TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A radiation burn is caused by UV rays, X-rays or radiation therapy to treat cancer. A radiation burn can be as simple as a small sunburn, but it can also encompass more severe cases like radiation dermatitis caused by ionizing radiation.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - radiation%20burn

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] light-colored spots developed in frozen foods as a result of surface evaporation and drying when inadequately wrapped or packaged.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - freezer%20burn

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Moisture loss by evaporation from the surface of a product leads to freezer burn, an unsightly white color that can be mistaken for mold but is resolved on rehydration during cooking unless it is severe.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - freezer%20burn

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une brûlure de congélation est causée par la perte d'humidité sur la surface des aliments. La viande brûlée par congélation a une surface sèche et décolorée, et lorsqu'elle est cuite, elle est dure et insipide.  3, fiche 2, Français, - br%C3%BBlure%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Soft contact lenses are sometimes used as bandages for certain painful conditions of the cornea. They relieve the pain caused by exposure to the air and protect the diseased cornea from irritation when the eyelid opens and closes over it.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - bandage%20lens

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This is a purely medical indication and is used only for severe, chronic disease states; your doctor will not use a soft lens bandage for a minor corneal burn or abrasion, for example. No optical correction need be included in the bandage lens, though it can be if necessary.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - bandage%20lens

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La lentille, hydrophile toujours, peut servir de pansement, elle joue alors un double rôle, protecteur et anti-oedème.  1, fiche 3, Français, - lentille%20de%20pansement

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index (KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0 (no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i.e. soil at field capacity) to 2000 (extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes: 0-999 = Low; 1000-1499 = Moderate; 1500 - 2000 = High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations - maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index(KBDI) :... 0-200 : Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200-400 : Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400-600 : Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600-800 : Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

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"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, fiche 4, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, fiche 4, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, fiche 4, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Local effects refer to those that occur at the site of first contact between the biologic system and the toxicant. Examples of local effects are demonstrated by the ingestion of caustic substances or inhalation of irritant materials. The obverse of local effects are syptemic effects that require absorption and distribution of the toxicant to a site distant from its entry point at which point effects are produced.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - local%20effect

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For some materials, both effects can be noted. For example, tetraethyl lead produces effects on the skin at the site of absorption and then is transported systemically to produce its typical effects on the hematopoietic and other systems. If the local effect is marked as with a severe acid burn, there may also be indirect systemic effects, in this example, damage to the kidney even though the substance has not reached the kidney.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - local%20effect

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas d'effets dits locaux, l'attente sera localisée au point ou à la surface de contact du toxique avec l'organisme. Le contact se fait au niveau de la peau, des membranes muqueuses, des yeux, du nez, de la bouche, de la gorge ou à n'importe quel endroit des voies respiratoires ou du tractus gastro-intestinal.  1, fiche 5, Français, - effet%20local

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Types d'action. a) Locale : Le toxique agit uniquement à l'endroit de contact : peau, yeux, tractus digestif, voies respiratoires ...  2, fiche 5, Français, - effet%20local

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Efecto que ocurre en el lugar del primer contacto entre el organismo vivo y el agente químico; es el caso de las quemaduras por ácidos.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - efecto%20local

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mayoría de los agentes químicos producen un efecto tóxico sistémico, pero en algunos casos, además de éste, puede haber un efecto local. El tetraetilo de plomo, utilizado como antidetonante en algunas gasolinas, produce un efecto local irritante en la piel o el tracto respiratorio de acuerdo a la vía de administración, al realizarse el primer contacto con el organismo y luego, después de absorbido y transportado ocasiona daños en el sistema nervioso central y en el riñón.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - efecto%20local

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nodular, frequently lobulated, firm, movable, nonencapsulated, generally linear mass of hyperplastic scar tissue, consisting of relatively wide and parallel bands of collagenous fibrous tissue; keloids occur in the dermis and adjacent subcutaneous tissue, usually after [an]... injury, surgery, a burn, or severe cutaneous disease such as cystic acne; they... frequently recur in the site after surgical removal.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - keloid

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Néoformation hypertrophique fibreuse de la peau qui a en général l'aspect d'un bourrelet induré et ramifié. Elle a tendance à récidiver après ablation chirurgicale. On en distingue deux formes : la chéloïde spontanée, survenant sur une peau normale, la chéloïde provoquée, cicatrice disgracieuse, indurée, saillante et boursouflée, secondaire à une intervention chirurgicale, à une plaie ou à une brûlure (cicatrice chéloïdienne).  2, fiche 6, Français, - ch%C3%A9lo%C3%AFde

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Définition d'après MAMED, 1970, volume 1, page 555 et DOMEA, 1981, page 214.  3, fiche 6, Français, - ch%C3%A9lo%C3%AFde

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A degree of burn in which all organic material is removed from the soil surface and the soil surface is discolored (usually red) by heat.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - severe%20burn

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a severe burn, organic material below the surface is consumed or charred.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - severe%20burn

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le taux de mortalité] varie également selon la sévérité du brûlage. Brown et DeByle (1987) regroupent les feux en trois catégories selon leur intensité, dont voici une sommaire description. [...] Brûlage sévère : 1) Litière totalement consumée; sol minéral exposé et possiblement altéré 2) Arbrisseaux tués; feuillage et tiges inférieures à 1 cm de diamètre consumés 3) Tiges des peupliers carbonisées sur au moins 1 mètre; toutes les tiges apparemment tuées par le feu. Brûlage modéré [...] Brûlage léger [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - br%C3%BBlage%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A8re

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flame retardant refers to materials, usually decorative, which due to chemical treatment or inherent properties do not ignite readily or propagate flaming under small to moderate exposure. It is the preferable term to denote chemicals,processes, paints, or coatings used for the treatment of such materials as fabrics, foliage, Christmas trees and similar items in the class of decorations or furnishings. Flame retardant denotes a lower degree of resistance than fire retardant.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - flame%20retardant

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A flame-resistant fabric is defined as one which either will not burn, or will burn so slowly as to allow time to extinguish the flame or discard the burning fabric, and thus obviate severe injury to the wearer. The flame-resistance rating of a fabric is derived from flammability testing and is equal to the time in seconds necessary for the propagation of flame over a distance of one hundred inches in a vertical strip of fabric.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - flame%20retardant

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Flame resistant is a term that may be used more or less interchangeably with "flame retardant".  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - flame%20retardant

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] on s'oriente vers la fabrication de textiles satisfaisant aux tests sévères des laboratoires agréés par le Ministère de l'Intérieur (contrôle de la vitesse de propagation des flammes, du dégagement de gaz toxiques, de l'opacité des fumées) et pouvant ainsi obtenir le label "non-feu" délivré par le Groupement technique des Matières et Produits non inflammables [...] Il faut, à ce propos, distinguer très nettement les textiles non-feu, qui gardent indéfiniment leurs propriétés, des textiles simplement "ignifugés", qui perdent les leurs au bout de trois, quatre ou cinq ans.  1, fiche 8, Français, - non%2Dfeu

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol