TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Limited weather information systems provide access to temperature, dew point, wind, and altimeter information 24 hours a day, seven days a week. However, these systems do not provide a full aviation weather report(which includes other factors, such as precipitation and visibility).  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - limited%20weather%20information%20system

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes d'information météorologique limitée donnent accès à de l'information sur la température, le point de rosée, le vent et le calage altimétrique 24 heures sur 24, sept jours par semaine. Ces systèmes ne fournissent toutefois pas de rapport météorologique complet pour l'aviation (qui comprend d'autres éléments, comme les précipitations et la visibilité).  2, fiche 1, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27information%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20limit%C3%A9e

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Infiltration flooding. After a few days of steady rain, when spring snow-melt occurs or during an extreme rainfall event, the soil around [the] home can become saturated with water. Steady snow-melt and precipitation can also raise the ground water level to a point where it is higher than [the] basement floor. This groundwater can infiltrate into basements through cracks in basement walls(or foundation walls) and cracks in basement floors. Infiltration flooding can be a significant problem in older homes where mortar has weakened over the years and cracks have developed in stone or cinder block foundations.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - infiltration%20flooding

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'eau souterraine peut s'infiltrer dans les sous-sols à travers une fissure de fondation. Une inondation par infiltration peut donc être un problème majeur dans de vieilles maisons.  2, fiche 2, Français, - inondation%20par%20infiltration

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, fiche 3, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, fiche 3, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The primary technique used for checking the inconsistency of precipitation data has been a double mass analysis. In this technique the accumulation at a given station is plotted against the average accumulation for a group of stations. When the number of stations in the group is reasonably large, the accumulation of the group average should be quite stable. Thus, if there is a change in the relationship between a single station and the group at some point in time, it is likely that there has been a change in the precipitation measured at that station. This deviation can be removed by multiplying a portion of the record at that station by a factor that will produce a generally straight line relationship.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - double%2Dmass%20analysis

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Analyse des valeurs successives accumulées d'une variable présentées sur graphique en regard des valeurs accumulées dans le même temps d'une autre variable.  1, fiche 4, Français, - analyse%20par%20double%20cumul

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prediction of the stage, discharge, beginning and duration of a flood, especially of the peak discharge at a specific point on a stream resulting from precipitation and/or snow melt.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - flood%20forecast

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Accurate long-range flood forecasts ... must wait until scientists perfect long-range weather forecasting....  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - flood%20forecast

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prévision du niveau, du début, de la durée d'une crue et, plus spécialement, du débit de pointe en un point donné d'un cours d'eau, résultant des précipitations et/ou de la fonte de la neige.  1, fiche 6, Français, - pr%C3%A9vision%20de%20crue

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Predicción del nivel, caudal, momento de aparición y duración de una crecida, en especial de su caudal de punta, en un punto dado de un curso de agua producido por precipitación y/o fusión de nieve.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - predicci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20crecida

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Edge cracking is a typical problem observed in hot strips. This problem is related with the content of tramp elements and the MnS formation. Since little time is available for MnS precipitation between casting and hot rolling, the formation of low melting point eutectic phases occurs and promotes the cracking tendency.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - edge%20cracking

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les criques de rive peuvent être évitées en agissant sur le rapport Mn/S, la température de préchauffage et la maîtrise de la température de maintien entre coulée et dégrossissage.  1, fiche 7, Français, - crique%20de%20rive

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The rate at which an atmospheric pollutant is transformed into a secondary pollutant.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - transformation%20rate

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rate of atmospheric oxidation of sulphur dioxide varies from less than 1% per hour to around 12% per hour, depending upon atmospheric conditions. As a consequence of this slow conversion rate, the SO2 emitted can influence the acidity of precipitation at other locations far removed from the point of emission.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - transformation%20rate

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Taux indiquant quelle fraction d'un polluant atmosphérique est transformée en polluant secondaire pendant une période donnée.  3, fiche 8, Français, - taux%20de%20conversion

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le taux de conversion du bioxyde de soufre (SO2) en sulfate (SO4) a été étudié par plusieurs recherches et leurs résultats suggèrent un taux initial, alors qu'il est le plus élevé d'environ 1% par heure.  4, fiche 8, Français, - taux%20de%20conversion

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un air très pollué comme celui de la vallée de l'Ohio, explique Gaston Paulin, favorise, près de la source, un taux de transformation rapide de SO2 en SO4, de l'ordre de cinq à dix pour cent par heure, tandis qu'un air moins pollué, comme celui du Québec ou de l'Ontario, aura un taux de conversion de l'ordre de 0,5 pour cent par heure.  5, fiche 8, Français, - taux%20de%20conversion

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour de plus amples renseignements sur cette notion, consulter le cahier de néologie sur les pluies acides (OLFNE 1985 no 40-41).  6, fiche 8, Français, - taux%20de%20conversion

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Precipitation at a particular site.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - point%20precipitation

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] précipitation estimée qui aurait été mesurée à un point donné.  2, fiche 9, Français, - pr%C3%A9cipitation%20ponctuelle

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Precipitación registrada en un lugar determinado.  1, fiche 9, Espagnol, - precipitaci%C3%B3n%20puntual

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period of time during which continuous precipitation is observed, or occurs, at a specific point or within a specific area.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - precipitation%20duration

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intervalle de temps au cours duquel une précipitation continue est observée ou se produit en un point donné ou à l'intérieur d'une zone donnée.  1, fiche 10, Français, - dur%C3%A9e%20de%20pr%C3%A9cipitation

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Período durante el cual se observan u ocurren, en un punto o zona dados, precipitaciones continuas.  1, fiche 10, Espagnol, - duraci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20precipitaci%C3%B3n

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any test in which the end point is precipitation such as an insoluble complex following interaction of soluble antigen and soluble antibody.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - precipitin%20test

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with precipitin reaction.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - precipitin%20test

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The joint research project, "Acid precipitation-effects on forest and fish"(the SNSF-project) of the Agricultural Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was started in 1972. The objectives of the project are(1) to establish as precisely as possible the effects of acid precipitation on forests and fresh water fish and(2) to investigate the effects of air pollutants on soil, vegetation, and water, required to satisfy point 1.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - SNSF%2Dproject

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SNSF stands for "Surneb bors virkning pa skog of fish", Norwegian for "Acid Precipitation Effects on Fish and Forest".  4, fiche 12, Anglais, - SNSF%2Dproject

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la même période un vaste programme de recherche norvégien (S.N.S.F.), réalisé entre 1972 et 1980, confirme qu'il existe une étroite relation entre la disparition des poissons dans les lacs et rivières de certaines régions et l'accroissement du taux d'acidité provoqué dans leurs eaux par les retombées acide.  1, fiche 12, Français, - programme%20de%20recherche%20S%2EN%2ES%2EF%2E

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In plants grown from seed collected from an area considered to be relatively free from atmospheric pollutants, bud formation was decreased by 62% compared with only 18% in plants arising from seed harvested from a polluted area. The results raise the interesting speculative point that in certain circumstances adaptation to polluted atmospheres might be linked to acid precipitation tolerance.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - acid%20precipitation%20tolerance

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aspects of Acid Precipitation in Relation to Vegetation in the United Kingdom.... In the past few decades there have been many reports from North America and Europe of effects associated with both ’area’ and ’point’ sources of pollution.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - area%20source%20of%20pollution

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The simplest of the precipitating tests for antigen-antibody reaction; the solution containing antigen is layered on a solution containing antibody ;a white disk or precipitate forms at the point where the two solutions diffuse until optimum concentration or precipitation is reached.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - ring%20test

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"L'épreuve de l'anneau" - ou "ring test" - mise au point par Fleishaur est actuellement très utilisée (...) pour le dépistage de la brucellose (...) La nature et le mécanisme de la réaction sont encore inconnus. Certains phénomènes- par exemple le dépôt de bactéries agglutinées qui se forment parfois au fond du tube et les résultats parfois contradictoires entre diverses réactions immunologiques de détection (...) demeurent inexpliquées (...)  1, fiche 15, Français, - %C3%A9preuve%20de%20l%27anneau

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol