TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, fiche 1, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, fiche 1, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

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sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, fiche 1, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

External forces on the ISS [International Space Station] during flight in low-Earth orbit require attitude adjustments using the control functions(effectors)... These forces act on the Station to produce torques that are dependent on the seasons, diurnal(daily) phase, and the solar cycle. To counter these forces the Control Moment Gyros and Gyrodynes are used to rotate the ISS in the opposite directions, until the momentum stored in these gyros reaches a maximum, or saturation. At this point, the gyros must be desaturated, or spun down, by firing the thrusters in the opposite direction. Desaturation takes valuable propulsion fuel and is programmed for a minimum of use.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - desaturation

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On rappelle qu'en gyroscopie, la théorie est faite pour des vitesses angulaires petites et que pour [gamma] approchant de 90° ce n'est pas le cas. D'ailleurs pour les spécialistes cette position d'alignement de l'axe gyro avec celui d'une armature est une position interdite. Ainsi [gamma] augmente en module. Ce phénomène s'appelle saturation des gyros et nécessite au bout d'une certaine période une désaturation. La désaturation consiste à appliquer sur un temps court, avec en général des actuateurs à tuyères, un couple conséquent sur le satellite et à laisser le système de contrôle agir jusqu'à ce que les roues ou les gyroscopes retrouvent leur configuration d'origine.  2, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9saturation

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Environ 2h30 avant la poussée du moteur, des commandes sont envoyées à la sonde pour allumer des petits moteurs embarqués pour «désaturer» ou vider les moments des volants d'inertie. Ces dispositifs sont similaires aux gyroscopes et sont utilisés pour contrôler l'orientation de la sonde - son positionnement sur 3 axes - pour qu'elle montre la face désirée. La désaturation préparent les volants d'inertie pour la tâche de tourner Odyssey dans la bonne position pour la poussée d'insertion orbitale.  3, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9saturation

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

External forces on the ISS [International Space Station] during flight in low-Earth orbit require attitude adjustments using the control functions(effectors)... These forces act on the Station to produce torques that are dependent on the seasons, diurnal(daily) phase, and the solar cycle. To counter these forces the Control Moment Gyros and Gyrodynes are used to rotate the ISS in the opposite directions, until the momentum stored in these gyros reaches a maximum, or saturation. At this point, the gyros must be desaturated, or spun down, by firing the thrusters in the opposite direction. Desaturation takes valuable propulsion fuel and is programmed for a minimum of use.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - saturation

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On rappelle qu'en gyroscopie, la théorie est faite pour des vitesses angulaires petites et que pour [gamma] approchant de 90° ce n'est pas le cas. D'ailleurs pour les spécialistes cette position d'alignement de l'axe gyro avec celui d'une armature est une position interdite. Ainsi [gamma] augmente en module. Ce phénomène s'appelle saturation des gyros et nécessite au bout d'une certaine période une désaturation. La désaturation consiste à appliquer sur un temps court, avec en général des actuateurs à tuyères, un couple conséquent sur le satellite et à laisser le système de contrôle agir jusqu'à ce que les roues ou les gyroscopes retrouvent leur configuration d'origine.  1, fiche 3, Français, - saturation%20des%20gyros

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

bouton de contrôle permettant de régler l'intensité de la couleur.  1, fiche 4, Français, - r%C3%A9glage%20de%20saturation

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saturation: qualité d'une couleur pure additionnée de noir. (RCB, 1966, p. 12-6).  1, fiche 4, Français, - r%C3%A9glage%20de%20saturation

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

chroma control : The control that adjusts the amplitude of the carrier chrominance signal fed to the chrominance demodulators in a color television receiver, so as to change the saturation of vividness of the hues in the color picture.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - chroma%20control

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two things that can be accomplished by adjusting the color control. By rotating it fully counterclockwise, the color circuits are rendered ineffective, and the receiver reproduces the picture in black and white. Turning the control clockwise adjusts the amount of color for the picture.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - chroma%20control

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des téléviseurs sont dotés d'un microprocesseur qui rassemble les fonctions de commande du contraste, de la saturation et de la luminosité, ce qui assure le réglage automatique du niveau du noir sur les trois canons du tube cathodique.  1, fiche 5, Français, - commande%20de%20saturation

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol