TERMIUM Plus^®

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A lesion that may regress spontaneously or stabilize, or again degenerate into cancer.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - precancerous%20lesion

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Cervical epithelial tumors are distinguished according to the tissue of origin, either as adenocarcinomas(tumors originating in the endocervical glandular epithelium) or squamous carcinomas(tumors originating in the ectocervical squamous epithelium). Generally, such tumors develop from precancerous lesions that are also classified according to origin and degree of cell transformation, as squamous or glandular lesions of low and high grade... From a histological point of view, precancerous lesions are characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, increased mitotic count, and a loss of alignment and uniformity of individual cells within the normal architecture of epithelial tissue. They may spontaneously regress, or may persist for a long time without evolving into invasive forms, and are therefore amenable to conservative treatment...  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - precancerous%20lesion

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Lésion pouvant soit régresser spontanément, soit se stabiliser, soit évoluer vers un cancer.  3, fiche 1, Français, - l%C3%A9sion%20pr%C3%A9canc%C3%A9reuse

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L'œsophage de Barrett, aussi appelé le syndrome de Barrett, est une lésion précancéreuse de l'œsophage causée par le reflux gastroœsophagien. Le principal problème posé par ce syndrome est sa capacité à générer des complications potentiellement évolutives, aboutissant à l'adénocarcinome.  4, fiche 1, Français, - l%C3%A9sion%20pr%C3%A9canc%C3%A9reuse

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Permeability of cells, its nature and measurement from the point of view of mathematical biophysics.... In spite of the tremendous importance of cell permeability for several branches of cell biology, and in spite of the circumstance that numerous experiments have in the past decades contributed a very large array of facts to our knowledge in this field, a mathematical biophysicist still feels rather uncomfortable when confronted with the different contributions to the problem. Perhaps the most shocking thing in the whole situation is the following. In spite of a large amount of observation and of more or less quantitative measurements, we hardly can find anywhere in the literature an accepted standard unit for the quantity which is referred to as permeability.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - mathematical%20biophysicist

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Sickle cell hemoglobin(HbS) is a hemoglobin(Hb) variant characterized by point mutation causing replacement of glutamic acid by valine at position 6 of the β globin chain, which results in sickling phenomenon in low oxygen states, acidosis, and dehydration.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - sickle%20cell%20hemoglobin

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La production d'une hémoglobine mutée appelée hémoglobine S (HbS) est à l'origine de nombreuses complications. Cette HbS a la particularité de polymériser en conditions désoxygénées engendrant la falciformation des globules rouges.  3, fiche 3, Français, - h%C3%A9moglobine%20dr%C3%A9panocytaire

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hémoglobine S : Dans cette désignation, l'abréviation «S» provient du mot anglais «sickle» qui signifie «faucille».  4, fiche 3, Français, - h%C3%A9moglobine%20dr%C3%A9panocytaire

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cell placement : cells and subpictures are placed by selecting the cell using key-in or menu selection and by specifying placement point locations.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - cell%20placement%20program

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The programmer is told which cells are available and how to specify and place them on the display screen.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - cell%20placement%20program

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Surtout lorsque les quantités de LSI à produire sont faibles (quelques milliers ou quelques dizaines de milliers), on peut faire appel à des programmes d'aide au placement des cellules et au tracé de leurs interconnexions. On peut gagner ainsi plusieurs semaines de travail de conception graphique (...)  1, fiche 4, Français, - programme%20d%27aide%20au%20placement%20des%20cellules

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Any two chromosomes that undergo pairing during the prophase of meiosis. They are very similar in length and shape, have centromeres at the same point, and contain the same gene loci. They occur in all diploid organisms and their presence infers that two copies of each gene occur in each cell, although these copies may differ in being allelic forms of the same sequence.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - homologous%20chromosome

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Qualifie chacun des deux chromosomes d'une même paire dans une cellule diploïde.  2, fiche 5, Français, - chromosome%20homologue

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Quand il s'agit de gènes, on parle de préférence de gènes allèles car la notion d'allélisme est plus complexe, en particulier dans les cas de polyallélie.  2, fiche 5, Français, - chromosome%20homologue

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A data layer consisting of a gridded array of cells.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - raster%20map

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It has a certain number of rows and columns, with a data point(or null value indicator) in each cell. These may exist as a 2D grid or as a 3D cube made up of many smaller cubes, i. e. a stack of 2D grids.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - raster%20map

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A storage battery whose positive active material is nickel oxide and the negative contains cadmium.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - nickel%2Dcadmium%20storage%20battery

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In a narrow sense, a "battery" is a unit containing several cells, however modern usage has broadened the sense of the word "battery" to the point where it is often used as a synonym for "cell. "  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - nickel%2Dcadmium%20storage%20battery

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Accumulateur dont les électrodes sont constituées de plaques obtenues par frittage, à partir de poudre de nickel de grande pureté et de poids spécifique faible, imprégnées de nickel et de cadmium.  2, fiche 7, Français, - accumulateur%20au%20nickel%2Dcadmium

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Bien que l'usage français soit de respecter l'ordre alphabétique (c'est-à-dire cadmium-nickel), au Canada on lit et on entend toujours l'équivalent direct de l'anglais (nickel-cadmium).  4, fiche 7, Français, - accumulateur%20au%20nickel%2Dcadmium

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Un paso decisivo para la divulgación de la batería de níquel-cadmio fue el desarrollo de su construcción estanca. Con ella se obtenía una batería completamente estanca que no requería mantenimiento y de la que no podía salir gas ni vapores de electrolito. Los ámbitos de mayor aplicación de estas baterías son los pequeños aparatos portátiles, ya que pueden utilizarse en cualquier lugar.  4, fiche 7, Espagnol, - acumulador%20de%20n%C3%ADquel%2Dcadmio

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En general, las baterías de NiCd tienen una resistencia interna muy inferior a la de las pilas no recargables, de tipo alcalino: como referencia, una pila alcalina de tamaño AA tiene una resistencia de 0.15 ohmios (150 mOhms).  3, fiche 7, Espagnol, - acumulador%20de%20n%C3%ADquel%2Dcadmio

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The most common problem for PV [photovoltaic module] is cell shading. If a module is partially shaded, it does not produce electricity due to load impedence. However, the cells not shaded continue to produce voltage, creating a voltage with reverse polarity in neighbouring shaded cells. When the cell' s throughput voltage of 15 volts has been attained, it becomes conductive and acts as resistance. Electricity then flows, heating the cell, possible to the point of destruction.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - cell%20shading

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L'énergie réellement captée par un module dépendra elle, de la surface et de la puissance nominale du panneau mais aussi de son ensoleillement, variable selon la latitude, la saison, l'heure de la journée, la météo, le masquage subit [...] En Europe, chaque W permet la production d'environ 1kWh d'énergie sur l'année, le double dans des zones bien ensoleillées et avec un héliostat.  3, fiche 8, Français, - occultation%20d%27une%20cellule

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An apparatus consisting of a slowly revolving disk, usually regulated by clockwork, by means of which the action of external agents, as light and gravity, on growing plants may be regulated or eliminated.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - clinostat

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The Clinostat has been used by biologists for over a hundred years to study how organisms might adapt to the microgravity environment and what effects the force of gravity has on plant and animal development and behavior. The clinostat is a simple device which places a plant, a small organism, or cell growing in culture on a rotating platform. The rotation causes the biosystem under test to be subjected to the gravity vector from "all" directions. From the system's point of view, the rotation cancels the gravity vector by continuous averaging thus approximating the highly reduced vector found in the actual space environment.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - clinostat

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Petite centrifugeuse de laboratoire utilisée pour soumettre des organismes vivants à des conditions de pesanteur particulières.  2, fiche 9, Français, - clinostat

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Clinostat horizontal rapide.  3, fiche 9, Français, - clinostat

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In wave mode, the ASAR [advanced synthetic aperture radar] instrument, measures changes in backscatter from the sea surface due to ocean wave action. Therefore it generates vignettes ... The position of the wave vignette across track being selected as either constant or alternating between two across-track positions over the full swath range.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - wave%20vignette

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Due to the reduced size of the imagettes compared to normal ASAR [advanced synthetic aperture radar] images, each Wave Mode Geolocation Annotation Data Set Record(ADSR) contains only the geodetic latitude and longitude of the centre point of the imagette. One ADSR is produced for each wave cell.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - wave%20vignette

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Typical experiments for the Fluid Science Modules are experiments dealing with Marangoni convection or critical point phenomena. For example... Thermocapillary drop motion :... The following process was automated : creation of a linear thermal gradient by heating one wall of the cell and cooling the opposite one; injection of a series of drops in the cell. The drops were from 1 mm to 4 mm in diameter. The motion of the drops was filmed by a video-camera and observed and recorded in real time on the ground.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - thermocapillary%20drop%20motion

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Cellular topology provides a way to maintain an adequate number of call channels even though the actual number of channels available to the entire service area is small.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - cellular%20topology

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Wireless LANs(W-LAN) are typically organized in a cellular topology where an access point with a W-LAN transceiver controls a single cell.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - cellular%20topology

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Record created as part of a collaborative pilot project between the Université du Québec à Hull and the Terminology and Standardization Directorate of the Translation Bureau.  4, fiche 12, Anglais, - cellular%20topology

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Fiche réalisée dans le cadre d'un projet pilote de collaboration entre l'Université du Québec à Hull et la Direction de la terminologie et de la normalisation du Bureau de la traduction.  2, fiche 12, Français, - topologie%20cellulaire

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The point in drying wood at which all free moisture has been removed from the cell itself while the cell wall remains saturated with absorbed moisture.  5, fiche 13, Anglais, - fiber%20saturation%20point

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It usually is taken as 25% to 30% moisture content, based on oven dry weight.  6, fiche 13, Anglais, - fiber%20saturation%20point

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fibre-saturation point: term reproduced with the permission of the copyright holder, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. However, CSA International shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This CSA International material may not have been updated to reflect amendments subsequently made to the original content. For further information, contact CSA International.  7, fiche 13, Anglais, - fiber%20saturation%20point

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Degré d'humidité du bois lorsque toute l'eau libre en est extraite et que les parois des cellules sont encore saturées.  3, fiche 13, Français, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

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Au-delà de ce point, toute perte additionnelle d'eau se traduit par une variation dimensionnelle du bois.  4, fiche 13, Français, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

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point de saturation des fibres : terme retenu par le Comité technique de la terminologie française du bois de l'Association canadienne de normalisation.  5, fiche 13, Français, - point%20de%20saturation%20des%20fibres

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If option 1 or 2 is selected, there is no need to worry about emergent land the user may have included around the disposal point, since the program will not assign a current to a grid cell containing an island.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - emergent%20land

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Si l'usager opte pour les choix 1 ou 2, il ne doit pas s'inquiéter des terres émergées qu'il a pu fixer dans la zone entourant le point de déversement puisque des précautions sont prises par le programme afin de ne pas affecter un courant à une maille contenant une île.  1, fiche 14, Français, - terre%20%C3%A9merg%C3%A9e

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Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. Wheat protein denaturation in dough starts at about 70 degrees C and proceeds to a point where the gas cell walls become fixed and expansion terminates. While internal crumb temperatures do not exceed 100 degrees C crust temperature reaches 195 degrees C. At this high temperature, complex browning reactions of the Maillard-type take place between reducing sugars and free amino acids. These reactions lead to the characteristic crust colour and substantially influence bread flavour.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - gluten%20protein%20denaturation

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Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. Les protéines du blé dans la pâte commencent à se dénaturer à 70 degrés C et cette réaction se poursuit jusqu'au moment où les parois des cellules de gaz deviennent fixes et où l'expansion s'arrête. Tandis que la température interne de la mie ne dépasse pas 100 degrés C, celle de la croûte s'élève jusqu'à 195 degrés C. A cette température élevée a lieu le brunissement par réaction de Maillard où se trouvent impliqués les sucs réducteurs et les amino-acides libres. Cette réaction confère à la croûte sa coloration caractéristique et contribue en grande partie à la saveur du pain.  1, fiche 15, Français, - d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten

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The X-ray diffraction results, in fact, point to a new form of structural disorder called phason disorder, which is unique to quasicrystals. If one compares a Penrose tiling or a quasiperiodic sequence with a conventional crystal, one sees that the quasiperiodic structures have the ability to generate a new form of disorder during growth : a defect can arise when the wrong kind of unit cell, or line segment, falls in a particular place. A few isolated mistakes will not affect the diffraction properties of an entire sample, but if many such mistakes plague a sample, they will disturb the diffraction patterns.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - phason%20disorder

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En fait, les résultats de la diffraction des rayons X signalent une nouvelle forme de désordre structural nommé désordre de phase, caractéristique des quasi-cristaux. Quand on compare un pavage de Penrose ou une suite quasi périodique à un cristal classique, on observe que les structures quasi périodiques ont la capacité d'engendrer un nouveau type de désordre pendant leur croissance. Un défaut peut naître lorsqu'une cellule unité (ou un segment) de type inadéquat vient se placer dans un endroit particulier. Quelques erreurs isolées n'affecteront pas les propriétés diffractives de l'échantillon, mais si des erreurs de cette sorte se multiplient, elles perturberont les figures de diffraction.  1, fiche 16, Français, - d%C3%A9sordre%20de%20phase

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Method for the large-scale purification of enzymes. The method involves placing a protein solution into a cell containing a number of semipermeable membranes. The pH of the solution is adjusted to the isoelectric point of the protein to be purified. A current is passed through the solution by two sloping electrodes. Because the required protein is at its isoelectric point it remains stationary in the electric field; all other proteins, being charged, will move either towards the cathode or the anode. This movement will cease when the migrating proteins meet the semipermeable membranes. The accumulation of protein at the membrane surface will cause an increase in density, thus it will move to the bottom of the cell.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - multimembrane%20electrodecantation

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Technique d'électrophorèse utilisée pour la séparation des protéines.  1, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A9lectrod%C3%A9cantation

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... pN acts as an antitermination factor at transcription terminators. Evidence now exists for the presence of antitermination sequences within the E. coli chromosome; for example, just past the promoter for rrnG which encodes a rRNA. Nothing is known about how antitermination works in E. coli at this point. However, this suggests that even in the absence of bacteriophage lambda, antitermination is believed to control the level of the transcripts for genes critical to cell growth. This suggests a way that lambda can commandeer the cell by using its pN to increase the levels of primase and sigma 70 for its own replication and gene expression.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - antitermination%20factor

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Signal moléculaire spécifique qui permet à l'ARN polymérase de poursuivre la transcription au-delà des sites normaux de terminaison.  2, fiche 18, Français, - facteur%20d%27antiterminaison

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A large proportion of the spines of pyramidal cells-the major class of neuron that projects out of the cortex-receive asymmetric contacts from the axons of another cell whose point of origin has not yet been identified but which is thought to carry signals from other cortical areas. Those asymmetric contacts probably have an opposite, excitatory effect.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - asymmetric%20contact

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Une forte proportion des épines dendritiques des cellules pyramidales - le type principal de cellules se projetant hors du cortex - établit des contacts asymétriques avec les axones d'autres cellules dont l'origine est inconnue mais qui semblent apporter des informations issues d'autres aires corticales. Ces contacts asymétriques ont probablement un effet excitateur.  1, fiche 19, Français, - contact%20asym%C3%A9trique

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To interpret [the] value we recall that investigations of the diffusion-limited CCA model with relatively high densities showed that structures with a fractal dimension about 1. 7 are formed in the system close to its gelation point, i. e., when a cluster spanning the whole cell is formed.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - gelation%20point

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from the social point of view, the family considered the first cell or main cell of society.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - primary%20household

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