TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Infiltration flooding. After a few days of steady rain, when spring snow-melt occurs or during an extreme rainfall event, the soil around [the] home can become saturated with water. Steady snow-melt and precipitation can also raise the ground water level to a point where it is higher than [the] basement floor. This groundwater can infiltrate into basements through cracks in basement walls(or foundation walls) and cracks in basement floors. Infiltration flooding can be a significant problem in older homes where mortar has weakened over the years and cracks have developed in stone or cinder block foundations.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - infiltration%20flooding

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'eau souterraine peut s'infiltrer dans les sous-sols à travers une fissure de fondation. Une inondation par infiltration peut donc être un problème majeur dans de vieilles maisons.  2, fiche 1, Français, - inondation%20par%20infiltration

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A red line with semi-circles indicates a warm front, while a blue line and triangles shows a cold front. The front moves in the direction that the semi-circles or triangles point. Generally, fronts bring increased cloud and rainfall followed by either warm or cold air masses. Weakening fronts are marked with crosses.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - weakening%20front

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, fiche 3, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, fiche 3, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are bound to be rainstorms whose water the soil cannot fully absorb-a point of major importance in arid and semi-arid areas, for this water can be collected and used to improve productivity locally. The following four water management methods and erosion control structures apply :. runoff harvesting(catching runoff for supplementary irrigation) ;. total absorption or infiltration;. runoff diversion(redirecting excess water) ;. runoff spreading(distribution of runoff energy).... Structures to dissipate runoff energy. When rainfall exceeds the soil' s absorption capacity, the sheet runoff can be controlled by spreading it across the whole slope rather than concentrating it in channels and outlets, where it can cause problems. Its energy can be dispersed by keeping the speed below 25 cm... Such dispersion across the slope is achieved partly by cropping techniques that keep the soil surface rough(clods, many grass stalks, effect of weeds and mulching, etc.) and partly by structures such as permeable microdams, which temporarily slow the flow, allow some sedimentation, spread the flood, reduce peak flows and improve absorption.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - runoff%20spreading

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Irrigation de surface. [...] L'épandage des eaux de ruissellement ou de crue, qui du fait de la brutalité des précipitations, coulent de façon très temporaire dans les régions à faible pluviosité annuelle, est une forme fruste de submersion, utilisée par l'homme depuis longtemps, dans la vallée du Nil ou la Mésopotamie par exemple.  1, fiche 4, Français, - %C3%A9pandage%20des%20eaux%20de%20ruissellement

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small watershed that is part of a larger watershed such as the watershed of a tributary stream.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - subwatershed

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A drainage area within a watershed.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - subwatershed

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority and Environment Canada are currently testing the Habitat Strategy ... to direct and prioritize upland habitat needs within two watersheds. The actual per cent of riparian and forested habitats within a particular subwatershed may be compared to pre-established targets and thresholds.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - subwatershed

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

watershed : The area of land from which rainfall(and/or snow melt) drains into a single point. Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas. Ridges of higher ground generally form the boundaries between watersheds. At these boundaries, rain falling on one side flows toward the low point of one watershed, while rain falling on the other side of the boundary flows toward the low point of a different watershed.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - subwatershed

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Zones de répartition des eaux : Zones comprenant les bassins, sous-bassins, fractions de sous-bassins hydrographiques et systèmes aquifères définis dans le décret du 29 avril 1994.  3, fiche 5, Français, - sous%2Dbassin%20hydrographique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] l'Office de protection de la nature du cours inférieur de la rivière Trent et Environnement Canada mettent actuellement à l'essai la Stratégie sur l'habitat [...] afin d'orienter et de prioriser les besoins en matière d'habitat de haute terre dans deux bassins hydrographiques. Le pourcentage réel d'habitats riverains et forestiers dans un sous-bassin donné peut se comparer à des objectifs et à des seuils préétablis.  4, fiche 5, Français, - sous%2Dbassin%20hydrographique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Bassin hydrographique, bassin d'alimentation, bassin-versant, et, absolt, bassin : espace géographique alimentant un cours d'eau et drainé par lui.  5, fiche 5, Français, - sous%2Dbassin%20hydrographique

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When rainfall and runoff data are available, the base time can be determined by measuring the time from cessation of rain to the inflection point on the hydrograph.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - base%20time

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'on dispose des relevés de la précipitation et de l'écoulement, on peut évaluer le temps de base en mesurant l'intervalle de temps compris entre l'arrêt de la pluie et le point d'inflexion sur l'hydrogramme.  1, fiche 6, Français, - temps%20de%20base

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ratio of a mean areal rainfall for a given duration and given return period to a mean point rainfall for the same duration and same return period in the same area.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - areal%20reduction%20factor

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la pluie moyenne sur une surface, pour une durée et une fréquence données, à une pluie ponctuelle de même durée et de même fréquence sur la même surface.  1, fiche 7, Français, - coefficient%20d%27abattement%20de%20la%20pluie

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación de una precipitación zonal media para una duración y un período de retorno dados, y una precipitación puntual media para la misma duración y el mismo período de retorno sobre la misma superficie.  1, fiche 7, Espagnol, - factor%20areal%20de%20reducci%C3%B3n%20de%20lluvias

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That portion of the total runoff from storm rainfall which reaches the point of measurement within a relatively short period of time subsequent to the occurrence of rain.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - storm%20runoff

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de l'écoulement global d'une averse, qui atteint la section de mesure dans un intervalle de temps relativement court après la chute de cette pluie.  1, fiche 8, Français, - %C3%A9coulement%20d%27averse

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rainfall rate at a single station, in contrast to average rate for a region.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - point%20rainfall

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hauteur d'eau mesurée à une station pluviométrique, distincte de la hauteur moyenne d'eau tombée dans la région avoisinante.  1, fiche 9, Français, - pluie%20ponctuelle

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coefficient obtained for a storm by dividing the maximum rainfall at any point within the storm area by the mean in the drainage area or basin.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - rainfall%20distribution%20coefficient

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coefficient obtenu par la division de la hauteur maximale d'eau tombée en un endroit par la moyenne pour le bassin versant.  1, fiche 10, Français, - coefficient%20de%20r%C3%A9partition%20d%27une%20pluie

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol