TERMIUM Plus^®

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The intrinsic angular momentum of an elementary particle or nucleus, which exists even when the particle is at rest, as distinguished from orbital angular momentum.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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Elementary particles can be described in terms of a few simple properties. The most obvious of these are the mass and electric charge of the particle.... There is a... property which all particles carry, quantum mechanical spin. The name spin comes from an analogy with classical electro-magnetics. In classical electromagnetic theory, it is well known that a charged particle that is moving through a magnetic field will be deflected. If the particle... is spinning about some axis the deflection will be changed; i. e. the particle will go in a different direction than if it wasn’t spinning. The effect will depend on both the rate of spin and the rotation axis. In quantum mechanics, a similar effect is observed with any quantum particle. When passed through magnetic fields, they behave as if they are spinning electric charges. What's more, they behave as if their rates of spin are integral 0, 1, 2,... or half-integral(1/2, 3/2,...) of a base unit... much like charges come in basic multiples of the electron's charge. The concept of spin here is a bit more abstract than in the classical case. With a classical particle you can paint a little dot on the particle... and directly measure the rotation rate by counting the number of times you see the spot in a minute. This is not possible for quantum particles. They are not little spinning balls in that sense.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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frustrated spin  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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down-spin, up-spin  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Moment cinétique intrinsèque des particules élémentaires et des noyaux atomiques.  2, fiche 1, Français, - spin

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Il s'agit [...] d'une propriété essentiellement quantique qui n'admet pas d'interprétation en mécanique classique.  3, fiche 1, Français, - spin

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spin demi-entier, spin entier, spin frustré, spin non frustré  4, fiche 1, Français, - spin

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Momento angular intrínseco de un sistema. Se aplica especialmente a las partículas elementales y a los núcleos  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - esp%C3%ADn

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The generic name for the elementary particles obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. The connection of spin with statistics establishes that all bosons have integral spin or zero spin.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - boson

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Particule quantique (ou quanton) obéissant à la statistique de Bose-Einstein. (Les particules élémentaires ou composées suivent la statistique de Bose quand leur spin est entier).  1, fiche 2, Français, - boson

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Les mésons, les photons sont des bosons. Le noyau d'hélium, ou particule alpha, est un boson lorsque l'on peut faire abstraction de sa structure interne.  1, fiche 2, Français, - boson

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Cada una de las partículas tales que, si varias de ellas idénticas intervienen en un sistema, la función de onda que lo describe ha de ser simétrica en las coordenadas de las mismas.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - bos%C3%B3n

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Los fotones y los mesones son bosones; tienen espín nulo o entero.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - bos%C3%B3n

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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All objects have "spin, "or angular momentum--everything from galaxies to subatomic particles. In the quantum world, subatomic particles can spin only with certain amounts of angular momentum. In fact, all particles of the world can be divided according to their spins into just two types : bosons and fermions. Fermions, named in honor of Enrico Fermi, are those with half-integral spin :½, 3/2, 5/2, and so on, measured in units of Planck's constant. Bosons, named after Satyendra Bose, have integral spin : 0, 1, 2, and so on.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - integral%20spin

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Spin: [Quant. Mech.] The intrinsic angular momentum of an elementary particle or nucleus, which exists even when the particle is at rest, as distinguished from orbital angular momentum.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - integral%20spin

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Dans la nature, les physiciens ont recensé deux grandes familles de particules : les fermions : particules ayant un spin demi-entier (1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.), les bosons : particules ayant un spin entier (0, 1, 2, etc.).  2, fiche 3, Français, - spin%20entier

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En physique quantique [...] il existe deux types de particules : - celles ayant un spin nul ou entier (photon, phonon, He₄ Méson^µ) qui obéissent à la statistique de Bose-Einstein : ces particules sont appelées des bosons, elles peuvent occuper plusieurs sous-états identiques, - celles ayant un spin demi-entier [...] appelées des fermions [...]  3, fiche 3, Français, - spin%20entier

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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All objects have "spin, "or angular momentum--everything from galaxies to subatomic particles. In the quantum world, subatomic particles can spin only with certain amounts of angular momentum. In fact, all particles of the world can be divided according to their spins into just two types : bosons and fermions. Fermions, named in honor of Enrico Fermi, are those with half-integral spin :½, 3/2, 5/2, and so on, measured in units of Planck's constant. Bosons, named after Satyendra Bose, have integral spin : 0, 1, 2, and so on.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - half%2Dintegral%20spin

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Spin: [Quant. Mech.] The intrinsic angular momentum of an elementary particle or nucleus, which exists even when the particle is at rest, as distinguished from orbital angular momentum.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - half%2Dintegral%20spin

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Dans la nature, les physiciens ont recensé deux grandes familles de particules : les fermions : particules ayant un spin demi-entier (1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.), les bosons : particules ayant un spin entier (0, 1, 2, etc.).  2, fiche 4, Français, - spin%20demi%2Dentier

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[...] il existe deux types de particules : - celles ayant un spin nul ou entier [...] - celles ayant un spin demi-entier (électron, proton, neutron, neutrino, méson^µ) qui obéissent à la statistique de Fermi-Dirac : ces particules sont appelées des fermions, il ne peut y avoir plus d'un fermion par sous-état (principe d'exclusion de Pauli)  3, fiche 4, Français, - spin%20demi%2Dentier

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A single-degree-of-freedom gyro having primarily viscous restraint of its spin axis about the output axis; an output signal is produced by gimbal angular displacement, relative to the base, which is proportional to the integral of the angular rate of the base about the input axis.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - rate%20integrating%20gyro

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The rate integrating gyroscope is sometimes referred to as a "displacement gyroscope."  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - rate%20integrating%20gyro

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Le gyromètre intégrateur [...] est un gyroscope 1 axe ne devant comporter aucun rappel élastique [...] mais doué d'un fort amortissement visqueux [...]. Son équipage mobile comporte toujours un carter étanche flottant dans un liquide à haute viscosité, d'où son appellation courante gyro flottant; la qualité du liquide de flottaison est choisie aussi voisine que possible de la densité moyenne de l'équipage mobile, afin de soulager au mieux les ensembles pivot-pierre matérialisant l'axe de sortie, par un équilibre entre la poussée d'Archimède et le poids apparent de l'équipage mobile.  2, fiche 5, Français, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20int%C3%A9grateur

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On peut imaginer et c'est la tendance actuelle, une détection des écarts angulaires par des gyromètres intégrateurs directement disposés sur la structure de [la plate-forme], en strapdown et mesurant les infimes écarts d'orientation de [la plate-forme]. [...] La centrale décrite est celle qui équipe le Mirage 2000, son nom UNI 52.  3, fiche 5, Français, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20int%C3%A9grateur

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[Of a gyro or accelerometer] the product of the inertial-sensing mass and the distance from the center of mass to the center of support measured along the pendulous axis.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - pendulosity

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pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer : A linear accelerometer using a single-degree-of-freedom gyro having a pendulosity along the spin axis that is servo-driven about the input axis at a rate that balances the torque induced by sensed acceleration along the input axis. The angle through which the servoed axis rotates is proportional to the integral of the sensed acceleration.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - pendulosity

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A linear accelerometer using a single-degree-of-freedom gyro having a pendulosity along the spin axis that is servo-driven about the input axis at a rate that balances the torque induced by sensed acceleration along the input axis. The angle through which the servoed axis rotates is proportional to the integral of the sensed acceleration.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - pendulous%20integrating%20gyroscopic%20accelerometer

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The intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) developed over the past 50 years have employed successive generations of increasingly accurate inertial guidance systems. The comparatively short time of guided flight and high acceleration levels characteristic of the ballistic missile application place a premium on accelerometer performance to achieve desired weapon system accuracy. To date, the accelerometer design of choice for strategic missiles has been the Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer (PIGA) instrument, an accelerometer whose origins trace back to the German V2 rocket, and has been refined through several generations of development to achieve unsurpassed performance.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - pendulous%20integrating%20gyroscopic%20accelerometer

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol