TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compound Slides(CS). A compound landslide is composed of a large host landslide... that encompasses smaller secondary landslides... The host landslide is a slow-moving landslide set on a gentle slope(<20°) of epiclastic materials. Its surface is irregular, with depressions, bulges, scarps and counterscarps and distensile, compressive and strike cracks. The movement of the host landslide can generate failures that favor secondary landslides located mostly along the steepest slopes of the host landslide(scarps and toe). Diverse types of secondary landslides may be observed on the same host landslide. Multiple levels of groundwater flow are commonly formed within compound landslides due to the presence of multiple low permeability surfaces(faults, cracks, material heterogeneities, and shear planes). An increase in the water table tends to accelerate host landslides and may contribute to secondary landslide failure.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - secondary%20landslide

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deux glissements de terrain importants se sont produits jeudi près de Kuujjuaraapik, causant plus de peur que de mal à une collectivité qui a exprimé des inquiétudes quant à l'impact environnemental potentiel de cet événement inattendu. [...] Toutefois, des glissements de terrain secondaires constituent une réelle possibilité, car le sol dans les environs du glissement de terrain initial reste instable.  1, fiche 1, Français, - glissement%20de%20terrain%20secondaire

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compound Slides(CS). A compound landslide is composed of a large host landslide... that encompasses smaller secondary landslides... The host landslide is a slow-moving landslide set on a gentle slope(<20°) of epiclastic materials. Its surface is irregular, with depressions, bulges, scarps and counterscarps and distensile, compressive and strike cracks. The movement of the host landslide can generate failures that favor secondary landslides located mostly along the steepest slopes of the host landslide(scarps and toe). Diverse types of secondary landslides may be observed on the same host landslide. Multiple levels of groundwater flow are commonly formed within compound landslides due to the presence of multiple low permeability surfaces(faults, cracks, material heterogeneities, and shear planes). An increase in the water table tends to accelerate host landslides and may contribute to secondary landslide failure.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - host%20landslide

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compound Slides(CS). A compound landslide is composed of a large host landslide... that encompasses smaller secondary landslides... The host landslide is a slow-moving landslide set on a gentle slope(<20°) of epiclastic materials. Its surface is irregular, with depressions, bulges, scarps and counterscarps and distensile, compressive and strike cracks. The movement of the host landslide can generate failures that favor secondary landslides located mostly along the steepest slopes of the host landslide(scarps and toe). Diverse types of secondary landslides may be observed on the same host landslide. Multiple levels of groundwater flow are commonly formed within compound landslides due to the presence of multiple low permeability surfaces(faults, cracks, material heterogeneities, and shear planes). An increase in the water table tends to accelerate host landslides and may contribute to secondary landslide failure.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - compound%20landslide

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An ex-vessel steam explosion may occur if the primary system is breached by hot debris. Debris in the reactor outlet piping may fail the piping and fall onto the pump room floor or debris on the reactor vessel bottom may be blocked from flowing into the outlet piping if it freezes in the effluent piping nozzle muff structure. If this occurs, the debris will heat up on the reactor vessel bottom and eventually fail the bottom shield. The likely mode of failure of the bottom shield is collapse of the shield as a whole. If it collapses, the entire shield, as well as the molten debris, will fall into the pin room below the reactor vessel. The debris will then flow across the floor into the pump room. In either event, a large portion of the reactor fuel inventory will be deposited on the pump room floor. The pump room floor will be covered with water in many scenarios. A steam explosion may result when the debris enters this water.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - ex%2Dvessel%20explosion

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La condition nécessaire à une explosion vapeur est le simple contact entre les deux fluides, mais les situations les plus énergétiques sont celles où les deux fluides sont mélangés avant que ne se déclenche la fragmentation. Dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée de tels mélanges pourraient se former après la fusion du cœur lors de la relocalisation du corium en fond de cuve (explosion en cuve) et/ou éventuellement lors de la percée de la cuve et la chute du corium dans le puits de cuve (explosion hors cuve).  1, fiche 4, Français, - explosion%20hors%20cuve

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sudden failure of walls or pillars in a mine caused by the weight or pressure of the surrounding rocks, and accompanied by a violent release of energy.  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - rock%20burst

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rock bursts. In areas of very deep mining, as additional weight is supported by the pillars on the coal face, stresses may so build up that the yield point is reached. If the coal pillars, the roof, or the floor are able to yield gradually, the effects of the stresses are relieved by floor heaving, or by pillar or roof failure. Where the coal or the associated rocks are particularly strong and depths are much above average, these stresses may be relieved by rock bursts, which are relatively violent outbursts of the coal into the rooms and entries. Frequently, a large volume of gas(usually methane) is suddenly released during a rock burst in a coal mine.  8, fiche 5, Anglais, - rock%20burst

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

for "coal burst" : Rock bursts and "coal bursts" in coal mines are generally designated by the term "bumps" or "bounces". A large proportion of these "bumps" or "bounces" are actually "coal bursts" due to fracturing of pillars and remnants and need not involve any fracturing of roof or floor rock.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - rock%20burst

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

for "air blast" : In former years rock bursts were sometimes referred to as "air blasts". This name originated from the fact that large quantities of rock loosened by some of the larger rock bursts displaced quantities of air, with the result that a blast of air passed through the mine workings.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - rock%20burst

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] dislocation des piliers de charbon soutenant le toit, avec projections de charbon et parfois soulèvement du mur, plus tendre, jusqu'à venir toucher le toit.  5, fiche 5, Français, - coup%20de%20toit

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le coup de toit peut] mettre en danger l'outillage et le personnel.  4, fiche 5, Français, - coup%20de%20toit

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Said of] a business [that] has become so large and ingrained in the economy that a government will provide assistance to prevent its failure.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - too%20big%20to%20fail

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Too big to fail" describes the belief that if an enormous company fails, it will have a disastrous ripple effect throughout the economy.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - too%20big%20to%20fail

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce mécanisme de recapitalisation conçu pour les banques trop grandes pour faire faillite fait en sorte que ce soient les actionnaires et les créanciers privés non assurés, plutôt que le contribuable, qui supportent le coût d’une éventuelle résolution.  3, fiche 6, Français, - trop%20grand%20pour%20faire%20faillite

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los ministros de economía de la eurozona han aprobado este viernes un reglamento cuyo objetivo es acotar la actividad de los bancos considerados "demasiado grandes para quebrar" -alrededor de 30 en toda la UE-, cuya principal novedad es que obliga a separar la negociación por cuenta propia ("proprietary trading") del resto de actividades de la entidad.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - demasiado%20grande%20para%20quebrar

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The guarantee will be called on only in the event of an unanticipated failure of more than one participant on the same day during LVTS [Large Value Transfer System] operating hours, with the failing participants in a net owing position vis-à-vis the system, and if the amount owed by the failing participants exceeds the value of collateral pledged to the Bank of Canada.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - net%20owing%20position

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette garantie ne sera mise en œuvre que s'il y a défaillance imprévue de plusieurs participants le même jour pendant les heures de fonctionnement du STPGV [Système de transfert de paiements de grande valeur], si ces derniers affichent un solde débiteur net et si la somme due dépasse la valeur des titres donnés en garantie à la Banque du Canada.  1, fiche 7, Français, - solde%20d%C3%A9biteur%20net

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The increase of coolant flow velocity and subcooling enhanced heat transfer coefficient at cladding surface during film boiling, which resulted in large decrease of maximum cladding temperature and film boiling duration, and consequently in the increase of fuel failure threshold energy.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - maximum%20cladding%20temperature

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le refroidissement est conditionné par une autre butée technologique relative au combustible [du réacteur] : la température maximale de gaine, qui conditionne le taux de combustion maximal que le combustible pourra supporter; dans la technologie actuelle (gaines en acier austénitique du type 316), la température de gaine nominale est limitée à des valeurs comprises entre 620 et 650 °C.  1, fiche 8, Français, - temp%C3%A9rature%20maximale%20de%20gaine

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The failure of an anchor to hold in a soft bottom, instead pulling out with a large ball of mud on it.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - balling%20up

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Failure to do so will continue... to condemn a large number of Aboriginal people to marginal employment and social assistance.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - marginal%20employment

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Victhom is conducting a project to develop artificial muscles for human prosthetics, using dielectric elastomer technology.... Ten polymer actuator film materials were considered for fabrication of the micro-actuators.... Ranking of the film actuator materials was carried out using a figure of merit based on maximum thickness actuation strain.... Kraton D-1161K, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer thermoplastic elastomer, had the best potential performance based on the figure of merit calculations. This is directly related to the extremely large elongation to failure of this polymer.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - maximum%20thickness%20actuation%20strain

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

épaisseur d'allongement maximale : proposition confirmée par une étudiante au doctorat, de l'Institut de génie biomédical de l'Université de Montréal.  1, fiche 13, Français, - %C3%A9paisseur%20d%27allongement%20maximale

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When an ionizing particle enters the device, it collides with gas atoms and strikes electrons from their orbit around the nucleus of the gas atoms. In addition, an ionizing particle striking the outside of the tube can also knock electrons off the metal casing. In either case, these free electrons then are attracted to the positively charged central wire, gaining energy by the attraction. As they approach the wire they knock electrons off other atoms, creating an avalanche or cascade effect which results in a pulse of current large enough to be detected. A "quenching gas" is usually added to the filler gas so that these avalanches will dissipate over time and not continue indefinitely, which would cause inaccuracy or electronic failure.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - quenching%20gas

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un des constituants du mélange gazeux de remplissage d'un tube compteur de Geiger-Müller dont le rôle est de provoquer l'auto-extinction de la décharge [...]  1, fiche 14, Français, - gaz%20de%20coupage

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] ce sont en général des vapeurs organiques.  1, fiche 14, Français, - gaz%20de%20coupage

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Blister [is] a term sometimes used to describe weather blisters. These are small surface blisters, which can be seen in large numbers over the entire roof area, more predominant during warm weather where roofs are exposed directly to the sun, and which are a result of natural weathering of the surface bitumen. Volatiles and water vapour in the bitumen tend to be driven off by heat, and when the gases are trapped they form small blisters. This type of blistering usually does not cause any failure during the normal life of the roof.  5, fiche 15, Anglais, - blueberry

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Surélévation fermée contenant des gaz ou du liquide apparaissant à la surface d'une couverture de matériaux préfabriqués ou d'une couverture à étanchéité multicouche.  1, fiche 15, Français, - boursouflure

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «boursoufflure».  3, fiche 15, Français, - boursouflure

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

boursoufflure : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, fiche 15, Français, - boursouflure

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A natural spreading fracture across a steep slope; caused by gravitationally driven downslope movement.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Seton Lake area, British Columbia :Failure type is further described as "sackung" or "sackungen". The ridge displays "obsequent" or "antislope" scarps which are associated with large gravitational landslides on the scale of 10's to 100's of millions of cubic meter of rock. Movement is thought to be in response to stress relief experienced due to glacial unloading of oversteepened glacially scoured valley slopes. The majority of the movement possibly occurred following deglaciation when pore pressures would have been higher than they are at present day. Today, slides of this type are known to creep at rates of 10's mm per year. These creeping sackungen are a concern due to the potential for catastrophic rapid failures with potentially devastating consequences.  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sackung: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, fiche 16, Anglais, - sackung

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Région du lac Seton (Colombie-Britannique) : Ce type de glissement de terrain est aussi appelé «sackung» ou «sackungen». La crête comporte des escarpements «obséquents» ou à «contre-pente», associés à de grands glissements par gravité de l'ordre de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de millions de mètres cubes de roche. Ce mouvement serait consécutif à la décharge glaciaire de versants de vallées surraidis, érodés par les glaciers. L'essentiel du mouvement s'est sans doute produit à la suite de la déglaciation, quand la pression intersticielle était probablement supérieure à aujourd'hui. Les glissements de ce type sont connus pour progresser actuellement à une vitesse de quelques dizaines de mm par an. Ces «sackungen» en reptation sont préoccupants, vu leur tendance à engendrer des glissements soudains et fréquemment dévastateurs.  5, fiche 16, Français, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un accent sera mis sur la déstabilisation de versants par étalement gravitaire des sommets de chaînons topographiques (sackung), un processus actif sur Mars dont l'importance dans l'évolution des reliefs montagneux terrestres commence également à être reconnue mais dont les mécanismes et les implications en terme de rhéologie et de risque demeurent mal compris.  4, fiche 16, Français, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'origine de cet escarpement pourrait être (1) l'expression en surface d'une faille active, (2) un mouvement gravitaire de grande ampleur de type «sackung», c'est-à-dire un mouvement gravitaire sur une faille profonde provoqué par la déglaciation ou par un fort séisme sur une faille voisine.  3, fiche 16, Français, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Les failles récentes des Grands-Moulins (Savoie) : un Sackung (tassement gravitaire) majeur dans les Alpes françaises.  6, fiche 16, Français, - sackung

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sackung : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, fiche 16, Français, - sackung

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The avalanche hazard will be High (Category 4) and avalanches will occur. Cornice failure will be a potential trigger for slopes beneath.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - cornice%20failure

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There was a large cornice failure across the valley yesterday afternoon. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ]  3, fiche 17, Anglais, - cornice%20failure

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cornice failure: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  4, fiche 17, Anglais, - cornice%20failure

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a eu rupture de corniche dans la vallée hier après-midi. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, fiche 17, Français, - rupture%20de%20corniche

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rupture de corniche : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, fiche 17, Français, - rupture%20de%20corniche

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of a sign or an illness that is plainly demonstrable.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - overt

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By the time overt heart failure is apparent, the large functional reserve of the normal heart is compromised and a variety of mechanisms operate to compensate for its diminished performance.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - overt

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les infections inapparentes sont infiniment plus fréquentes que les maladies patentes.  1, fiche 19, Français, - patent

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Collateral pledging and valuation--1. DCS [Debt Clearing Service] not available at all--An emergency in DCS can affect LVTS [Large Value Transfer System] in at least two different ways. Firstly, a failure in DCS could affect the ability of participants to pledge collateral for LVTS purposes. In this case the Association would need to communicate with CDS to determine the expected time for CDS [Canadian Depository for Securities Limited] to be back up and fully operational. At this point, a decision would have to be made by CDS whether to move to CDS's interim manual pledging mechanism. Any delay in the availability of the DCS pledging function of more than two(2) hours would require the move to the interim pledging mechanism.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - interim%20manual%20pledging%20mechanism

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Remise en nantissement et évaluation de la garantie -- 1. SCD [Service de compensation des dettes] totalement inaccessible -- Une situation d'urgence touchant le SCD peut influer sur le STPGV [système de transfert de paiements de grande valeur] d'au moins deux façons différentes. D'abord, une panne du SCD peut empêcher les participants de remettre une garantie en nantissement aux fins du STPGV. Dans ce cas, l'Association doit communiquer avec la CDS [La Caisse canadienne de dépôt de valeurs limitée] pour déterminer dans combien de temps on prévoit que le SCD sera rétabli et pleinement opérationnel. Il appartient alors à la CDS de décider s'il convient de passer à son mécanisme manuel provisoire de remise en nantissement. Si la fonction de remise en nantissement du SCD doit demeurer inaccessible pendant plus de deux (2) heures, il faudrait passer au mécanisme provisoire.  1, fiche 20, Français, - m%C3%A9canisme%20manuel%20provisoire%20de%20remise%20en%20nantissement

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dump : In a system handling large numbers of users’ files stored on magnetic disks, one of the periodic records of the state of the disks that are made on magnetic tape in order to protect against accidental overwriting or mechanical failure of the disks.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - disc%20dump

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vidage : enregistrement périodique de l'état des disques réalisé sur bande magnétique afin de protéger leurs contenus.  2, fiche 22, Français, - vidage%20de%20disque

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geomembrane Liners : Accidents and Preventive Measures. Performance of geomembrane-lined facilities used for waste disposal and liquid storage is analyzed, providing a check-list of failure mechanisms and guidelines for prevention. Approximately thirty such facilities exhibiting various mechanisms of failures were investigated by the author. Failure is characterized by leakage or large liner displacement hampering operation of the facility.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - liner%20displacement

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une analyse du comportement de plus de trente réserves de liquides et de dépôts de déchets revêtus de géomembranes a permis d'établir une liste de mécanismes de défaillance et des recommandations pour leur prévention. Les défaillances sont de deux types: fuite de liquide ou grand déplacement de la géomembrane empêchant l'utilisation de l'ouvrage.  1, fiche 24, Français, - d%C3%A9placement%20de%20la%20g%C3%A9omembrane

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geomembrane Liners : Accidents and Preventive Measures. Performance of geomembrane-lined facilities used for waste disposal and liquid storage is analyzed, providing a check-list of failure mechanisms and guidelines for prevention. Approximately thirty such facilities exhibiting various mechanisms of failures were investigated by the author. Failure is characterized by leakage or large liner displacement hampering operation of the facility.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - geomembrane%2Dlined

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une analyse du comportement de plus de trente réserves de liquides et de dépôts de déchets revêtus de géomembranes a permis d'établir une liste de mécanismes de défaillance et des recommandations pour leur prévention. Les défaillances sont de deux types: fuite de liquide ou grand déplacement de la géomembrane empêchant l'utilisation de l'ouvrage.  1, fiche 25, Français, - rev%C3%AAtu%20de%20g%C3%A9omembrane

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geomembranes are very low permeability membrane liners and barriers used with any geotechnical engineering based material so as to control fluid migrations in a man-made project, structure or system. The term liner applies when a geomembrane is used as an interface or a surface revetment. The term barrier is usually reserved for the cases where the geomembrane is used inside an earth mass. Geomembrane is a generic term which has been proposed to replace many terms such as: synthetic membranes, polymeric membranes, plastic liners, flexible membrane liners, impermeable membranes and impervious sheets.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - barrier

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Geomembrane Liners : Accidents and Preventive Measures. Performance of geomembrane-lined facilities used for waste disposal and liquid storage is analyzed, providing a check-list of failure mechanisms and guidelines for prevention. Approximately thirty such facilities exhibiting various mechanisms of failures were investigated by the author. Failure is characterized by leakage or large liner displacement hampering operation of the facility.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - barrier

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nappe mince, utilisée dans le Génie Civil pour sa fonction d'étanchéité ou d'imperméabilisation.  2, fiche 26, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Feuille synthétique introduite dans le sol et servant d'écran séparateur.  3, fiche 26, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe deux types principaux de géotextiles, perméables et imperméables. Ces derniers (...) sont souvent appelés géomembranes, et le terme géotextile est réservé aux textiles perméables apparus après 1960.  4, fiche 26, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geomembrane Liners : Accidents and Preventive Measures. Performance of geomembrane-lined facilities used for waste disposal and liquid storage is analyzed, providing a check-list of failure mechanisms and guidelines for prevention. Approximately thirty such facilities exhibiting various mechanisms of failures were investigated by the author. Failure is characterized by leakage or large liner displacement hampering operation of the facility.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - geomembrane%20liner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Geomembranes are very low permeability membrane liners and barriers used with any geotechnical engineering based material so as to control fluid migrations in man-made project, structure or system. The term liner applies when a geomembrane is used as an interface or a surface revetment. The term barrier is usually reserved for the cases where the geomembrane is used inside an earth mass. Geomembrane is a generic term which has been proposed to replace many terms such as: synthetic membranes, polymeric membranes, plastic liners, flexible membrane liners, impermeable membranes and impervious sheets.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - geomembrane%20liner

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nappe mince, utilisée dans le Génie Civil pour sa fonction d'étanchéité ou d'imperméabilisation.  2, fiche 27, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Feuille synthétique introduite dans le sol et servant d'écran séparateur.  3, fiche 27, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une analyse du comportement de plus de trente réserves de liquides et de dépôts de déchets revêtus de géomembranes a permis d'établir une liste de mécanismes de défaillance et des recommandations pour leur prévention. Les défaillances sont de deux types : fuite de liquide ou grand déplacement de la géomembrane empêchant l'utilisation de l'ouvrage.  4, fiche 27, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe deux types principaux de géotextiles, perméables et imperméables. Ces derniers (...) sont souvent appelés géomembranes, et le terme géotextile est réservé aux textiles perméables apparus après 1960.  5, fiche 27, Français, - g%C3%A9omembrane

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Large numbers of low-income Canadians experience emotional distress(Stephens 1981) ;feelings of futility, helplessness, inadequacy, and depression contribute to a life-setting conducive to illness-a syndrome which Engel(1968) has called "the giving-up/given-up complex". Engel proposes that this emotional state reflects "the failure of mental coping mechanisms with concurrent alterations in biological mechanisms reducing the body's ability to deal with pathogenic process and permitting disease to develop. "  3, fiche 28, Anglais, - giving%2Dup%2Fgiven%2Dup%20complex

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

From descriptions by patients of their life setting and their feelings during the period antedating illness onset we can identify five characteristics of the giving-up - given-up complex: (1) the giving up affects of helplessness or hopelessness; (2) a depreciated image of oneself; (3) a loss of gratification from relationships or roles in life; (4) a disruption of the sense of continuity between past, present, and future; and (5) a reactivation of memories of earlier periods of giving up.  4, fiche 28, Anglais, - giving%2Dup%2Fgiven%2Dup%20complex

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'anglais répète deux fois le verbe "give-up" afin de marquer l'enchaînement entre la démission psychologique et la démission physique. En français on obtient cette insistance en utilisant les déterminants "enchaîne" ou "en cascade".  1, fiche 28, Français, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20d%C3%A9missions%20en%20cha%C3%AEne

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This type of motion causes a smoke plume from a continuous point source to meander ....  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - continuous%20point%20source

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... accidental situation.... The mode of release depends on the chemical and how it is stored and on the nature of the rupture... on the containing vessel.... A gas leak from a tank would act as a "point" source of vapour emissions, whereas as a liquid leak spreading on a land or water surface and evaporating would act as an "area" source. Both of these types of sources would be of a "semi-continuous" nature, whereas a catastrophic failure... would result in an "instantaneous" cloud(or "puff") source.... [in] the latter case,... a large amount of material is released in a short time.  3, fiche 29, Anglais, - continuous%20point%20source

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Modélisation de la diffusion atmosphérique des polluants.  1, fiche 29, Français, - source%20ponctuelle%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9mission%20continue

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In an accidental situation,... the mode of release depends on the chemical and how it is stored and on the nature of the rupture which may be highly irregular and can occur anywhere on the containing vessel.... A gas leak from a tank would act as a "point" source of vapour emissions, whereas as a liquid leak spreading on a land or water surface and evaporating would act as an "area" source. Both of these types of sources would be of a "semi-continuous" nature, whereas a catastrophic failure would result in an "instantaneous" cloud(or "puff") source.... in this latter case, a large amount of material is released in a short time....  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - instantaneous%20point%20source

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les cahiers de la collection "Enviroguide", publiés par Environnement Canada, se rapporte à la perforation d'une citerne par suite d'un accident, donnant lieu sur le coup à une très forte émission de vapeurs qualifiée de "bouffée" (voir cette fiche).  1, fiche 30, Français, - source%20ponctuelle%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9mission%20instantan%C3%A9e

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the limiting stress below which a metal will withstand an indefinitely large number of cycles of stress without failure by fatigue fracture.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - cycle%20of%20stress

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

les machines d'essais d'endurance permettent de réaliser des contraintes périodiques qui sont en général sinusoïdales.  1, fiche 31, Français, - contrainte%20p%C3%A9riodique

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the limiting stress below which a metal will withstand an indefinitely large number of cycle of stress without failure by fatigue fracture.  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - cycle%20of%20stress

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

si l'amplitude et le nombre de sollicitations périodiques sont suffisantes, il en résulte une rupture par fatigue.  1, fiche 32, Français, - sollicitations%20p%C3%A9riodiques

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol