TERMIUM Plus^®

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Climate perturbations can have strong impacts on ocean ecosystems that in turn affect social and economic components of human communities. These effects may be exacerbated when changes in ocean conditions are more extreme, such as during marine heatwaves(prolonged events of anomalously warm ocean waters).  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - climate%20perturbation

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Rares sont les scientifiques qui parlent de dérèglement climatique, le terme étant davantage utilisé par les médias et le grand public. Il ne s'agit pas d'un dérèglement, mais plutôt de «dérèglements» au pluriel. Ce terme renvoie aux conséquences du réchauffement global sur les phénomènes météorologiques et climatiques : les sécheresses ou épisodes de précipitations extrêmes qui se multiplient, ou encore le décalage des saisons avec l'allongement de la durée de la période estivale en Europe, par exemple. Ces dérèglements étant provoqués par la hausse globale des températures. Pour résumer [...], on peut donc dire que le réchauffement climatique (ou planétaire) d'origine anthropique entraîne des changements climatiques, occasionnant ensuite de nombreux dérèglements!  1, fiche 1, Français, - d%C3%A9r%C3%A8glement%20climatique

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Basically[, ] marine fog represented by the [climate] model is warm air advection fog, and it was found that the change in the horizontal temperature advection near the surface mostly determines the changes in marine fog in a warmer climate. Therefore, the changes in marine fog can be almost explained by the large-scale circulation changes. On the other hand, in-cloud LWC(liquid water content) of the fog is consistently increased in a warmer climate for the same horizontal surface temperature advection.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - warm%2Dair%20advection%20fog

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"Canada's Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate" assesses climate change sensitivity, risks and adaptation along Canada's marine coasts. The report includes overviews of regional climate change impacts, risks and opportunities along Canada's three marine coasts, case studies demonstrating action, and discussion of adaptation approaches.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - Canada%27s%20Marine%20Coasts%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate

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Led by Natural Resources Canada, the development of this report involved over 60 authors and 70 expert reviewers, and synthesized over 1300 recent publications.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - Canada%27s%20Marine%20Coasts%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate

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«Le littoral maritime du Canada face à l'évolution du climat» évalue la sensibilité aux changements climatiques, les risques et l'adaptation le long des côtes maritimes du Canada. Ce rapport comprend un aperçu des changements climatiques régionaux, des risques et opportunités le long des trois côtes maritimes du Canada, des études de cas d'actions concrètes et une discussion des approches d'adaptation.  1, fiche 3, Français, - Le%20littoral%20maritime%20du%20Canada%20face%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9volution%20du%20climat

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La préparation du rapport a été dirigée par Ressources naturelles Canada et a nécessité la participation de plus de 60 auteurs et de 70 examinateurs experts. Le rapport constitue une synthèse de plus de 1 300 publications récentes.  1, fiche 3, Français, - Le%20littoral%20maritime%20du%20Canada%20face%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9volution%20du%20climat

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Observations from ships are an essential component of the Global Climate Observing System(GCOS) and complement observations from other marine networks(e. g., Argo, drifting buoys, and moorings). The key challenge is that the surface marine climate record is mainly constructed from observations originally collected for other reasons, typically from weather logs that are part of normal ship activities or to support numerical weather prediction.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - meteorological%20log

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The team of engineers, chemists and technologists within the Emissions Research and Measurements section of Environment [and Climate Change] Canada undertakes activities including : vehicle and engine emissions testing for the federal government's regulatory compliance audit program; quantifying the emission contribution of a range of mobile sources including road, marine, rail, and air transportation; scientific evaluations of alternative and renewable fuels; emissions research on light-and heavy-duty electric and hybrid vehicles; and working with government and industry in the evaluation of after-market exhaust emissions control technologies, fuels, and strategies to reduce the environmental impact of transportation.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Emissions%20Research%20and%20Measurements

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L'équipe d'ingénieurs, de chimistes et de technologues de la section Recherche et mesure des émissions d'Environnement [et Changement climatique] Canada accomplit notamment les activités suivantes : essais en lien avec les émissions de véhicules et de moteurs pour le programme de vérification de la conformité réglementaire du gouvernement fédéral, quantification de la contribution des émissions attribuables à une série de sources mobiles, y compris les transports sur route, sur l'eau, sur rails et aériens; évaluations scientifiques de carburants de remplacement ou renouvelables, recherches sur les émissions des véhicules électriques et hybrides légers et utilitaires lourds; et travaux avec le gouvernement et l'industrie pour évaluer les technologies de contrôle des émissions de gaz d'échappement après fabrication, carburants et stratégies visant à réduire les impacts environnementaux des transports.  1, fiche 5, Français, - Recherche%20et%20mesure%20des%20%C3%A9missions

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An... international conservation project that is developing a global network of underwater acoustic receivers to track thousands of marine animals over increasingly larger expanses of ocean, while also collecting climate change data.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - Ocean%20Tracking%20Network

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Projet de conservation international [...] qui met en place un réseau mondial de récepteurs acoustiques sous‑marins pour localiser des milliers d’animaux marins sur des étendues océaniques de plus en plus grandes, tout en recueillant des données sur le changement climatique.  2, fiche 6, Français, - Ocean%20Tracking%20Network

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Any material that provides an indirect climate measure and includes documentary evidence of harvest dates, glacier movements, tree remains, marine microfaune, and isotope measurements including oxygen 18 in ice sheets, carbon 13 in tree rings, and CaCO₃ in sediments and speleothems.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

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Paleoclimate studies using AMS [Accelerator Mass Spectrometry] radiocarbon ... During the past several years, AMS measurements have increasingly supplanted the traditional counting method of dating since they offer greatly increased sensitivity (sub-milligram samples can be dated) and, in many instances, greater accuracy; they are also very much faster. However, the typical "bulk carbon" sample preparation techniques used for both AMS and ... counting leave unanswered the question of just what is being dated, a grave disadvantage in palynological and other paleoclimate studies. In contrast, the extraction procedures that have been developed here typically produce purified pollen samples which can be clearly identified under the microscope; thus, an unambiguous proxy climate indicator -pollen- is dated, and nothing else.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

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There are 3 main problems in using proxy data: dating, lag and response time, and meteorological interpretation.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

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Le déterminant «substitutif» et le terme «substitution» sont surtout utilisés en statistique.  1, fiche 7, Français, - indicateur%20indirect%20du%20climat

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The goal of the GLOBEC Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change(SPACC) programme is to understand and ultimately predict climate-induced changes in the fish production of marine ecosystems. In addition to having broad economic importance, this goal is especially pertinent today because of the accumulation of greenhouse gases that will force changes in ocean climate over the next hundred years.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Small%20Pelagic%20Fish%20and%20Climate%20Change

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Estudios paleooceanográficos en el marco del programa GLOBAL sobre Dinámica de los Ecosistemas Oceánicos (GLOBEC) y, en particular, dentro de su subprograma sobre Peces Pelágicos Pequeños y Cambio Climático (SPACC), están diseñados para apoyar el objetivo general de comprender y predecir el modo en que la variabilidad climática afecta los ecosistemas donde son importantes los peces pelágicos pequeños (por ejemplo, sistemas de surgencias de las corrientes del borde oriental).  1, fiche 8, Espagnol, - Peces%20Pel%C3%A1gicos%20Peque%C3%B1os%20y%20Cambio%20Clim%C3%A1tico

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... held in Vienna, Austria in November 1991 by the International Council of Scientific Unions(ICSU). The objective of the Conference was to "bring together the understanding and judgment of the world scientific community on the issues of highest priority for the future of the environment and development, "and the Conference outcome "was to provide both a consolidated contribution to the Rio Conference and a perspective for the future of international science in these and related areas. "This agenda discusses problems of the environment and development(such as population and natural resource use; agriculture, land use and degradation; industry and waste; energy; health) as well as scientific understanding of the earth system(for instance, global cycles; atmosphere and climate; marine and coastal systems; terrestrial systems; freshwater resources; biodiversity).  7, fiche 9, Anglais, - International%20Conference%20on%20an%20Agenda%20of%20Science%20for%20Environment%20and%20Development%20into%20the%2021st%20Century

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Informally called "ASCEND 21 Conference".  8, fiche 9, Anglais, - International%20Conference%20on%20an%20Agenda%20of%20Science%20for%20Environment%20and%20Development%20into%20the%2021st%20Century

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The Geological Survey of Canada(GSC) is participating in a major multi-year, research program with twelve island states in the Caribbean to assess the impact and adaptation of global climate change on island coastlines. The first phase of the program-to assess needs and priorities-is underway with funding from the United Nations Global Environment Fund. Phase two involves both a marine coastal mapping program and public outreach.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - Caribbean%20Planning%20for%20Adaptation%20to%20Global%20Climate%20Change

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La Commission géologique du Canada (CGC) participe à un programme de recherche pluriannuel important auquel participent douze États des Caraïbes visant à évaluer l'incidence et l'adaptation sur les côtes des îles au changement climatique mondial. La première phase du programme - évaluation des besoins et des priorités - est en cours à l'aide du financement du Fonds pour l'environnement des Nations Unies. La deuxième phase comporte un programme de cartographie du littoral maritime et un programme d'information du public.  1, fiche 10, Français, - Planification%20des%20Cara%C3%AFbes%20pour%20l%27adaptation%20au%20changement%20climatique%20mondial

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Published since 1993, this annual electronic-only journal presents authoritative reviews on a wide range of environmental science and associated environmental studies topics, with emphasis on the effects on and response of both natural and manmade ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. The authorship and scope are international, with critical reviews submitted and invited on such topics as climate change, harvesting impacts, acid rain, pesticide use, lake acidification, air and marine pollution, ecology of oil spills, biological control, food chain biomagnification, rehabilitation of polluted aquatic systems, erosion, agroforestry, and bio-indicators of environmental stress.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Environmental%20Reviews

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Publiée depuis 1993, cette revue uniquement éléctronique annuelle de portée internationale contient des synthèses rigoureuses sur une vaste gamme de sujets liés à la science de l'environnement et aux études d'impact connexes. Une attention particulière est accordée aux effets du stress anthropique sur les écosystèmes naturels et artificiels, ainsi qu'aux réactions de ces écosystèmes. Les auteurs du monde entier sont invités à soumettre des synthèses critiques sur des sujets tels que le changement climatique, les effets des récoltes, les pluies acides, l'utilisation de pesticides, l'acidification des lacs, la pollution de l'air et des eaux, l'écologie des déversements de pétrole, la lutte biologique, la bioamplification de la chaîne alimentaire, la réhabilitation des systèmes aquatiques pollués, l'érosion, l'agrosylviculture et les bio-indicateurs du stress environnemental.  1, fiche 11, Français, - Dossiers%20environnement

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The Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Organization(GLOBEC International) and the international North Pacific Marine Science Organization(PICES) approved an initial science plan for a multi-national research effort on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity(CCCC) of the Sub-Arctic Pacific and coastal waters of the North Pacific and its adjacent seas.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - Climate%20Change%20and%20Carrying%20Capacity

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WIOMAP is the Western Indian Ocean Marine Applications Project. It addresses improved and expanded marine meteorogical and oceanographic services for living and non-living resource management, industrial development, marine pollution, disaster mitigation, climate monitoring, environmental protection, and sea transport. WIOMAP is a GOOS regional program.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - Western%20Indian%20Ocean%20Marine%20Applications%20Project

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Climate of regions adjacent to the sea characterized by small diurnal or annual, or both, amplitudes of temperature, and by high relative humidities.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - maritime%20climate

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Maritime climate [is] a climate strongly influenced by an oceanic environment, found on islands and the windward shores of continents. It is characterized by small daily and yearly temperature ranges and high relative humidity.  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - maritime%20climate

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Climat des régions contiguës à la mer. Il est caractérisé par de faibles amplitudes diurnes ou annuelles, ou les deux, de la température et par une humidité relative élevée.  5, fiche 14, Français, - climat%20maritime

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Clima de las regiones próximas al mar, caracterizado por la pequeña amplitud de la oscilación de la temperatura diurna o anual, o ambas, y por su humedad relativa alta.  2, fiche 14, Espagnol, - clima%20mar%C3%ADtimo

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The Environmental Modeling Center(EMC), improves numerical weather, marine and climate predictions at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP), through a broad program of research in data assimilation and modelling.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - Environmental%20Modeling%20Center

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The MCSS was established in 1964. Its primary objective is the international delayed mode exchange, quality control and archival of marine climatological data, in support of global climate studies and the provision of a range on marine climatological services. The scheme also provides for the preparation and publication of a variety of marine climatological summaries. Eight countries were designated to process the data and regularly publish the climatological summaries.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - Marine%20Climatological%20Summaries%20Scheme

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... a service for the collection and dissemination of information on the existence and availability of climate data throughout the world [which] includes information about available data sets held at data centres, published data sets, and climatological and radiation station networks throughout the world [and which is] maintained as a computerized data base.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - World%20Climate%20Data%20Information%20Referral%20Service

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The INFOCLIMA Referral Service is implemented by the WMO [World Meteorological Organization] Secretariat under the World Climate Programme(WCP). The information in INFOCLIMA is obtained from data centers in Member countries of the WMO and from international organizations. INFOCLIMA has been developed in coordination with other international organizations such as the International Council of Scientific Unions(ICSU) with regard to its world data centre system, and with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC) for marine and ocean data sets.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - World%20Climate%20Data%20Information%20Referral%20Service

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IOC [International Olympic Committee]/FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] ;jointly sponsored OSLR [Programme on Ocean Science in relation to Living Resources] ;GLOBEC. I is an OSLR project, co-sponsored by ICSU's [International Council of Scientific Unions] Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research; seeks to understand the physical and biological processes that control the abundance of key populations of marine animals in space and time in an effort to predict the effects of global climate changes on production.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - Global%20Ocean%20Ecosystems%20Dynamics%20Research%20and%20Monitoring

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[In a restricted marine environment] If the climate is arid, evaporation exceeds inflow, and the water becomes hypersaline.... Under conditions of aridity, the restricted sea has adjacent lands with little or no stream action other than torrential episodes which may occasionally wash in detrital material. The sea may attain high temperatures, with excessive evaporation, and development of salinity greater than that of the open sea. Excessive evaporation produces a lowering of water level, and induces a permanent inflowing current of normal sea water across, or through, the restricting barriers.... If it were not for the continued inflow current, the history of restricted seas in arid climates would be short. The water would completely evaporate, leaving behind a relatively thin coating of saline residue. Maintenance of inflow from the open sea provides a continuous supply of dissolved salts, and a balance is reached between evaporation and inflow for given conditions. Inevitably, the concentration of salts within the restricted area is increased and may reach the saturation point for some.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - restricted%20arid%20environment

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[L']environnement restreint aride [est un des milieux marins de la sédimentation chimique.] Dans cet environnement l'évaporation locale excède l'apport d'eau par les fleuves; exemples: Mer Rouge, Méditerranée, Kara Boughaz (dans la Caspienne). Dans ces conditions la densité des eaux de surface détermine les courants de convection. Si le seuil qui restreint le milieu est suffisamment bas, les eaux denses s'écoulent vers le large tandis que l'eau marine moins dense pénètre en surface dans le bassin: c'est le cas en Méditerranée et en Mer Rouge. Si le seuil est élevé, à faible profondeur sous la surface, il y a peu d'écoulement des eaux denses et salines vers le large, et la salinité s'accroît; c'est le cas dans le golfe de Kara Boughaz (salinité: 165 %). Dans ce milieu la surface Eh=O coïncide avec l'interface de dépôt. Cet environnement est, typiquement, celui du dépôt des «évaporites» ou dépôts salins, «stratifiés» : gypse anhydrite, halite (sel gemme), dolomite «primaire» ou syngénétique (avec éventuellement calcite), polyhalite, sylvite, etc.  1, fiche 19, Français, - environnement%20restreint%20aride

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Red soils, some of the finest in the Atlantic region and climate moderated by marine influences encourage agriculture.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - red%20soils

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La couleur rouge de certains sols est due, en général, au processus de la rubéfaction, qui individualise des quantités importantes d'oxydes ferriques plus ou moins déshydratés.  1, fiche 20, Français, - sols%20rouges

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