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The mandolin appears to have descended from the medieval gittern in Italy, where it took two forms. One was the Milanese or Lombardian mandolin... with six double courses of strings tuned in thirds and fourths. The other was the Neapolitan mandolin... with four double courses tuned in fifths as in the modern mandolin. The Milanese mandolin fell into disuse into in the late nineteenth century, and the Neapolitan mandolin ultimately prevailed.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Milanese%20mandolin

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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La mandoline est un petit instrument en forme de poire et à fond bombé. [...] la mandoline milanaise se caractérise par six chœurs de cordes doubles qui sont pincés avec les doigts.  3, fiche 1, Français, - mandoline%20milanaise

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The mandolin family of instruments consists of plucked chordophones, each having eight strings in four double courses.... The baritone member of the family is the mandocello, or mandoloncello...  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - mandocello

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - mandolinist

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A Russian musical instrument with a triangular body and three strings that produces sounds similar to those of a mandolin.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - balalaika

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Instrument de musique russe à trois cordes pincées [...] dont la caisse est triangulaire.  2, fiche 4, Français, - balala%C3%AFka

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Instrumento musical ruso de cuerda de la familia del laúd. Tiene un cuerpo triangular, casi plano, con una pequeña boca de resonancia cerca del vértice superior de la tapa, un mástil largo y estrecho y tres cuerdas de metal o tripa que suelen pulsarse con los dedos (algunas veces se utiliza un plectro de piel para las cuerdas metálicas).  2, fiche 4, Espagnol, - balalaica

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The electric mandolin is an instrument tuned and played as the mandolin and amplified in similar fashion to an electric guitar.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - electric%20mandolin

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A musical instrument of the lute family typically having a rounded back and from eight to twelve metal strings set in pairs, usually played with a plectrum.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - mandolin

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Instrument de la famille du luth, à cordes pincées et à manche court, dont la caisse de résonance possède un fond bombé, et dont on joue généralement avec une plume ou un plectre d'écaille ou d'ivoire.  2, fiche 6, Français, - mandoline

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Related to the lute, the mandolin is a small stringed instrument constructed of wood. Its eight wire strings are tuned in pairs to the same notes as those of a violin. The distinctive tremolo sound of the mandolin is created by quick movements of the plectrum(pick) across the four courses, or pairs, of strings. Although the 18th-century instrument was built in several varieties in different Italian towns, the mandolins built in Naples eventually became the representative type now known as the Neapolitan mandolin. The ribbed, pear-shaped body of the Neapolitan mandolin is attached to a neck containing a fingerboard, usually with 17 frets. The strings are hitched to the bottom of the instrument's body, then pass over a bridge and are tuned at the top of the neck.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - Neapolitan%20mandolin

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The mandolin appears to have descended from the medieval gittern in Italy, where it took two forms. One was the Milanese or Lombardian mandolin... with six double courses of strings tuned in thirds and fourths. The other was the Neapolitan mandolin... with four double courses tuned in fifths as in the modern mandolin.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - Neapolitan%20mandolin

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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La mandoline napolitaine apparaît vers la fin du XVIIIe [dix-huitième] siècle. [...] Elle comporte quatre chœurs de cordes métalliques. Elles sont grattées au moyen d'un plectre.  3, fiche 7, Français, - mandoline%20napolitaine

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Member of Vancouver Cultural Alliance. Organization which is established in Burnaby, British Columbia.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - Vancouver%20Mandolin%20Society

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Organisme établi à Burnaby (Colombie-Britannique).  1, fiche 10, Français, - Vancouver%20Mandolin%20Society

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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a 16th and 17th century lute with a pear-shaped body that is the ancestor of the smaller mandolin of the present day.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - mandola

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Instrument de musique de la famille du luth, à quatre cordes doubles, appelé aussi mandore ou mandille. (Les cordes sont grattées à l'aide d'un médiator; elles sont accordées en quintes. Cet instrument n'est plus employé de nos jours.)  1, fiche 11, Français, - mandole

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol