped.  3, fiche 26, Anglais, - run%20out

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détourne[r] par la gauche ou la droite l'obstacle qu'il devrait normalement sauter.  2, fiche 26, Français, - se%20d%C3%A9rober

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Shoulder-in. The horse is slightly bent around the inside leg of the rider. The outside shoulder is placed in front of the inside hind quarter. The inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. The horse looks away from the direction in which it is moving. The horse should not be at an angle of more than 30° to the direction in which it is moving.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - shoulder%2Din

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mouvement (en dressage) dans lequel le cavalier maintient l'avant-main de son cheval (tête, encolure, garrot, poitrail et membres antérieurs) sur une piste intérieure par rapport à celle de l'arrière-main (croupe, hanches, queue et membres postérieurs), le cheval regardant dans la direction opposée à celle du déplacement.  2, fiche 27, Français, - %C3%A9paule%20en%20dedans

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour obtenir cette position, le cavalier tient son cheval plié à la main de la marche, soit, penché vers la jambe du cavalier intérieure au mouvement.  2, fiche 27, Français, - %C3%A9paule%20en%20dedans

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The expression "to lift the forehand" may be used because it is most important, but one which should not give a false impression. In fact, it is a common sight to see riders attempting to raise the forehand by using the hands or leg tension of the reins. The latter effort is needless, for the rider does not raise the forehand; he causes the horse to do so without any expenditure of effort.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - lift%20the%20forehand

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rassembler le cheval, l'asseoir sur les hanches.  1, fiche 28, Français, - relever

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single webbing rein, usually about 25 ft long, attached to the central ring of the cavesson noseband and held by the trainer as he directs the horse around him on a circle during training.  7, fiche 29, Anglais, - lunge

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The longe ... is a long cord, about as thick as one’s little finger, at the end of which is a buckle attached to a piece of leather that is passed through the middle ring on the iron cavesson.  8, fiche 29, Anglais, - lunge

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The horse or pony walks attached to a lungeing rein and has a surcingle with handles. The rider is performing gymnastics while the pony is walking or gallopping in circles.  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - lunge

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Canada, "lunge" only is used; in the United States, "longe" is more common but "lunge" is also used.  9, fiche 29, Anglais, - lunge

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courroie de cuir, corde ou ruban de toile, de longueur variable, fixée au licol d'un cheval et permettant de le mener, de l'attacher, de le conduire à la main, ou de le faire travailler sur un cercle, autour d'un cavalier.  3, fiche 29, Français, - longe

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

longe de manège : longue corde ou courroie, adaptée au caveçon, à l'aide de laquelle on exerce le cheval. On dit aussi «longe à trotter».  2, fiche 29, Français, - longe

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En terrain découvert, l'exercice du cheval commence avec une longe courte, au trot, pour se terminer avec une longe complète aux trois allures. Dans un manège rond, l'exercice se fait sans longe (mais avec chambrière) ou avec une longe de manège.  3, fiche 29, Français, - longe

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The figure of eight is executed following the same rules as for the serpentine inside a square with X as the center. The rider changes the bend of his horse at the center of the eight, making his horse straight an instant before changing direction.  4, fiche 30, Anglais, - figure%20of%20eight

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le huit de chiffre comporte deux voltes ou cercles de diamètre identique prescrit dans la reprise; ceux-ci sont tangents au milieu du huit. Le cavalier doit redresser son cheval un instant avant de changer de direction au milieu de la figure.  4, fiche 30, Français, - huit%20de%20chiffre

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The spring tree is first shaped out of thin plywood. Fiberglass material(the fiberglass looks like a white screen mesh) is then stretched over this plywood, and liquid resin is hand-brushed or prayed on top, resulting in a very strong and durable product. Two "springs" made of lightweight steel strips are then inserted under the tree running from front to the rear along the widest part of the seat, and set about two inches(five centimeters) from the outside. The springs provide greater comfort and more flexibility to the rider by allowing the pressure exerted through the seat bones to be transmitted to the horse.  3, fiche 31, Anglais, - spring%20tree%20of%20a%20saddle

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In horse eventing games, a rider takes a horse through a specific pattern while being timed. Such events are an excellent way to test your horse's agility. You and your horse must be able to turn sharply, pivot and weave while maintaining speed to do well at these games.  3, fiche 32, Anglais, - turn%20short

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A horizontal bar of wood extending between two posts and used as an element of an obstacle to be jumped over by the horse and rider in show jumping; it is set so that, if touched, it can fall from the rests.  3, fiche 33, Anglais, - pole

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The designer [of a show jumping course] can choose from a wide range of jumps that fall into three main categories: uprights, spreads, and triples. Uprights are jumps with the elements placed one above the other. An example is the post and rail, which has poles placed one above the other between two posts. This jump can generally be made higher or lower by adjusting the rests or cups on to the posts. A spread in an obstacle set up so that the horse has to jump both height and width. Spreads include the well-known water jump, the double oxer (two sets of uprights with a hedge sandwiched between), and the hog’s back (three parallel rails, with the middle rail higher than the other two). The most common triple is the triple bars, which has three poles on separate supports. The poles are set [at] different heights, with the lowest one at the front. The jumps looks a bit like a staircase. Combinations are two or more jumps placed so close together that the horse can take only one or two strides between each one. Three jumps is the maximum in a combination.  4, fiche 33, Anglais, - pole

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perche de bois de forme cylindrique s'étendant à l'horizontale entre deux montants et entrant dans la composition d'un obstacle que doit franchir le cavalier et sa monture en saut d'obstacles; elle est retenue aux supports de façon à tomber si accrochée au passage.  2, fiche 33, Français, - barre

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concepteur [d'un parcours de saut d'obstacles] peut choisir parmi une vaste gamme d'obstacles qui se divisent en 3 principales catégories : les obstacles droits, larges, et triples. Les obstacles droits ont des éléments placés les uns au-dessus des autres. C'est le cas, par exemple, de la stationata. Les barres horizontales superposées sont soutenues aux extrémités par 2 poteaux. On peut normalement hausser ou abaisser cet obstacle en ajustant les supports sur les poteaux. L'obstacle large fait sauter le cheval en hauteur et en largeur. Parmi les obstacles larges, on retrouve la fameuse rivière, l'oxer double (2 plans de barres parallèles avec une haie entre les 2) et l'obstacle de volée (3 barres parallèles, l'élément du milieu étant supérieur aux 2 autres). Les triples barres constituent l'obstacle triple le plus répandu. Les barres sont disposées en escalier, c'est-à-dire que la plus basse est devant. Les combinaisons sont formées de 2 ou plusieurs obstacles distancés de façon à ce que le cheval ne puisse prendre qu'une ou 2 foulées entre chacun d'eux. Une combinaison peut comporter un maximum de 3 obstacles.  3, fiche 33, Français, - barre

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tipo de obstáculo empleado en concursos de saltos y en pistas de campo consistente en unos palos verticales entre los cuales se colocan otros en posición horizontal.  1, fiche 33, Espagnol, - barra

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Platform... on which a rider stands to mount his horse.  4, fiche 34, Anglais, - mounting%20block

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Marche qui servait autrefois à monter en selle.  2, fiche 34, Français, - montoir

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the horse is lowering head abruptly and with force, fighting against the hands of the rider.  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - rake

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A near horse has a rider, an off horse does not.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - off%20horse

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cheval non monté, attelé à la droite du cheval monté par le conducteur, dans un attelage.  1, fiche 36, Français, - sous%2Dverge

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des sous-verges.  1, fiche 36, Français, - sous%2Dverge

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sous-verges (pl.) : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  2, fiche 36, Français, - sous%2Dverge

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... if the horse stops gradually, preserving forward balance, then the rider decreases his inclination forward just enough to correspond to the diminished speed of the movement.  3, fiche 37, Anglais, - stop

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'arrêt produit une «translation de poids d'avant en arrière»; réciproquement, si l'on reporte sur les hanches le poids qui charge l'avant-main, le cheval ralentit ou s'arrête.  1, fiche 37, Français, - s%27arr%C3%AAter

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fine rider in any age must develop such qualities as an attentive and patient nature, develop feeling and consideration for the horse, yet their determination and courage will also be stretched to its limits from time to time. Finally, riders must learn to communicate without words, in a universal language of feeling and touch, before the horse will do their bidding. All these would seem to be qualities essential for those wishing to succeed in any century.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - fine%20rider

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une dame ensuite, Séverine Juprelle, dont la réputation de fine cravache n'est plus à faire chez nous, se déplace elle aussi régulièrement sur les hippodromes de nos voisins français.  4, fiche 38, Français, - bon%20cavalier

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "rein of opposition" is sort of an old-fashioned term and is most often used with the term "direct rein," as in "direct rein of opposition." Opposition refers to the forward motion of the horse and whenever you pull back on a rein, you are pulling in opposition to forward movement.  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - direct%20rein%20of%20opposition

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the rein is held slightly to the side and drawn to the rear; used to turn the horse to the right or left on a small and sharp circle.  3, fiche 39, Anglais, - direct%20rein%20of%20opposition

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

direct rein : A method of using the rein in which the rider communicates directly to the horse via his mouth. For example, to turn a horse right, the rider increases pressure on the right rein and the horse responds by turning right.  4, fiche 39, Anglais, - direct%20rein%20of%20opposition

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rêne directe, sans ouverture latérale de la main intérieure, qui s'oppose dans une mesure variable au mouvement du cheval vers l'avant.  1, fiche 39, Français, - r%C3%AAne%20directe%20d%27opposition

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rêne directe : Rêne qui amène le cheval à tourner ou à se déplacer du côté où elle est appliquée.  1, fiche 39, Français, - r%C3%AAne%20directe%20d%27opposition

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a natural starting point for any prospecting rider would be... at... Trewysgoed Riding Centre... in addition to unaccompanied children's riding holidays taking in superb trail riding, there is complete training for eventing and for British Horse Society exams... from an establishment with an extensive cross-country course and comfortable farmhouse accommodation...  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - riding%20centre

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Équipement aménagé pour l'apprentissage et la pratique des sports équestres.  2, fiche 40, Français, - centre%20%C3%A9questre

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the extended walk the horse covers as much ground as possible without losing the regularity of his steps. The rider allows the horse to stretch out his head and neck without losing contact with the mouth.  2, fiche 41, Anglais, - extended%20walk

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pas rapide où le cheval étend ses foulées sans en précipiter la cadence.  2, fiche 41, Français, - pas%20allong%C3%A9

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of using the rein in which the rider communicates directly to the horse via his mouth.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - direct%20rein

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the direct rein, the rider’s hand moves from the regular hand position, directly toward the rider’s hip.  3, fiche 42, Anglais, - direct%20rein

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, to turn a horse right, the rider increases pressure on the right rein and the horse responds by turning right. In contrast, a neck rein communicates via the neck by laying the left rein on the left side of the neck, resulting in a turn to the right.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - direct%20rein

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rêne qui amène le cheval à tourner ou à se déplacer du côté où elle est appliquée.  2, fiche 42, Français, - r%C3%AAne%20directe

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The link formed by the reins between the hands of the rider and the mouth of the horse.  2, fiche 43, Anglais, - contact

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Responding to action of the rider’s legs the horse ... establishes contact between his mouth and the rider’s hand; this is providing, of course, that the length of the reins is correctly adjusted.  3, fiche 43, Anglais, - contact

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Lien entre] la main du cavalier [et] la bouche du cheval par l'intermédiaire des rênes.  2, fiche 43, Français, - contact

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] sollicité par les jambes de l'écuyer il prend lui-même ce contact. Ce qui suppose toujours des rênes ajustés et tendus. [...] la main doit toujours rester en communication avec la bouche.  3, fiche 43, Français, - contact

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The circle starts when the shoulders of the rider are directly opposite to the letter(if riding in a dressage ring) and finishes with the rider's shoulders opposite to the letter. I tell my riders to envision the circle and then trace it with the horse's feet. The smaller the circle, the more bend required from the horse.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - circle

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The first, and arguably the easiest, circle to ride in dressage tests is the 20m circle. This movement is required through Second Level in U.S. dressage tests and is performed at the trot and canter.  3, fiche 44, Anglais, - circle

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Competitive horseback riding term.  4, fiche 44, Anglais, - circle

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cercle de plus de six mètres de diamètre, habituellement dans toute la largeur du manège.  2, fiche 44, Français, - cercle

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme d'équitation.  3, fiche 44, Français, - cercle

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Applied to a saddle, usually for jumping, with a tree and panels which allow... close contact between the rider and the horse.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - close%20contact

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se dit d'une selle, habituellement pour le saut, dont l'arbre et la matelassure permettent au cavalier un contact très rapproché avec le cheval.  1, fiche 45, Français, - contact%20direct

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Weight concession to an apprentice rider: usually 10 pounds until the fifth winner, seven pounds until the 35th winner and five pounds for one calendar year from the fifth winner.  3, fiche 46, Anglais, - apprentice%20allowance

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The greatest problem regarding weight, outside of excessively high poundage, is the apprentice allowance, or "bug, "given horses ridden by boys who have not won very many races and therefore generally are a handicap to a horse... The danger becomes even greater when a horse with a "bug" rider is asked to carry a comparatively high weight and therefore has to carry lead in his saddle bags to make up the difference.  4, fiche 46, Anglais, - apprentice%20allowance

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horse racing term.  5, fiche 46, Anglais, - apprentice%20allowance

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term "bug" is also used to refer to the mark recorded on the program to indicate the apprentice allowance.  5, fiche 46, Anglais, - apprentice%20allowance

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 3 OBS

BUG -- Apprentice allowance. Apprentice rider.  3, fiche 46, Anglais, - apprentice%20allowance

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme de courses de chevaux.  2, fiche 46, Français, - indemnit%C3%A9%20d%27apprenti

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At the posting trot, changing the diagonal pair of legs of the horse with which the rider is posting, this is something the rider does, not the horse.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - change%20of%20diagonal

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au trot enlevé, le cavalier s'enlève ou s'assoit pendant deux temps successifs. Il change ainsi de bipède diagonal étant à l'appui au moment où il s'assoit et qu'il fatigue donc le plus. Ceci est une action du cavalier et non du cheval.  1, fiche 47, Français, - changement%20de%20diagonal

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At the posting trot, changing the diagonal pair of legs of the horse with which the rider is posting, this is something the rider does, not the horse.  1, fiche 48, Anglais, - change%20diagonal

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au trot enlevé, le cavalier s'enlève ou s'assoit pendant deux temps successifs. Il change ainsi de bipède diagonal étant à l'appui au moment où il s'assoit et qu'il fatigue donc le plus. Ceci est une action du cavalier et non du cheval.  1, fiche 48, Français, - changer%20de%20diagonal

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To accustom a young horse to racing equipment and methods, and to carry a rider.  3, fiche 49, Anglais, - break

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To break or break in a horse is to teach it to accept a rider or driver and once the process is complete, the horse is then described as broken-in or broken.  4, fiche 49, Anglais, - break

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Break a horse.  3, fiche 49, Anglais, - break

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dresser un jeune cheval, lui apprendre à supporter un cavalier et à répondre à ses commandements.  4, fiche 49, Français, - d%C3%A9bourrer

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is interesting to hear the answers people give to the question, "How do you make your horse strike off into Canter or Lope?" The answers range from: hit your horse with the whip by the flanks or kick the ribs of the horse as hard as you can with your heels or spurs or trot faster and faster until the horse by itself strikes off into canter.  4, fiche 50, Anglais, - break%20into%20gallop

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An equine training example of this could be if the rider clicks his tongue just as he feels a young horse about to strike off in canter, and repeats this every time the horse goes into canter, the horse will soon begin to associate the click with the canter transition and produce the canter transition on the click signal.  5, fiche 50, Anglais, - break%20into%20gallop

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The horse should strike off into the canter, on the lead you have indicated.  6, fiche 50, Anglais, - break%20into%20gallop

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Get a nice trot going and strike off at the canter on the leg next to the fence.  7, fiche 50, Anglais, - break%20into%20gallop

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although a canter and a gallop are the same gait, the canter tends to be the gentler of the two.  8, fiche 50, Anglais, - break%20into%20gallop

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Breaking takes between 4 and 6 weeks, though longer may be required if horses have had little handling. All horses here basically go through the same breaking program, regardless of their final intended use. Your horse is tied up to the tie-up-poles, where there is minimal risk of injury if he pulls back. In the round-pen, he will be hobbled, bridled, and saddled. He will be lunged with a saddle on, carrying the bit but no reins. Next, he will de driven(long reined). This starts to develop steering on the horse, stopping and backing up. Then he will be ridden in the round-pen until he is balanced with a rider, can steer, stop and back up. Then it is outside to do the same.  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - breaking

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Australian saddle is, quite simply, a big dressage saddle. The stirrups hang in a dressage position, and they are free swinging.... Put simply, there is no saddle more comfortable for the trail horse, and the rider, than an Australian stock saddle.  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - Australian%20stock%20saddle

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selle australienne : À vendre [:] véritable selle australienne (Australian Stock Saddle) - Fabriquée en Australie - Selle lourde et portante - Etriers larges - Sangle australienne - Idéale pour entraînement et randonnée - Parfait état - Poids 16Kgs [...]  2, fiche 52, Français, - selle%20australienne

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The art of training the horse so that he is totally obedient and responsive to the rider, as well as supple and agile in his performance.  3, fiche 53, Anglais, - dressage

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any rational method of schooling consists in the physical development of the horse ... teaching the horse the meaning of aids.  2, fiche 53, Anglais, - dressage