TERMIUM Plus^®

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The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The first laboratory-produced meat patty (cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger." The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials (vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one’s own kitchen within 20 years.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors(the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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The Nova Scotia Construction Sector Council-Industrial-Commercial-Institutional' s purpose is to provide research and labour market information which will support recommended short, medium and long term improvements and solutions focusing on the human resource capacity of this sector to : identify imminent and future skills required by sector employees, identify current worker skills and qualifications, identify the demand for additional skills development, identify current and future essential skills and new technology, and to promote this industry as a professional career choice.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - Nova%20Scotia%20Construction%20Sector%20Council%20%2D%20Industrial%2DCommercial%2DInstitutional

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Mandate : To review proposals, challenge the issues and provide direction for the development of multi-purpose Canadian Forces(CF) capabilities including the Long Term Capital Plans and Future Capability Plans. For strategic projects, JCRB routinely develops a joint understanding of Concepts of Employment/Operations, debates and reaches consensus for Statements of Operational Requirement and resolve issues of project scope at the corporate level.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Joint%20Capability%20Requirement%20Board

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Mandat : Examiner les propositions, mettre les problèmes en question et donner des directives pour mettre au point les capacités multifonctionnelles des Forces canadiennes (FC) dont les plans d'immobilisations à long terme et les plans des capacités futures. Pour les projets stratégiques, le CCIR élabore régulièrement un accord commun sur les concepts d'emploi ou des opérations. Après discussion, arrive à un accord général au sujet des énoncés des besoins opérationnels et règle les questions de contenu des projets au niveau ministériel.  3, fiche 3, Français, - Comit%C3%A9%20des%20capacit%C3%A9s%20interarm%C3%A9es%20requises

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Software Human Resource Council Inc.-Youth & Career Initiatives. The Missing Link was created to assist young people in preparing for the job market and the future; to reinforce the essential relationship between job skills, academic subjects and the importance of a well-rounded education; to deliver the message that by increasing career-oriented skills, career possibilities are also increased; to reinforce that staying in school increases the range of careers for which students will qualify; to promote the concept that staying in school increases the range of careers for which students will qualify; to promote the concept that continual upgrading of skills results in long term successes; to provide a framework for youth, parents, and educators to collect vital career information; to give examples of the following important career concepts : the impact of the global economy, the need for life-long learning, the portability of skills between occupations, the importance of current and future technology and the importance of following one's passions and interest.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - The%20Missing%20Link%20%2D%20The%20Software%20Career%20Mystery%20Kit

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Conseil des ressources humaines du logiciel, Inc. Le chaînon manquant a été créé pour accorder du soutien aux jeunes pour la préparation du marché de l'emploi et de l'avenir; raffermir la relation essentielle entre les aptitudes professionnelles, les matières théoriques et l'importance d'une formation complète; diffuser le message indiquant que l'augmentation des aptitudes axées sur la carrière augmente également les possibilités de carrière; raffermir la pensée selon laquelle le fait de rester à l'école augmente l'éventail des carrières pour lesquelles les étudiants peuvent se qualifier; promouvoir le concept que la mise à jour continue des compétences est garante de réussites à long terme; offrir une infrastructure aux jeunes, aux parents et aux enseignants pour recueillir les informations essentielles sur les carrières; présenter les concepts importants sur la carrière : les répercussions sur l'économie mondiale, la nécessité d'un apprentissage continu, la transférabilité des compétences entre les emplois, l'importance de la technologie actuelle et de l'avenir, l'importance de poursuivre nos passions et nos intérêts.  1, fiche 4, Français, - Le%20cha%C3%AEnon%20manquant%20%3A%20La%20trousse%20myst%C3%A8re%20des%20carri%C3%A8res%20dans%20le%20domaine%20du%20logiciel

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When declining NASA budgets are combined with operational programs like the Space Shuttle and International Space Station, little remains for new ventures that have long term high cost attributes. This is one reason NASA is developing single stage rocket technology but is leaving development of future launch systems to private industry.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - single%20stage%20rocket%20technology

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Commission created by the United Nations. In 1987, it published a report(Brundtland Report) titled "Our Common Future" describing the long term effects of worldwide economic activity based on sustained development involving prevention, recycling, energy saving and safe technology. Development required substantial financial aid from western countries to underdeveloped nations. The commission was directed by Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - World%20Commission%20on%20Environment%20and%20Development

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Commission créée par les Nations Unies. En 1987, elle publia un rapport - le rapport Brundtland - sous le nom de «Our Common Future» qui analyse le développement économique à long terme du point de vue d'un développement durable. Le développement durable vise principalement la prévention, le recyclage, la gestion des ressources d'énergie et le développement de technologies non polluantes, grâce à l'aide financière du monde occidental aux pays du Tiers Monde. La commission a été dirigée par Gro Harlem Brundtland, Premier Ministre de Norvège.  4, fiche 6, Français, - Commission%20mondiale%20sur%20l%27environnement%20et%20le%20d%C3%A9veloppement

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Comisión creada por las Naciones Unidas. En 1987 publicó un informe (Informe Brundtland) con el nombre de "Our Common Future" que da una visión a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo económico a escala mundial partiendo de un desarrollo sostenible. El desarrollo sostenible se dirige principalmente hacia la prevención, reciclaje, ahorro de energía y desarrollo de tecnologías limpias, partiendo de una gran ayuda financiera del mundo occidental hacia los países del tercer mundo para subsanar la situación. La comisión fue dirigida por Gro Harlem Brundtland, Primer Ministro de Noruega.  2, fiche 6, Espagnol, - Comisi%C3%B3n%20Mundial%20sobre%20el%20Medio%20Ambiente%20y%20Desarrollo

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In 1987, the ESA(European SPace AGency) Long Term Program Office started a series of studies dedicated to investigating the development of a European Manned Space Infrastructure in low Earth orbit(EMSI), including its role in supporting future missions to the Moon and Mars.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - long%20term%20program%20office

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This is the term used to describe the issue of British government stock. They are called gilts, because the certificates were at one time edged in gold. It is mainly long term, but from time to time short-term issues may be seen.... All gilts have a fixed interest rate, and most are redeemable at some future date. [Klein, Gerald. Dictionary of Banking. Pitman Publishing, 1995].  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - gilt%2Dedged%20stock

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Valores del gobierno británico que pagan un interés específico, negociables en la bolsa de valores.  2, fiche 8, Espagnol, - bonos%20del%20Gobierno%20brit%C3%A1nico

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Se les denominan "borde dorado" debido a la seguridad del pago del interés ya que se redimen en la fecha estipulada.  2, fiche 8, Espagnol, - bonos%20del%20Gobierno%20brit%C3%A1nico

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... hypermedia appears to offer a "rehearsal medium" that can be used to construct contexts where the learner can anticipate the future. It is a medium that exploits our ability as a species to manage, organize and manipulate complexity by relating multi-sensory elements into patterns of relationship, which can themselves be changed until something new emerges. It may be that in the long term hypermedia's real significance as a training medium lies in the realm of its potential for training for innovation, rather than training as reproduction.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - rehearsal%20medium

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The ME [Montreal Exchange] bond options market permits the redistribution of risk among hedgers and speculators. Hedgers, such as North American banks, pension funds, insurance companies, brokerage firms, businesses and investors are using bond options to manage their bond portfolios in a number of ways including to : lock-in the price of future bond purchases; protect the value of debt portfolios; lock-in the cost of future financing; hedge the cost of long term borrowing.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - bond%20options%20market

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Le marché des options sur obligations permet de redistribuer le risque parmi les contrepartistes et les spéculateurs. Les contrepartistes, tels les banques nord-américaines, les fonds de pension, les compagnies d'assurance, les firmes de courtage, les sociétés et les investisseurs utilisent les options sur obligations pour gérer leurs portefeuilles d'obligations de façon à: fixer le prix d'achats anticipés d'obligations; protéger la valeur de leurs portefeuilles d'obligations; fixer le coût de financements anticipés; protéger le coût d'emprunts à long terme.  2, fiche 11, Français, - march%C3%A9%20des%20options%20sur%20obligations

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