TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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There are several advantages of a design-bid-build contract. The traditional structure is a familiar one and most owners, consultants, and contractors understand their roles and obligations. The completion of the design in advance of the bidding process allows for greater certainty for the contractor in fixing the price and for the owner in budgeting and financing the project. Since design and construction are completed sequentially, the owner maintains a detailed control of the design and the design team remains impartial and looks out for the interests of the owner. Design-bid-build also uses competition to improve the efficiency and quality for owners by providing a range of potential options and new contractors.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - design%2Dbid%2Dbuild%20contract

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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En un contrato de diseño, licitación y construcción, los subcontratistas juegan un papel relativamente estrecho en la entrega del proyecto, ya que se les trae después de la fase de diseño y se les paga una tarifa para que proporcionen mano de obra.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - contrato%20de%20dise%C3%B1o%2C%20licitaci%C3%B3n%20y%20construcci%C3%B3n

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Algae and aquatic biomass has the potential to provide a new range of third generation biofuels, including jet fuels. Their high oil and biomass yields, widespread availability, absent(or very reduced) competition with agricultural land, high quality and versatility of the by-products, their efficient use as a mean to capture CO₂ and their suitability for wastewater treatments and other industrial plants make algae and aquatic biomass one of the most promising and attractive renewable sources for a fully sustainable and low-carbon economy portfolio.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - third%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

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There is considerable debate on how to classify biofuels. Biofuels are commonly divided into first-, second- and third-generation biofuels, but the same fuel might be classified differently depending on whether technology maturity, GHG [greenhouse gas] emission balance or the feedstock is used to guide the distinction.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - third%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

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According to The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing, compound adjectives that contain a cardinal or ordinal number and a noun should be hyphenated; therefore "third-generation biofuel" is preferable to "third generation biofuel" in a Canadian context.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - third%2Dgeneration%20biofuel

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Les biocarburants de troisième génération sont principalement produits par des microalgues.  3, fiche 2, Français, - biocarburant%20de%20troisi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Grâce à la photosynthèse, certaines microalgues et cyanobactéries (capable de transformer l'énergie lumineuse en énergie chimique, comme les plantes) peuvent dans des conditions spécifiques produire de l'hydrogène, des hydrocarbures ou des lipides. Les algues peuvent ainsi accumuler jusqu'à 50 % de leur poids sec en lipides de réserve.  4, fiche 2, Français, - biocarburant%20de%20troisi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Il faut noter qu’il n’y a pas encore de consensus sur la définition de la 3e génération. Certains, en plus des microalgues, y incluent l’ensemble des microorganismes et y classent les biocarburants où la biomasse utilisée ne provient pas de surfaces terrestres.  5, fiche 2, Français, - biocarburant%20de%20troisi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Competition causes selection against relatively weaker cells, where a cell' s fitness determines its competition potential. These "loser" cells are eliminated when in co-culture with stronger "winner" cells but are fully viable when grown separately. Indeed, Darwin's theory of the "survival of the fittest" applies at the cellular level. [The lab] seeks to uncover(reverse engineer) and program(forward engineer) the genetic rules of cell fitness in order to answer fundamental biological questions about stem cells and give rise to a novel class of engineered cell therapies for regenerative medicine applications.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - stem%20cell%20fitness%20engineering

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[The Customs Act] was first enacted in 1867 to do the following : ensure the collection of duties; control the movement of people and goods into and out of Canada; and protect Canadian industry from real or potential injury caused by the actual or contemplated import of dumped or subsidized goods and by other forms of unfair competition.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Customs%20Act

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Customs Act: short title.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Customs%20Act

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An Act respecting Customs: long title.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Customs%20Act

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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La Loi sur les douanes [...] a été promulguée pour la première fois en 1867 afin de : percevoir des droits; contrôler le mouvement des personnes et des marchandises entrant au Canada et en sortant; protéger l'industrie canadienne contre les dommages réels ou possibles causés par le dumping ou le subventionnement des marchandises importées ainsi que par d'autres formes de concurrence déloyale.  4, fiche 4, Français, - Loi%20sur%20les%20douanes

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Loi sur les douanes : titre abrégé.  5, fiche 4, Français, - Loi%20sur%20les%20douanes

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Loi concernant les douanes : titre intégral.  5, fiche 4, Français, - Loi%20sur%20les%20douanes

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Priority announcements(PAs) are additional sources of potential funding for highly ranked applications that were not funded through the Project Grant competition. The PAs outline specific research areas relevant to CIHR [Canadian Institutes of Health Research] Institutes and Initiatives, and applications that align with those areas may be selected for funding—without having to re-apply.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - priority%20announcement

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Les annonces de priorité (AP) représentent d’autres sources de financement potentiel pour les auteurs de demandes bien classées qui n'ont pas été financées dans le cadre du concours de subventions Projet. Les AP décrivent des domaines de recherche particuliers d'intérêt pour les instituts et les initiatives des IRSC [Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada]. Ainsi, les demandes qui concordent avec ces domaines peuvent être sélectionnées en vue de recevoir du financement sans que leurs auteurs aient à les soumettre de nouveau.  2, fiche 5, Français, - annonce%20de%20priorit%C3%A9s

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Peer platforms are increasingly popular online tools that are used to facilitate transactions for goods or services. Some platforms are now valued at billions of dollars and are expected to continue growing... Peer platforms have the potential to increase competition and reduce barriers to entry for providers; however, they also present new and unique challenges for regulators, particularly in the areas of consumer protection, [competition] and employment.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - peer%20platform

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Species distribution is strongly influenced by climate.... Additional local stress factors, such as drought, disturbance and competition with existing species, could interact with climatic factors to reduce their migration potential, creating an even greater discrepancy between the shift in climatic niche and actual species distribution...  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - climatic%20niche

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Le climat influe considérablement sur la répartition des essences. [...] D'autres facteurs de stress locaux, comme la sécheresse, les perturbations et la concurrence avec d'autres espèces, pourraient interagir avec les facteurs climatiques et réduire le potentiel de migration, phénomène qui contribuerait à créer un plus grand écart entre l'évolution de la niche climatique et l'aire de répartition actuelle de l'essence [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - niche%20climatique

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Potential competition, a fundamental conception in microeconomics, refers to the possibility of new entrants into a given market. The opposite is a legal monopoly which is a situation where competition is against the law.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - potential%20competition

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Potential competition is occasionally considered in competitive industry analysis. Are there specific conditions that should highlight or negate concern for potential competitors?  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - potential%20competition

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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L'analyse de la concurrence potentielle est étroitement liée dans la littérature aux problèmes de déréglementation et de régulation par les seules forces du marché.  2, fiche 8, Français, - concurrence%20potentielle

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Le marché contestable est un marché sur lequel la concurrence potentielle (la «menace» d'entrée d'une entreprise concurrente) garantit les prix concurrentiels, même si le marché est en réalité dominé par une seule ou par plusieurs entreprises.  3, fiche 8, Français, - concurrence%20potentielle

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Where a supplier imposes obligations on his distributors not to sell competing products and these obligations foreclose third party access to the market, actual or potential competition that would have existed in the absence of the agreement is restricted.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - actual%20competition

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Lorsqu'un fournisseur impose à ses distributeurs l'obligation de ne pas vendre de produits concurrents et que cette obligation empêche des tiers d'accéder au marché, la concurrence réelle ou potentielle qui aurait existé en l'absence de l'accord est restreinte.  2, fiche 9, Français, - concurrence%20r%C3%A9elle

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In Canada, an alternate route for merging parties is to seek an "authorization" from the Commissioner of Competition for the merger. The idea is that private parties make fair disclosure of their plans to the relevant agency in exchange for some reduction in their potential competition law exposure. Under Section 102 of the Act, an Advanced Ruling Certificate(ARC) precludes the Commissioner from challenging a transaction "solely on the basis of information that is the same or substantially the same" as that considered in issuing the ARC. An ARC also exempts the merging parties from the pre-notification rules.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - Advance%20Ruling%20Certificate

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Au Canada, une autre démarche est possible pour les parties qui souhaitent fusionner : celles-ci peuvent demander une « autorisation » au commissaire de la concurrence. Le principe est le suivant : les parties doivent divulguer clairement leurs plans à l'organisme pertinent; elles peuvent alors obtenir une certaine réduction des effets de la Loi sur la concurrence . En vertu de l'article 102 de la Loi, un certificat de décision préalable (CDP) interdit au commissaire de contester une transaction « exclusivement fondée sur les mêmes renseignements ou en substance » que ceux qui sont examinés lors de la délivrance du CDP. Un CDP dispense également les parties à un fusionnement de l'application du règlement concernant la notification préalable.  2, fiche 10, Français, - Certificat%20de%20d%C3%A9cision%20pr%C3%A9alable

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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El 23 de mayo de 1996 la Oficina emitió un Certificado de Resolución Anticipada con respecto a las adquisiciones, proyectadas en ese momento, por parte de Hollinger Inc., de un 21,5% adicional de las acciones de Southam Inc. Hollinger ya poseía intereses accionarios del 19,5% en Southam a la fecha de la solicitud.  3, fiche 10, Espagnol, - Certificado%20de%20Resoluci%C3%B3n%20Anticipada

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Warnings to Consumers are periodically issued by the Competition Bureau Canada to warn the public about questionable business activities. They inform consumers of potential scams to help them make informed choices.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Warnings%20to%20Consumers

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Le Bureau [de la concurrence Canada] publie périodiquement des avis aux consommateurs pour prévenir la population au sujet d'activités commerciales douteuses. Les avis renseignent les consommateurs sur les fraudes potentielles afin qu'ils puissent faire des choix éclairés.  1, fiche 11, Français, - Avertissements%20aux%20consommateurs

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The long run equilibrium for a perfectly competitive market occurs when the marginal firm makes normal profit only in the long term.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - marginal%20enterprise

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Where potential competition from new entrants or expansion by fringe firms within the market would require significant construction or adaptation of facilities,... it is considered subsequent to market definition, in the assessment of whether new entry into the relevant market would ensure that competition would not likely be prevented or lessened substantially.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - marginal%20enterprise

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Entreprise qui se situe à la limite de la rentabilité de l'ensemble des entreprises considérées.  2, fiche 12, Français, - entreprise%20marginale

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Lorsque la concurrence potentielle émanant de nouveaux arrivants sur le marché ou l'expansion d'entreprises marginales au sein du marché exigerait une importante construction, [...] cette concurrence est étudiée après la définition du marché, dans l'évaluation qui consiste à déterminer si une nouvelle implantation sur le marché pertinent aurait vraisemblablement pour effet d'éviter un empêchement ou une diminution sensible de la concurrence.  3, fiche 12, Français, - entreprise%20marginale

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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[Empresa] que está al límite de la rentabilidad.  2, fiche 12, Espagnol, - empresa%20marginal

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Sara Lee's portfolio shift solidifies its mission to build leadership brands in markets around the world and underscores its focus on products and businesses that : Are global, or have the potential to expand globally. Hold leading brand positions(No. 1 et No. 2). Reach consumers through multiple distribution channels. Benefit from innovative product development efforts. Can achieve "breakthrough economics", which is defined as a cost structure that is not easily matched by the competition.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - innovative%20product

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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Le SIAL a accueilli cette année encore des nouveautés qui créent l'événement : Le village de la restauration hors domicile. Il s'agit d'un marché qui est doté d'un espace exclusif au SIAL. Un colloque international sur la sécurité des aliments. Un espace tendances/innovations pour explorer les tendances alimentaires et repérer les produits innovants. Un espace SIAL d'or, qui représente un tour du monde des grands succès commerciaux, et pour la première fois, fut élu le global SIAL d'or, couronné par la presse de 25 pays.  1, fiche 13, Français, - produit%20innovant

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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All the pressures like predation, competition, weather, food availability, which inhibit the potential growth of a population.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - environmental%20resistance

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Résistance d'un milieu à l'accroissement de la population : espace compris entre la courbe correspondant au potentiel biotique de Chapman et la courbe logistique de Verhulst.  3, fiche 14, Français, - hostilit%C3%A9%20du%20milieu

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Though Britain strongly favored the establishment of a single European space agency, British support for ESA hinged on the potential competition between its Geostationary Technology Satellite(GTS) and ESRO's [European Space Research Organisation] proposed Marots maritime communications satellite.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - Geostationary%20technology%20satellite

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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That airspace required by combat forces for the conduct of operations where the potential exists for interference and competition between friendly combat forces.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - airspace%20in%20the%20combat%20zone

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

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Espace aérien nécessaire aux forces de combat pour mener des opérations où il est possible aux forces de combat amies de se nuire et de se faire concurrence.  1, fiche 16, Français, - espace%20a%C3%A9rien%20dans%20la%20zone%20de%20combat

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espace aérien dans la zone de combat : terme et définition uniformisés par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  2, fiche 16, Français, - espace%20a%C3%A9rien%20dans%20la%20zone%20de%20combat

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Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Transport Canada.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - The%20Potential%20for%20Competition%20in%20Rail%20Carriage

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

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Transports Canada. Rapport rédigé pour la Division de la recherche, RR-03.  1, fiche 17, Français, - Les%20possibilit%C3%A9s%20de%20concurrence%20pour%20le%20transport%20des%20voyageurs%20par%20chemin%20de%20fer

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Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Influence of dormancy induction treatments on the photosynthetic response of field planted western hemlock seedlings. Nursery cultural treatments can improve field performance by pre-acclimatizing seedlings to field site conditions. Four dormancy induction treatments(DIT)(i. e. long-day wet, long-day dry, short-day wet, and short-day dry) were examined for their influence on net photosynthesis(Pn) of western hemlock(Tsuga heterophylla(Raf.)(Sarg.) seedlings. Seedlings were planted on a control site with high soil water potential, adequate nitrogen levels and no plant competition.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - dormancy%20induction

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

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L'induction de la dormance et l'endurcissement des plants.  1, fiche 18, Français, - induction%20de%20la%20dormance

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[...] l'incapacité de germer dès la maturation par suite d'une teneur élevée en inhibiteur induit un état de dormance secondaire qui consisterait en un arrêt de la synthèse des gibbérellines [...] L'induction peut être obtenue par une courte exposition à la lumière rouge (600 nm) [...]  3, fiche 18, Français, - induction%20de%20la%20dormance

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«Induction de l'état de dormance» et «induction de dormance» ont été proposés par inférence.  2, fiche 18, Français, - induction%20de%20la%20dormance

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Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Supporters of exchange competition see the competition as an innovation and incentive potential for the provision of a minimal transaction cost market arena.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - incentive%20potential

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Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

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OECD. 23rd October 1986 - C(86)65(Final).  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - Recommendation%20of%20the%20Council%20for%20Co%2Doperation%20Between%20Member%20Countries%20in%20Areas%20of%20Potential%20Conflict%20between%20Competition%20and%20Trade%20Policies

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In general, by "dual relationship", it is presumed to mean that a professional, whether a psychologist or a coach, cannot easily and efficiently maintain two different kinds of relationships with the same patient (or athlete). For instance, a psychologist, who is a friend of the patient, cannot effectively maintain a dual relationship with his patient a) as a clinician and b) as caring person or a friend with emotions - at the same time. Inversely, the patient who is a friend of the clinician will likely make undue demands on his friend, e.g. asking for non-essential medication, but at the same time expecting the clinician to provide the best psychiatric care.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - dual%20relationship

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... As psychologists, we are expected to avoid dual relationships wherever possible ... Expected response: appreciation of the reality that this standard must be adapted in small centres where dual relationships cannot always be avoided ....  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - dual%20relationship

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... The supervisor/trainer's ethical responsibility is to clearly delineate the purpose and structure of a given supervisory task, and then overtly negotiate a working relationship with the supervisee. When the possibility of a dual relationship is being considered, both supervisor and supervisee need to openly discuss the potential for dissonance and conflict in relation to factors such as role expectations, obligations, and power... The sports psychologist/athletic coach dual role : advantages, difficulties, and ethical considerations... The areas of conflict between both roles are addressed... A main advantage of the dual relationship is the ability to fully understand both athletic demands and precise psychological needs. Difficulties include the limited time available for both roles, the excessive emotional involvement in athletic competition, and a lack of mutual trust... personal dilemmas posed by being a parent and a resident in the community is related to the dual relationship provision of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists... It is suggested that clinicians be aware of relevant law when working within a forensic context and refrain from having the dual relationship of therapist and forensic examiner... [Source : PsycINFO database].  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - dual%20relationship

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Le tiers de la relation duelle et la transmission de l'analyse. [Source : base de données MEDLINE].  1, fiche 21, Français, - relation%20duelle

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Termes connexes : relation médecin-malade, relation ami-malade, relation d'aide.  1, fiche 21, Français, - relation%20duelle

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While superpower competition for regional influence now seems to be a thing of the past, the potential for instability and war persists throughout much of the world.  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - regional%20influence

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Même si les superpuissances ne semblent plus se faire concurrence comme autrefois pour étendre leur sphère d'influence régionale, les risques de troubles et de guerre persistent dans bien des régions du monde.  1, fiche 22, Français, - influence%20r%C3%A9gionale

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Members believe that "cooperation holds more potential than competition, taking care of our neighbor is important, and personal achievement and gain can take a back seat to a loving concern for others  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - Federation%20of%20Egalitarian%20Communities

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Competition for the various potential stocks of biomass has, and will have, in a number of cases, a strong bearing on the feasibility of using them for energy generation.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - stock%20of%20biomass

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[...] quantité d'énergie que peut [...] apporter la biomasse exploitée dans des conditions favorables (politique volontariste, tenant compte des avantages spécifiques de cette énergie), mais aussi réaliste [tenant] compte des contraintes liées à l'exploitation de la matière [...]  1, fiche 24, Français, - gisement%20biomasse

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Period of slowdown in sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most of the potential buyers. Profits peak in this period and start to decline because of increased marketing outlays(...) to sustain the product's position against competition.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - maturity%20stage

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Période où la croissance des ventes se stabilise [...] et le nombre de clients potentiels diminue [...] La saturation du marché favorise les ventes de remplacement aux dépens de celles de premier équipement.  1, fiche 25, Français, - phase%20de%20maturit%C3%A9

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Exclusive monopolies, like public utilities or telephones, are usually regulated by the government; and even they must usually take account of the potential competition of alternative products-oil for gas, or cables for telephones. This shows how relatively unimportant complete monopolies are.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - exclusive%20monopoly

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A good many export marketing campaigns have come to grief because those responsible have paid less attention to potential socio-cultural barriers to success than to more obvious factors such as import restriction or domestic competition.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - export%20marketing

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De nombreuses campagnes de marketing à l'export ont abouti à un échec parce que ceux qui étaient responsables ont fait moins attention aux obstacles socio-culturels qu'à des critères plus évidents tels que les restrictions douanières ou la concurrence intérieure.  1, fiche 27, Français, - marketing%20%C3%A0%20l%27export

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