TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Tokens are the basic units of text that AI models... use to process and generate language.... Tokens can be as short as a single character or as long as a full word. Spaces, punctuation and even parts of words count as tokens. The model splits... text into tokens before processing and generating responses.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - token

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Donnée élémentaire d'un grand modèle de langage, qui est constituée d'une suite de caractères obtenue par la segmentation automatique d'un texte.  2, fiche 1, Français, - jeton

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La segmentation en jetons textuels est utilisée aussi bien dans la phase d'apprentissage automatique que dans la phase de traitement d'une instruction générative.  2, fiche 1, Français, - jeton

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Le nombre de jetons textuels sert à mesurer la taille d'un grand modèle de langage; il permet aussi d'estimer et de facturer le coût de fonctionnement des grands modèles de langage commerciaux.  2, fiche 1, Français, - jeton

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jeton textuel : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 6 septembre 2024.  3, fiche 1, Français, - jeton

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Antes de que un modelo de lenguaje pueda procesar texto, es necesario convertir las palabras en una representación numérica comprensible para la máquina. A este proceso se le llama tokenización. Un token es una unidad mínima de texto que el modelo utiliza para entender y generar información: puede ser una palabra completa, una sílaba o incluso un fragmento de palabra, dependiendo de la estrategia empleada.  3, fiche 1, Espagnol, - token

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Any of many lung diseases caused by the inhalation of a variety of organic or inorganic dusts or chemical irritants, usually over a prolonged period of time.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - pneumoconiosis

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The disease appears in different forms, depending on the type of dust you inhale. One of the most common forms is black lung disease, also known as miner’s lung. It’s caused by breathing in coal dust. Another is brown lung, which comes from working around dust from cotton or other fibers. Other types of dusts that can cause pneumoconiosis include silica and asbestos. Diacetyl, the compound used to give movie popcorn its buttery flavor, also can lead to the disease. This is known as popcorn lung.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - pneumoconiosis

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pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis : A word invented... in imitation of polysyllabic medical terms, alleged to mean "a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine sand and ash dust" but occurring only as an instance of a very long word.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - pneumoconiosis

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des affections bronchopulmonaires dues à l'inhalation prolongée de poussières minérales ou organiques [...]  3, fiche 2, Français, - pneumoconiose

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[...] la dénomination de ces affections varie selon la nature des particules en cause : silicose (silice), sidérose (fer), byssinose (coton), bagassose (canne à sucre), etc.  3, fiche 2, Français, - pneumoconiose

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre genérico aplicado a ciertas enfermedades crónicas producidas por el polvo de diversas substancias minerales, como carbón, hierro, sílice o calcio; las padecen, por ejemplo, los mineros, canteros o picapedreros, o los que trabajan en la elaboración del tabaco.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - neumoconiosis

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trap is a subgenre of hip hop music that originated in the Southern United States during the early 1990s. The genre gets its name from the... slang word "trap, "which refers to a place in which drugs are sold illegally. Trap music uses synthesized drums and is characterized by complicated hi-hat patterns, tuned kick drums with a long decay... and lyrical content that often focuses on drug use and urban violence. It utilizes very few instruments and focuses almost exclusively on snare drums and double-or triple-timed hi-hats.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - trap%20music

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La trap [...] se caractérise par son contenu lyrique et un son particulier, lié notamment à l'utilisation importante [d'une] boîte à rythmes [...], des doubles croches, triolets et autres divisions temporelles plus rapides aux sonorités charleston, des nappes de synthétiseur et des ensembles de cordes virtuelles.  2, fiche 3, Français, - musique%20trap

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Since the beginning of our French colony, the habitants of New France created a rowdy tradition of getting together just before Lent to eat, drink and be merry. At this time, this intense period of revelry was already designated as the Carnival-a word of Italian origin meaning Mardi Gras. The custom of celebrating from the end of January until mid-February has long been popular. The first large winter Carnival in Québec City, the world's snow capital, took place in 1894. Often faced with winter's hardships, the city's population reinvented this popular tradition with a winter celebration that warmed up the hearts of all of it revellers. Interrupted by two wars, then the economic crisis of 1929, the Carnival was held sporadically until the second half of the century. In 1954, in the context of the economic development of the Old Capital, a group of business people relaunched the festivities. That year, Bonhomme was born and elected the event's representative. The first official edition of the Québec Winter Carnival took place in 1955. The Carnival snowballed into an undeniable manifestation for the entire Québec City population, and was an important vehicle for tourism and economical activity in the city.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - Qu%C3%A9bec%20Winter%20Carnival

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Dès les débuts de la colonie française les habitants de la Nouvelle-France avaient pris l'habitude de se réunir pour fêter un bon coup, juste avant la période du carême. Déjà, à cette époque, le carnaval - un mot d'origine italienne qui signifie mardi gras - désignait cette période intense de célébrations. La tradition de fêter de la fin janvier jusqu'à la mi-février ne date pas d'hier. À Québec, dans la Capitale mondiale de la neige, le premier grand carnaval d'hiver est lancé en 1894. Ainsi, une population souvent éprouvée par les rigueurs hivernales, ranimait une tradition populaire et mettait sur pied une fête des neiges qui réchaufferait les cœurs. Interrompu par les deux guerres et la grande crise économique de 1929, le Carnaval resurgit sporadiquement jusqu'à la deuxième moitié du siècle. En 1954, dans une perspective de développement économique de la Vieille Capitale, un groupe de gens d'affaires relance la fête. Bonhomme naît en 1954 et est élu représentant de l'événement. La première édition du Carnaval d'hiver de Québec a lieu en 1955. Le Carnaval de Québec devient alors une manifestation incontournable pour la population de Québec, et un moteur de l'activité touristique hivernale de la ville.  1, fiche 4, Français, - Carnaval%20de%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The test involved randomly showing a patient words on a piece of card and asking the patient to say the first thing that comes to his mind upon seeing the word. Sometimes a patient would not be able to say anything upon seeing the word. He reasoned, after his experiments with his word-association test that our mind develops delayed or long reaction times to particular words. These words generally set off an unconscious emotion, feeling or memory-or a complex as Jung called it.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Jung%20association%20test

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Jung ... selected stimulus words to represent common "emotional complexes". The responses were analyzed with reference to reaction time and content ...  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - Jung%20association%20test

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This test is sometimes simply designated as word association test (cf. WOBEH, 1974, p. 381).  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - Jung%20association%20test

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Le test d'association de mots de Jung est [...] un des premiers tests projectifs. [...] en prononçant devant le sujet une liste de mots inducteurs, celui-ci est invité à dire le plus rapidement possible le mot auquel le mot inducteur fait penser. Si le mot inducteur a une valeur affective forte [...] il peut s'ensuivre un certain trouble et on peut chercher à remplacer une réponse par une autre. L'allongement du temps de réaction est l'indicateur le plus fréquent du complexe.  3, fiche 5, Français, - test%20d%27association%20de%20mots%20de%20Jung

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EMPSY, 1970, vol. 1, N° 37190 A10, p. 15.  4, fiche 5, Français, - test%20d%27association%20de%20mots%20de%20Jung

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Colour" in the name "colour-glass condensate" refers to a type of charge that quarks and gluons carry as a result of the strong nuclear force. The word "glass" is borrowed from the term for silica and other materials that are disordered and act like solids on short time scales but liquids on long time scales. In the "gluon walls, "the gluons themselves are disordered and do not change their positions rapidly because of time dilation. "Condensate" means that the gluons have a very high density.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - colour%2Dglass%20condensate

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Une explication [...] de la physique dite de la saturation [...] postule l'existence d'un état particulier de la matière appelé «condensat de verre de couleur». Il s'agit d'un «condensat», car cet état serait une superposition très dense de gluons. Il est «coloré», en référence à une propriété quantique des gluons appelée «charge de couleur». Il est de «verre», enfin, car ses caractéristiques rappellent celles de ce matériau qui, d'une certaine manière, est «figé». Dans un condensat, en effet, le mouvement des gluons est comme «gelé» en raison de la dilatation du temps imputable à la vitesse très grande des collisions.  2, fiche 6, Français, - condensat%20de%20verre%20de%20couleur

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recall now the crude Quantity Theory, which held that prices must always be proportional to the amount of money-so that doubling M [the Money supply] must exactly double P [the price level]. For many situations in the real word-with its sticky prices, booms, recessions, and thousands of changes always going on to confound the experiment-we saw that the crude Quantity Theory was not a good predicting device.... the crude Quantity Theory... has a degree of predictive value during galloping inflations and over certain long time intervals.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - crude%20Quantity%20Theory

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Third-hand smoke is a new word for the smoke that gets trapped in hair, skin, fabric(including clothing, curtains and car seats), carpet, furniture and toys. Each time someone smokes, smoke gets trapped in or on the fabric, furniture, walls and other objects around them. Third-hand smoke contains the same toxic chemicals as second-hand smoke. These chemicals stick around long after a smoker has put out a cigarette, cigar or pipe, and it builds up over time. The chemicals from the trapped smoke pollute the air and get into a person's lungs and body.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - third%2Dhand%20smoke

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fumée tertiaire est un nouveau terme employé pour désigner la fumée qui reste emprisonnée dans les cheveux, la peau, les tissus (dont les vêtements, les rideaux et les sièges de voiture), les tapis, les meubles et les jouets. Chaque fois qu'une personne fume, la fumée reste emprisonnée dans ou sur les tissus, les meubles, les murs et autres objets autour d'elle. La fumée tertiaire contient les mêmes substances chimiques toxiques que la fumée secondaire. Ces produits chimiques restent longtemps après que le fumeur ait éteint sa cigarette, son cigare ou sa pipe et s'accumulent au fil du temps. Les substances chimiques de la fumée ainsi emprisonnée polluent l'air et s'infiltrent dans les poumons et le corps d'une personne.  4, fiche 8, Français, - fum%C3%A9e%20tertiaire

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A song or melody that keeps repeating in one’s mind.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - earworm

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The term earworm originally comes from a translation of the German word "Ohrwurm. "... Often a person experiencing an earworm has no idea why a tune has popped into their head and has little control over how long it continues.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - earworm

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] une mélodie très populaire qu'on retient trop facilement et dont on ne peut pas se débarrasser.  1, fiche 9, Français, - chanson%2Dvelcro

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The name of this pasta comes from the Italian word for "strings" and in general spaghetti is in the form of long, thin strands that are round and solid.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - spaghetti

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

spaghetti: collective term usually taking a singular verb. The term most often refers to the whole serving rather than to one single pasta strand.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - spaghetti

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pâte alimentaire en forme de longue et mince tige qui mesure en général 25 cm de long.  2, fiche 10, Français, - spaghetti

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spaghetti : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, fiche 10, Français, - spaghetti

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spaghetti : La forme au pluriel est «spaghettis». Le pluriel des emprunts italiens s'écrit en suivant la règle générale du pluriel des mots français.  3, fiche 10, Français, - spaghetti

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pasta alimenticia de harina en forma de cilindros macizos, largos y delgados, más gruesos que los fideos.  1, fiche 10, Espagnol, - espagueti

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glare is a laminated material made of alternate layers of aluminium and glass fibre. The word ’Glare’ stands for Glassfibre Reinforced Aluminium. Glare was developed in co-operation with the Delft University of Technology and the Netherlands National Aerospace Laboratory(NLR).... Glare has greatly reduced susceptibility to metal fatigue and is therefore stronger than aluminium, which allows significant weight savings to be achieved.... The Glare material is bonded under high pressure and temperature in [the Glare autoclave]. Glare combines the ideal characteristics of metal and composites. The selected fibre material is glass fibre, and the metal used is aluminium. To ensure high integrity and durability of the aluminium and glass fibre layers, these are securely bonded using an epoxy resin. The resin and bonding must be able to resist the extreme operating conditions encountered in flight, such as pressure, tension and torsion forces, as well as extreme temperatures in polar and tropical regions, and must be designed for a long operational lifetime.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Glare%C2%AE

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Glare®: a registered trademark.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - Glare%C2%AE

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] Glare [...] est un stratifié hybride élaboré à partir de couches alternées d'aluminium et de nappes unidirectionnelles de fibres de verre pré-imprégnées de résine époxyde. Ce matériau est 10% moins dense que les alliages d'aluminium et présente des tolérances à l'endommagement et en fatigue supérieures, ainsi qu'une meilleure tenue à la corrosion et une très bonne résistance aux flammes. Utilisé pour des panneaux du fuselage supérieur, le gain de masse attendu est de l'ordre de 800 kg.  1, fiche 11, Français, - Glare%C2%AE

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Glare® : marque de commerce.  4, fiche 11, Français, - Glare%C2%AE

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A feature on many systems which automatically places a word too long for the line being typed onto the next line.  10, fiche 12, Anglais, - wraparound

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wraparound; word wrap: terms standardized by CSA.  11, fiche 12, Anglais, - wraparound

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Fonction permettant de reporter automatiquement sur la ligne suivante le texte entré après la dernière position de la ligne courante.  2, fiche 12, Français, - bouclage

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renvoi à la ligne : terme normalisé par la CSA.  6, fiche 12, Français, - bouclage

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica de formato en el procesamiento de palabras tal que, cuando se excede el margen derecho la programática pasa las palabras automáticamente al siguiente renglón.  2, fiche 12, Espagnol, - escritura%20continua

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A diferencia de un retorno obligatorio, este retorno es condicional, ya que la computadora (ordenador) ejecuta la instrucción solamente cuando la palabra en curso no cabe en la línea en que se está trabajando.  2, fiche 12, Espagnol, - escritura%20continua

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The marotte is the most elementary form of rod puppet. Originally, the word "marotte" referred to a jester's stick : a wand topped with a head that was trimmed with particoloured ribbons and bells. Today, the term "marotte" refers to a puppet controlled from below with a single central rod. In French, the term "marotte" can be used even when other rods are added to control the arms, as long as the head and limbs of the marotte are fixed to the central rod and move on the same axis as the stick.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - marotte

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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La marotte est la forme la plus élémentaire des marionnettes à tige. À l'origine, le mot « marotte » désignait le bâton de bouffon, un sceptre surmonté d'une tête garnie de rubans bigarrés et de grelots. De nos jours, le terme « marotte » désigne une marionnette manipulée par le bas à l'aide d'une seule tige centrale. En français, on peut utiliser le terme « marotte » même lorsque d'autres tiges s'ajoutent pour contrôler les bras, du moment que la tête et les membres de la marotte sont fixés à la tige centrale et bougent dans l'axe du bâton.  2, fiche 13, Français, - marotte

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A colorless or yellowish rhombohedral mineral which consists of a natural beryllium silicate occurring in granite pegmatites and used as a gemstone.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - phenakite

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Phenakite.- ... The prismatic crystals often resemble those of quartz, but quartz is striated horizontally on the prisms whereas phenakite is striated vertically.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - phenakite

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Named for a Greek word for "to deceive, "because it was long confused with quartz.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - phenakite

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Chemical formula: Be₂SiO₄  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - phenakite

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

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Minéral du système rhomboédrique constitué de silicate de béryllium se présentant en prismes allongés rappelant le quartz ou en cristaux lenticulaires; incolore ou jaunâtre; souvent taillé comme gemme.  2, fiche 14, Français, - ph%C3%A9nacite

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Étymologie : Vient du grec phenax qui signifie «trompeur», à cause de la confusion avec le quartz.  2, fiche 14, Français, - ph%C3%A9nacite

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Formule chimique : Be₂SiO₄  2, fiche 14, Français, - ph%C3%A9nacite

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Fórmula química: Be₂SiO₄  2, fiche 14, Espagnol, - fenacita

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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(Astrophysics) Any one of a variety of types of official messages forwarded on modern space crafts and directed at extra-terrestrial observers (messages include: plaques bearing greetings, coded maps of the solar system, depictions of male and female earthlings, digitally encoded sounds and colour pictures, photographs).  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Voyager 1 and 2, launched in 1977, carried more elaborate tchotchkes; digitally encoded sounds and colour pictures, and an instruction kit that tells extraterrestrial engineers how to play the record and build a three-colour television receiver.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because this term was borrowed from Yiddish to English, we chose to leave it also in its borrowed form in French(the alternative would likely be a very long, wordy, analytical French phrase). Rather than being a totally new word to the English language, "tchotchke" has existed since the late 1960s. However, its former meaning("inexpensive souvenir or trinket") which is now obsolete in current usage, has been replaced by a new, very domain-specific usage in Astrophysics. Such semantic changes are not unusual, as languages are in a constant state of evolution(and in this case, the meanings are not completely dissimilar and unrelated).  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This neologism is also a "borrowing". English borrows words liberally from other languages; it has, likely, throughout its history. Though the purposes and conditions of borrowing veary greatly, the appearance of foreign words in English often mean a writer is using a native name for an unfamiliar thing or idea. Expanding global contacts are accompanied by more and more borrowings from languages, especially those of Asia and Africa.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - tchotchke

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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To back down from or reverse a previous opinion or stand.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - backpedal

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A politician backpedaling on an earlier promise.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - backpedal

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

"... the word on the street... is that nobody ever gets cured of AIDS. But this study means that at least some people live a long time. "He draws up a bar graph to summarize the study on a new slide, then backpedals a bit :"I’m not sure this study's true. I’m not sure it's etched in stone that some people are not going to have progressive disease. "  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - backpedal

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

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Changer d'avis, revenir sur sa décision, sa promesse.  1, fiche 16, Français, - se%20raviser

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Il semblait décidé mais il s'est ravisé au dernier moment.  1, fiche 16, Français, - se%20raviser

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Attorney General called Dr. Alexander Tsesis as a witness qualified to testify as an expert legal historian to address the long term effects of hate speech and to apply his analysis to the Internet. He testified that these types of commercial, user-based filters are an "inadequate means of blocking bigotry" because they "shed too wide a net". For example, when America On-Line's(AOL' s) software tried to prevent people from accessing websites containing the word "breast", to thereby prevent visits to pornographic websites, it also blocked ones with information on breast cancer.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - user%2Dbased%20filter

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The clergyman Edmund Gunter developed a method of surveying land accurately with low technology equipment, using what became known as Gunter's chain; this was 66 feet long and from the practice of using his chain, the word transferred to the actual measured unit. His chain had 100 links, and the link is used as a subdivision of the chain as a unit of length.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - link

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

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La chaîne est composée de plusieurs segments de fil de fer ou de laiton assez gros, reliés entre eux. Chacun des chaînons, y compris l'anneau qui le relie au voisin, a une longueur déterminée et l'ensemble de la chaîne fournit une longueur précise [...].  1, fiche 18, Français, - cha%C3%AEnon

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un chaînon vaut 0,201168 mètre; il faut 100 chaînons pour faire une chaîne.  2, fiche 18, Français, - cha%C3%AEnon

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Most people tend to think of confit mainly in the context of "duck confit". But a confit is any type of food which is cooked for a long time to help preserve it. Confits can be sweet as in fruit jams("confitures") cooked with sugar; acid as in tomato confit cooked with vinegar; and oily as in duck confit preserved with duck(or goose fat). "Confit" derives from the French word "confire" which simply means "to preserve".  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - confit

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit carné conservé dans la graisse.  1, fiche 19, Français, - confit

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Confit d'oie, confit de canard.  1, fiche 19, Français, - confit

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A center of endocrine activity in the eyestalk of certain crustaceans which is responsible for many physiological functions.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - X%2Dorgan%2Dsinus%20gland%20complex

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

X-organ-sinus gland complex; X-organ-sinus gland system : The hyphen that is placed after the word "organ" is a long hyphen.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - X%2Dorgan%2Dsinus%20gland%20complex

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble endocrine dans le pédoncule oculaire de certains crustacés qui renferme un grand nombre de facteurs susceptibles de réguler toute une série de processus physiologiques.  1, fiche 20, Français, - complexe%20organe%20X%2Dglande%20du%20sinus

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le «très long mot instruction» est une idée nouvelle qui est à la base du fonctionnement des systèmes TRACE de Multiflow. De manière schématique, une instruction longue peut effectuer des opérations pendant un cycle d'horloge court. Elle peut effectuer plusieurs opérations (load, add, store) simultanément.  3, fiche 21, Français, - tr%C3%A8s%20long%20mot%20instruction

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kinds of errors in data.  5, fiche 22, Anglais, - Reed%2DSolomon%20code

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An efficient error-correcting system, the cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon code (CIRC) has been developed with different decoder strategy possibilities.  6, fiche 22, Anglais, - Reed%2DSolomon%20code

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Using a sophisticated method of error detection and correction, the code detects and corrects up to two errors in one code word and interpolates for long error burst.  6, fiche 22, Anglais, - Reed%2DSolomon%20code

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reed-Solomon code: term standardized by ISO and officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  7, fiche 22, Anglais, - Reed%2DSolomon%20code

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Code qui détecte et corrige les erreurs dans le système du disque numérique.  3, fiche 22, Français, - code%20de%20Reed%2DSolomon

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce sont les codes linéaires dits de Reed-Solomon qui ont été reconnus pour leur efficacité.  3, fiche 22, Français, - code%20de%20Reed%2DSolomon

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

code de Reed-Solomon : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, fiche 22, Français, - code%20de%20Reed%2DSolomon

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un código de corrección de errores capaz de corregir errores de símbolos. Puesto que los errores de símbolos son colecciones de bits, estos códigos proporcionan funciones buenas de corrección de errores de ráfagas. [Definición aceptada oficialmente por la OACI].  1, fiche 22, Espagnol, - c%C3%B3digo%20Reed%2DSolomon

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

código Reed-Solomon: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, fiche 22, Espagnol, - c%C3%B3digo%20Reed%2DSolomon

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A feature of some word processors in which the machine holds a word until it is finished to see if it will fit on a line.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - automatic%20return

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the word is too long, a return is inserted and the word placed on the next line.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - automatic%20return

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un traitement de texte, fonctionnalité qui entraîne le passage automatique à la ligne suivante d'un mot qui aurait, sinon, débordé dans la marge.  1, fiche 23, Français, - retour%20%C3%A0%20la%20ligne%20automatique

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «charriot».  4, fiche 23, Français, - retour%20%C3%A0%20la%20ligne%20automatique

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

charriot : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, fiche 23, Français, - retour%20%C3%A0%20la%20ligne%20automatique

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En un programa de procesamiento de palabras, es un corte de línea insertado por el programa para mantener los márgenes.  1, fiche 23, Espagnol, - retorno%20selectivo%20del%20carro

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La posición del retorno del carro por programática puede cambiar al cambiar los márgenes o si se inserta o suprime un texto dentro de la línea.  1, fiche 23, Espagnol, - retorno%20selectivo%20del%20carro

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Variations above and below the trend line of an economy. These variations have long been referred to as business cycles but, because they are not limited to the business sector of an economy and because the word "cycle" suggests a regularity which most investigators cannot find, most writers today use the expression "economic fluctuations".  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - economic%20fluctuation

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mouvement oscillatoire de l'activité économique.  1, fiche 24, Français, - fluctuation

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'usage du terme "fluctuation" sans le qualificatif "économique" peut prêter à confusion.  3, fiche 24, Français, - fluctuation

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cambios que se producen en la situación económica, medibles a través de indicadores. Las fluctuaciones abarcan desde los ciclos de largo plazo hasta las oscilaciones de carácter estacional, e incluso a las que tienen un perfil irregular y esporádico debido a calamidades naturales.  3, fiche 24, Espagnol, - fluctuaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fluctuación: término extraído del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, fiche 24, Espagnol, - fluctuaci%C3%B3n

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A processor whose architecture combines many simple instructions into a single long instruction word that uses different registers.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - very%20long%20instruction%20work%20processor

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processeur dont l'architecture combine de nombreuses instructions simples en un seul mot instruction qui utilise plusieurs registres.  1, fiche 25, Français, - processeur%20VLIW

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An analytic principle in linguistics whereby pairs of linguistic features, seen as oppositions, are given different values of positive (marked) and neutral or negative (unmarked). In its most general sense, this distinction refers to the presence versus the absence of a particular linguistic feature.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - markedness

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jacobson pointed out that most linguistic contrast are not equivalent or reversible : one pole of the contrast is more basic(or unmarked), while the other is essentially defined in relation to the basic pole, and is therefore marked. For example, at the level of sound structure, a voiceless sound is unmarked in contrast to a marked one; at the level of lexical semantics, the word "long" is unmarked, in contrast to the word "short" which is marked. The concept of markedness found its way into descriptions at each level of language and... exerted a major influence on adjacent fields.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - markedness

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractère particulier par rapport à un terme neutre, non marqué. Forme marquée du substantif (féminin, pluriel, par rapport à masculin, singulier, non marqués).  1, fiche 26, Français, - caract%C3%A8re%20marqu%C3%A9

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four contiguous bytes (32 bits) starting on an addressable byte boundary. Bits are numbered from right to left with 0 through 31. The address of the longword is the address of the byte containing bit 0. When interpreted arithmetically, a longword is a two’s complement integer with significance increasing from bit 0 to bit 30. When interpreted as a signed integer, bit 31 is the sign bit.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - long%20word

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A lyophobic colloidal system is one which is intrinsically unstable with respect to aggregation of the colloidally dispersed materials into macroscopic phases.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - lyophobic%20colloidal%20system

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lyophobic systems which coagulate only very slowly are sometimes referred to as stable. A better word, "diuturnal" has been used by Mysels. It describes such systems more accurately as having a life-time long compared to the period of observation. Preferably this word should be used, together with its antonym, "caducous" where appropriate, in the description of lyophobic systems, rather than the terms stable and unstable.... However, lyophobic systems must be prepared either by aggregation of molecularly dispersed material or by subdivision of coarse material. Even during the preparation provision must be made to prevent aggregation of the newly formed particles.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - lyophobic%20colloidal%20system

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maedi is the Icelandic word for dyspnoea, and the disease is a type of pneumonia with a very long incubation period-one to three years or even more. Listlessness and loss of condition-often after stress of some kind-are the first symptoms. An early sign is dyspnoea; after physical exertion the breathing becomes very rapid and shallow. Later, breathing becomes difficult even when the animal is at rest, and death often follows.  3, fiche 29, Anglais, - maedi

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pneumonie chronique du mouton islandais due vraisemblablement à un virus lent [...] L'incubation est très longue, et peut dépasser 2 ans. La masse des poumons augmente et progresse sans rémission jusqu'à la mort. On tend de nos jours à considérer qu'il s'agit de la formule pulmonaire d'une affection qui sous sa forme nerveuse est appelée visna.  3, fiche 29, Français, - maedi

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode of speech which allows word boundaries to merge as long as individual word pronunciations are clear.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - continuous%20speech

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suite de mots prononcés sans qu'ils soient séparés par des pauses.  3, fiche 31, Français, - parole%20continue

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol