TERMIUM Plus^®

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[Synthetic judgments] are not self-evident and require experiential input to be validated. This is particularly evident in the realm of a posteriori truths, where knowledge is contingent upon sensory experience.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - a%20posteriori%20truth

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Vérité qui ne peut être établie indépendamment de toute expérimentation.  2, fiche 1, Français, - v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20a%20posteriori

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Natural language processing systems utilize both linguistic knowledge and domain knowledge to interpret the input.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - natural%20language%20processing%20system

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Les systèmes de traitement du langage naturel utilisent à la fois des connaissances linguistiques et des connaissances du domaine pour interpréter les données d'entrée.  3, fiche 2, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20traitement%20du%20langage%20naturel

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Many inputs and practices used by conventional farmers are... used in sustainable agriculture. Sustainable farmers, however, maximize reliance on natural, renewable, and on-farm inputs. Equally important are the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a particular strategy. Converting to sustainable practices does not mean simple input substitution. Frequently, it substitutes enhanced management and scientific knowledge for conventional inputs, especially chemical inputs that harm the environment on farms and in rural communities. The goal is to develop efficient, biological systems which do not need high levels of material inputs.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - sustainable%20farmer

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Agriculteur qui a recours à des pratiques contribuant à rendre durable l'agriculture.  3, fiche 4, Français, - agriculteur%20%C3%A9coresponsable

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A prior knowledge labeling operation uses conversational input domain detection trained from computer-addressed conversational inputs to assign a domain category to the human-human parts of the conversation and, optionally, the computer-addressed conversational inputs. In some embodiments, a dialog corpus containing a set of single-user conversational inputs annotated with domains is used to improve context mining. The dialog corpus includes domain-related conversational inputs as well as dialog commands and interjections(e. g., "oh yes").  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - dialogue%20corpus

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dialogue corpus; dialog corpus: designations validated by Canadian subject-field experts from Concordia University, Dalhousie University, Laval University and Microsoft Canada.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - dialogue%20corpus

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La portabilité multilingue de notre module pourra prochainement être évaluée grâce aux corpus de dialogue en italien et en polonais développés dans le cadre du projet LUNA.  1, fiche 5, Français, - corpus%20de%20dialogue

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corpus de dialogue : désignation validée par des spécialistes canadiens de l'Université Concordia, de l'Université Dalhousie, de l'Université Laval et de Microsoft Canada.  2, fiche 5, Français, - corpus%20de%20dialogue

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Los modelos de lenguaje usados para el reconocimiento del habla […] consisten en información sobre la probabilidad de aparición conjunta de palabras y se obtienen de corpus de diálogo como los descritos en el capítulo 2.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - corpus%20de%20di%C3%A1logo

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The task of choosing the appropriate next move in a dialogue based on user input, the dialogue history and other contextual knowledge, to meet a desired goal.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - dialogue%20management

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Currently, many major research institutions are investing large amounts of resources into developing a machine understanding system, in which a computer can understand spoken language. Such a system requires accurate transcription of speech into text (i.e., accurate speech recognition), semantic understanding of the recognized speech, as well as dialog management to disambiguate meanings in the recognized speech and to gather additional information required to develop a full understanding of the speech.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - dialogue%20management

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dialogue management; dialog management: designations validated by Canadian subject-field experts from Concordia University, Dalhousie University, Laval University and Microsoft Canada.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - dialogue%20management

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dialogue management: designation and definition standardized by ISO in collaboration with the International Electrotechnical Commission.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - dialogue%20management

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Tâche consistant à choisir l'action suivante appropriée dans un dialogue sur la base des entrées de l'utilisateur, de l'historique du dialogue et d'autres connaissances contextuelles, afin d'atteindre un objectif souhaité.  2, fiche 6, Français, - gestion%20du%20dialogue

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La gestion du dialogue est vue comme un point clé, car c'est un moyen de communication efficace pour les humains qui requiert peu ou pas d'entraînement pour être utilisé [...]  3, fiche 6, Français, - gestion%20du%20dialogue

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gestion du dialogue : désignation validée par des spécialistes canadiens de l'Université Concordia, de l'Université Dalhousie, de l'Université Laval et de Microsoft Canada.  4, fiche 6, Français, - gestion%20du%20dialogue

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gestion du dialogue : désignation et définition normalisées par l'ISO en collaboration avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale.  5, fiche 6, Français, - gestion%20du%20dialogue

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El éxito de un sistema de diálogo depende en gran medida de un diseño acertado de la gestión del diálogo que permita solucionar las limitaciones actuales del reconocimiento automático del habla.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - gesti%C3%B3n%20del%20di%C3%A1logo

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Robotic spacecraft are sent to some of the most inhospitable places in the solar system to explore where humans cannot. These spacecraft rely on power systems that allow them to operate in extreme environments and perform their mission to advance scientific knowledge with delayed and only periodic input from the operations teams on Earth.  12, fiche 7, Anglais, - robotic%20spacecraft

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robotic spacecraft; uncrewed spacecraft; robotic space vehicle; uninhabited spacecraft; uncrewed space vehicle; uninhabited space vehicle; robotic space craft; uncrewed space craft; unmanned spacecraft; unmanned space vehicle; unmanned space craft: Although the designations "spacecraft," "space craft" and "space vehicle" have slightly different meanings, they are used interchangeably in this context.  13, fiche 7, Anglais, - robotic%20spacecraft

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unmanned spacecraft: designation officially approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG).  14, fiche 7, Anglais, - robotic%20spacecraft

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robotic spacecraft; uncrewed spacecraft; robotic space vehicle; uninhabited spacecraft; uncrewed space vehicle; uninhabited space vehicle; robotic space craft; uncrewed space craft; unmanned spacecraft; unmanned space vehicle; unmanned space craft: designations validated by a subject-matter expert from the Canadian Space Agency.  13, fiche 7, Anglais, - robotic%20spacecraft

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Alors que les sondes et les autres engins spatiaux non habités explorent l'espace à la recherche de nouvelles connaissances sur l'Univers, les vols habités et la présence humaine dans la Station spatiale internationale [ont] entre autres [comme but de] comprendre le comportement du vivant en condition de micropesanteur et [de] connaître les limites du corps humain.  9, fiche 7, Français, - engin%20spatial%20non%20habit%C3%A9

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engin spatial non habité; engin spatial robotisé; véhicule spatial sans équipage; véhicule spatial non habité; véhicule spatial inhabité; engin spatial inhabité; véhicule spatial robotisé; engin spatial sans équipage : Bien que les désignations «engin spatial» et «véhicule spatial» aient des sens légèrement différents, elles sont utilisées de façon interchangeable dans ce contexte.  10, fiche 7, Français, - engin%20spatial%20non%20habit%C3%A9

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engin spatial non habité : désignation uniformisée par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  11, fiche 7, Français, - engin%20spatial%20non%20habit%C3%A9

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engin spatial non habité; engin spatial robotisé; véhicule spatial sans équipage; véhicule spatial non habité; véhicule spatial inhabité; engin spatial inhabité; véhicule spatial robotisé; engin spatial sans équipage : désignations validées par un spécialiste de l'Agence spatiale canadienne.  10, fiche 7, Français, - engin%20spatial%20non%20habit%C3%A9

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Los nanosatélites (como sondas, sensores ópticos y meteorológicos, entre otros) son un tipo de vehículo espacial no tripulado que, dado su escaso tamaño y peso, constituyen los instrumentos más pequeños puestos en órbita por el hombre hasta el presente.  1, fiche 7, Espagnol, - veh%C3%ADculo%20espacial%20no%20tripulado

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vehículo espacial no tripulado: designación validada por un experto de la Comisión de Terminología, Sociedad Española de Astronomía, España.  2, fiche 7, Espagnol, - veh%C3%ADculo%20espacial%20no%20tripulado

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An engineered system that generates outputs such as content, forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives.  5, fiche 8, Anglais, - artificial%20intelligence%20system

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Every AI system, be it a classical AI system with humans providing input and using the output, or an autonomous agent..., must somehow translate knowledge(stimuli) into information or knowledge to be used to select output(action).  6, fiche 8, Anglais, - artificial%20intelligence%20system

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artificial intelligence system; AI system: designations and definition standardized by ISO in collaboration with the International Electrotechnical Commission.  7, fiche 8, Anglais, - artificial%20intelligence%20system

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Système technique qui génère des sorties telles que du contenu, des prévisions, des recommandations ou des décisions pour un ensemble donné d'objectifs définis par l'homme.  4, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27intelligence%20artificielle

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système d'intelligence artificielle; système d'IA : désignations et définition normalisées par l'ISO en collaboration avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale.  5, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27intelligence%20artificielle

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A problem solving model in which a shared working memory called a blackboard, that can be accessed by several knowledge sources, is used to communicate intermediate results or new data.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - blackboard%20model

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The blackboard model of problem solving is a highly structured, special case of opportunistic problem solving. In addition to opportunistic reasoning as a knowledge-application strategy, the blackboard model prescribes the organization of the domain knowledge and all the input and intermediate and partial solutions needed to solve the problem.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - blackboard%20model

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Classic blackboard models have a modular architecture consisting of several knowledge sources, a database or blackboard, and a scheduler.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - blackboard%20model

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Term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC.  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - blackboard%20model

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Dans ce modèle, les diverses sources de connaissance sont des processus indépendants qui, théoriquement, s'ignorent mutuellement et qui communiquent par l'intermédiaire d'une base de données complexe, le blackboard.  3, fiche 9, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20du%20tableau%20noir

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modèle du tableau noir : Terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.  4, fiche 9, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20du%20tableau%20noir

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The taint team examines the materials, determines if they are subject to a privilege, and discloses only unprivileged materials to personnel actively investigating the case. The independent team examining the materials is called a ’filter team, ’a ’privilege team, ’or a ’taint team, ’because the knowledge that members of the team have gained by examining privileged information ’taints’ them, so that they should have no involvement or input in the course of the investigation or the development of evidence.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - taint%20team

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Équipe chargée d'examiner des documents afin de déterminer lesquels sont protégés par le secret professionnel de l'avocat. Par la suite, seuls les documents non protégés sont transmis à l'équipe de procureurs.  1, fiche 10, Français, - %C3%A9quipe%20de%20filtrage

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An operations research analyst is a mathematical expert who uses his or her knowledge to help businesses and organizations solve problems and make decisions. He or she identifies problems, collects and examines information, gets input from an entity's employees and then uses statistical analysis and simulations to analyze the data and develop solutions.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - operations%20research%20analyst

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Mission Statement :[The British Columbia Stone, Sand and Gravel Association] is committed to providing affordable, sustainable development of B. C. 's [British Columbia] aggregate resources in an environmentally responsible manner, providing informative knowledge to the public, ongoing input to the province, and keeping with government regulations while fostering positive constructive communications with aggregate industry members and mining related associations across Canada.  5, fiche 12, Anglais, - British%20Columbia%20Stone%2C%20Sand%20and%20Gravel%20Association

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The [British Columbia Stone, Sand and Gravel Association] was formed in 1988 ...  5, fiche 12, Anglais, - British%20Columbia%20Stone%2C%20Sand%20and%20Gravel%20Association

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The Office of Inuit Health serves as a focal point to respond to Inuit health concerns in an effective, efficient and positive way, and assists Health Canada in effectively addressing Inuit health issues. The Office of Inuit Health also : provides input and Inuit expertise on the development of health policies, programs, and services in Inuit regions; acts as the centre of Inuit information, knowledge, and expertise within Health Canada; serves as a liaison between the provinces and territories, the federal government, Inuit Organizations and the Inuit population; facilitates the discussion and development of policies that will have a positive impact on the overall health of Inuit; supports program and policy development within the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch as it relates to Inuit; and, provides a co-ordinated and comprehensive approach to Inuit health for better targeted expenditures of Health Canada funding and improved accountability.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - Office%20of%20Inuit%20Health

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Le Bureau de la santé des Inuits est un centre de liaison qui permet de résoudre de façon efficace et positive les problèmes touchant la santé des Inuits, et qui aide Santé Canada à traiter efficacement les enjeux qui y sont liés. De plus, le Bureau de la santé des Inuits : fournit conseils et expertise inuite lors de l'élaboration de politiques, programmes et services de santé qui concernent les régions inuites; sert de centre d'informations, de connaissances et d'expertise au sein de Santé Canada pour tout ce qui a trait aux Inuits; sert de lien entre les provinces et territoires, le gouvernement fédéral, et les organismes ainsi que la population inuits; facilite les discussions et l'élaboration de politiques qui auront un impact positif sur la santé générale des Inuits; soutient la Direction générale de la santé des Premières nations et des Inuits dans l'élaboration de programmes et de politiques liés aux Inuits; offre une approche claire et bien organisée en matière de santé inuite, favorisant ainsi une plus grande responsabilisation de même qu'une utilisation mieux ciblée des fonds de Santé Canada.  1, fiche 13, Français, - Bureau%20de%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20des%20Inuits

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A representation in which knowledge is bundled in bite-sized units and accessed by several modules of the system(Bonar et al. 1986). The bites communicate with each other to exchange information about the next curriculum topic, or to evaluate and respond to the student's input.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

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The (bite-sized architecture) organizes tutoring functions around a decomposition of (domain expertise) into curriculum units reminiscent of WEST’s issues. The prevalent paradigm for a number of prototypical systems under development at LRCD is to use these autonomous tutoring units called bites to guide the student’s interaction with a microworld that illustrates the domain principles to be understood. The (bite-sized architecture) serves as a context for articulating principles of curriculum organization. This organization in turns supports an implementation of the concept of (steering testing), which combines diagnostic and didactic purposes into adaptive sequences of (heuristically generated tasks.)  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

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Architecture didacticielle reconfigurable qui permet l'organisation des connaissances en micromodules conçus [en fonction de] buts pédagogiques.  1, fiche 14, Français, - architecture%20tutorielle%20micromodulaire

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Confirmation feedback simply informs the learner the accuracy of a response. Also known as knowledge of results; Kr : this type of feedback does not provide any input on what the correct answer is, or why a response might be wrong. It is used to reinforce correct answers. Confirmation feedback is often used when automaticity is the learning goal or in the later stages of competency, after the initial acquisition of knowledge.  5, fiche 16, Anglais, - confirmation%20feedback

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S'il s'agit d'une réponse, le modèle d'enseignement-apprentissage décidera en fonction des informations qui lui sont transmises par les autres composantes du dispositif de présenter un feedback de confirmation ou un feedback de redressement d'erreurs.  1, fiche 16, Français, - feedback%20de%20confirmation

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[A type of correction strategy which] is selected by the tutor when the student is at level 4. Since students at this level are supposed to have very good knowledge of the concepts, the tutor, under the assumption that the student is able to identify the error(s) by himself in the input, simply asks the student to correct the error(s) without any hints.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - no%2Dhint%20correction

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ICCDA-Inter-regional Coordinating Committee of Development Associations-is the informal umbrella institution made up of the six sister associations ADIPA(Association of Development Research and Training Institutes of Asia and the Pacific), AICARDES(Association of Arab Institutes and Centres for Economic and Social Development Research), CLACSO(Latin American Social Science Council), CODESRIA(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa), EADI(European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes), and OSSREA(Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa). It was created in 1976. Its headquarters are based presently in Senegal, but rotate from one association to the other on a regular three-year basis. Its main objective is to promote research and debate on issues of social policies so as to generate new knowledge, inform the social agenda and provide input to policy-making.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - Inter%2Dregional%20Coordinating%20Committee%20of%20Development%20Associations

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Appellation tirée du document «United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions», avec l'autorisation de l'UNESCO.  3, fiche 18, Français, - Comit%C3%A9%20de%20coordination%20inter%2Dr%C3%A9gional%20des%20associations%20de%20d%C3%A9veloppement

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Extraído de "United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions", con la autorización de la UNESCO.  2, fiche 18, Espagnol, - Comit%C3%A9%20de%20Coordinaci%C3%B3n%20Interregional%20de%20Asociaciones%20de%20Desarrollo

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In a knowledge-based system, a memory that changes every time it understands a story.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - dynamic%20memory

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Because understanding natural language is context-dependent, input needs to be interpreted and organized in memory in terms of existing knowledge. Further, memory organization needs to be dynamic so that new knowledge can be assimilated.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - dynamic%20memory

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En compréhension de langage naturel, mémoire de travail qui change en fonction des nouvelles connaissances assimilées.  1, fiche 19, Français, - m%C3%A9moire%20dynamique

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Voir programmation dynamique.  3, fiche 19, Français, - m%C3%A9moire%20dynamique

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Correction strategies are used when students make errors in the input. The selection of any particular correction is determined by the level of the student's familiarity with the concepts. No-hint correction is selected by the tutor when the student... [is] supposed to have very good knowledge of the concepts... Indirect correction is selected by the tutor only when the student... has very low error rate... Direct correction is selected when the student is at a level 2 of familiarity.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - remediation%20strategy

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When the user is asked a question, and gets the answer wrong the system uses a "remediation strategy" consisting of presenting an analogous case and asking the question again.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - remediation%20strategy

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The students are ... evaluated ... on their overall performance. This method provided adequate input to the tutor module so that the multi-level correction strategies matched the needs of the students.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - remediation%20strategy

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An initiative of Canada's International Development Research Centre(IDRC) with support and input from the Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA), EHIP is a four-year health research and development initiative designed to generate new knowledge in support of the planning and delivery of essential public and clinical health services.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - Essential%20Health%20Interventions%20Program

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À l'initiative du Centre canadien de Recherches sur le Développement international (CRDI) et avec l'appui et une contribution de l'Agence canadienne de Développement international (ACDI), une initiative de recherche-développement en santé d'une durée de quatre ans a été lancée pour permettre d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances à l'appui de la planification et de la prestation de services de santé publique et cliniques essentiels.  1, fiche 21, Français, - Programme%20d%27interventions%20sanitaires%20essentielles

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As an intelligent programming tutor, BIP is incomplete. The only form of advice it can give the student consists of hints stored with the different tasks, since it has no knowledge of design, coding or debugging. Furthermore, its feedback to the student is limited by its inability to diagnose logical errors. When a program has been completed, BIP simply tests it on a set of input/output pairs without any analysis of the algorithm, as do systems presented in Chapter 11. After a syntactic match on keywords has revealed the use or absence of certain constructs designated as necessary or forbidden for the task, the student is merely informed about language constructs that should or shouldn’t have been used.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - intelligent%20programming%20tutor

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Educational communication. The communications model of Shannon and Weaver(1949)... can be applied to human and educational communication.... Education input can best be described in terms of a communication between society and the individual.... The "channel" of communication should convey the message to the student accurately.... The output received... will vary, depending on a number of factors, including the student's previous knowledge of a subject.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - educational%20communication

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Yearbook of Int. Org., 1973, p.509.  1, fiche 23, Français, - communication%20%C3%A9ducative

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... a vehicle to demonstrate the techniques chosen to parse natural language input and represent knowledge in memory.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - interactive%20knowledge%20acquisition%20system

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Un système] présentement utilisé pour faire la démonstration des techniques choisies pour décomposer les phrases introduites en langue naturelle et représenter les connaissances dans la mémoire.  1, fiche 24, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20interactif%20d%27acquisition%20des%20connaissances

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol