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A feature of the equatorial ionosphere is the equatorial, or Appleton, anomaly. This anomaly consists of two maxima in electron density, located approximately 15° north and south of the magnetic equator. The daily equatorial anomaly generally begins to develop near 0900-1000 local time, and reaches its maximum development at 1400-1500(Huang and Cheng 1991). In periods of solar maximum, however, the anomaly may peak at "2100 local time, "and patches of plasma depletions(or "bubbles") form in this postsunset region. Small-scale irregularities form within these patches, becoming a source of intense scintillation effects.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Appleton%20anomaly

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Une des lois de l'atmosphère.  2, fiche 1, Français, - anomalie%20d%27Appleton

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is a peculiarity in the F2 layer, not found in the other layers, called the winter anomaly. Although daytime ion production is higher in the summer, there are seasonal changes in the molecular-to-atomic ratio of the underlying(neutral) atmosphere that cause the summer ion loss rate to be even higher. The result is that the increase in the summertime loss overwhelms the increase in summertime production, and total F2 ionisation is actually lower, not higher, in the local summer months.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - winter%20anomaly

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In the graphical approach [to separation of gravity anomalies], the regional effect must be estimated from plotted profile or contour maps of observed gravity; regional contours are interpolated more or less arbitrarily, being superimposed over the original gravity field.(...) Where the contours at a distance from a local anomaly are quite regular, it is possible to take out the regional trend by drawing lines which connect the undisturbed contours outside the area within which the anomaly is confined(...). Where the smoothed contours cross contours of observed gravity, the differences between the two, which have discrete values at each intersection, are marked and themselves contoured. The resulting map gives residual gravity.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - smoothed%20contours%20technique

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Essentiellement graphique, cette méthode consiste à examiner l'allure d'ensemble des lignes de contour d'iso-intensité et à tracer les courbes lisses qui ne tiennent pas compte des perturbations locales définissant ainsi l'anomalie régionale (...)  1, fiche 3, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20contours%20adoucis

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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faible variation de gravité Poldini: "Les Sondages électriques p. 1  1, fiche 4, Français, - anomalie%20locale

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol