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THERMAL CENTER [20 fiches]

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Fiche 1 2025-02-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Freezing and Refrigerating
  • Food Preservation and Canning
  • Collaboration with the FAO
DEF

The point within a piece of food which has the highest temperature at the end of a quick freezing process.

CONT

It is important that the thermal centre of the product is chilled as quickly as possible to prevent the outgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms or the production of microbial toxins.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • thermal center

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Congélation, surgélation et réfrigération
  • Conservation des aliments et conserverie
  • Collaboration avec la FAO
DEF

Point d'un aliment présentant la température la plus élevée à la fin d'un procédé de surgélation.

CONT

Il est important que le centre thermique du produit soit réfrigéré le plus rapidement possible afin d'empêcher la croissance des micro-organismes pathogènes ou la production de toxines microbiennes.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Congelación y refrigeración
  • Conservación de los alimentos y elaboración de conservas
  • Colaboración con la FAO
DEF

Punto del producto en el que la temperatura es la más elevada en el proceso de congelación.

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Fiche 2 2014-10-31

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Synthetic Fabrics
  • Wheels and Tires (Motor Vehicles and Bicycles)
CONT

One cannot enter into a discussion of nylon fibers for tire reinforcement without comparing nylon-6 to nylon-66. For the 30 plus years that these two materials have competed for the world's bias-ply truck tire market, the pros and cons have been the object of heated debate. At the center of controversy are the distinctions between the two in regards to thermal mechanical properties. Many people feel even today nylon-6 is just a nylon-66 with a lower melting point.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Textiles artificiels et synthétiques
  • Roues et pneus (Véhicules automobiles et bicyclettes)
OBS

Comparaison entre les fibres nylon pour renfort pneumatique.

Espagnol

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Fiche 3 2011-12-14

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Facilities and Instruments (Astronomy)
CONT

Technicians from Kodak... will test the entire telescope optics at the Plum Brook Space Power Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio.... This huge chamber—36 m high, 30 m wide—has been used to test the deployment of large space systems and the Mars Pathfinder airbag landing system. It offers low vibration levels, and, when it is outfitted with liquid helium shrouds, it will simulate the thermal environment at the L2 operating location of JWST.

CONT

The transient calorimetric technique typically consists of a pure Aluminum block (or A1100 Aluminum as a good substitute) coated with a typical spacecraft coating and suspended via the manganin temperature sensor leads in a black painted liquid helium shroud.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Installations et instruments (Astronomie)
CONT

La France a de plus pris une part capitale dans la réalisation des unités de focalisation, en concevant les quadripôles supraconducteurs principaux du LHC [Large Hadron Collider] et leur assemblage dans leurs masses froides. Les 392 aimants quadripôles, désormais tous dans le tunnel, garantiront la focalisation des faisceaux, c'est-à-dire la maîtrise de leur dimension millimétrique tout au long de leur trajectoire. Ces aimants sont insérés dans des enceintes à hélium liquide avec des aimants correcteurs ainsi que bien d'autres composants. Cet assemblage complexe, appelé masse froide, est lui-même entouré par un cryostat et un module d'asservissement. Le tout forme ce que l'on appelle une section droite courte.

Espagnol

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Fiche 4 2010-04-30

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Remote Sensing
CONT

Managed by Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, the mission uses an advanced imaging spectrometer based on breakthrough technologies such as a large-area focal-plane array, new data-readout and signal-processing electronics, and passive thermal switching.

OBS

Columbus precursor flights.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments scientifiques
  • Télédétection

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 4

Fiche 5 2010-03-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Freezing and Refrigerating
  • Food Industries
DEF

That time required from a given initial temperature, to freeze a product and to lower its temperature at the thermal center to a given value.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Congélation, surgélation et réfrigération
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
DEF

Temps nécessaire pour abaisser la température d'un produit de sa valeur initiale à une valeur donnée en son centre thermique.

Espagnol

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Fiche 6 2008-07-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

A thermal vacuum test on the first flight vehicle of the H-II Transfer Vehicle(HTV) has been carried out at the Spacecraft Integration and Test Building at the Tsukuba Space Center. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the thermal design of the structure and to verify its endurance in the harsh environment of space by stimulating the vacuum and thermal environment in space. Thermal vacuum test for the Pressurized Carrier and Unpressurized Carrier have already been completed, and the main part of Avionics Module and Propulsion Module combined is now in the 13-meter diameter space chamber for testing.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
OBS

test de vide thermique : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale - CUTS.

Espagnol

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Fiche 7 2006-06-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Skydiving, Paragliding and Hang Gliding
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
CONT

Thermal flying. When the sun warms the ground, it will warm some features more than others(such as rocks or factories), and these set off thermals which rise through the air.... Once a pilot finds a thermal, he or she begins to fly in a circle, trying to center the circle on the strongest part of the thermal, where the air is rising the fastest. Most pilots use a ’vario’(vario-altimeter), which indicates climb rate with beeps and/or a visual display, to help ’core-in’ on a thermal. Good thermal flying is a skill which takes time to learn, but a good pilot can often follow a thermal up to a cloud base.

CONT

The Beetle is designed for all kinds of flying, from ridge soaring to thermaling and cross country flying.

CONT

One of the most common problems pilots have is maintaining a consistent circle while thermalling.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Parachutisme, parapente et deltaplane
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
CONT

Le vol thermique consiste à utiliser des courants thermiques (appelés «thermiques», «ascendances» ou «pompes») pour monter. Ces courants résultent du fait que de l'air plus chaud que l'air qui l'entoure est moins dense («plus léger») et a donc tendance à s'élever (montgolfière, fumée ...).

CONT

Le vol thermique restera sans doute la forme la plus répandue du vol à voile.

Espagnol

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Fiche 8 2005-04-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Hydrology and Hydrography
  • Meteorology
OBS

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Indian Ocean Upper Ocean Thermal Data Assembly Centre (UOT/DAC) is operated by CSIRO Marine Research with the assistance of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC).

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Upper Ocean Thermal Data Assembly Center

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Hydrologie et hydrographie
  • Météorologie

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Organismos y comités internacionales
  • Hidrología e hidrografía
  • Meteorología
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Fiche 9 2003-12-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
  • Research Experiments in Space
CONT

[The] EMCS consists of a gas tight incubator containing two centrifuges with space for 4 Experiment Containers on each rotor; also the life support and water supply system, the illumination and the observation system are located on the rotors. External to the incubator are the Standard Payload Computer(SPLC), the gas supply module and the thermal control system. The flight unit is accommodated in an EXPRESS Rack on the International Space Station. Ground controls will be performed in dedicated Experiment Reference Models, one located in Europe, the other at NASA Ames Research Center.

CONT

[The] EMCS is dedicated to experiments on plants, especially multi-generation (seed-to-seed) experiments and studies on gravity effects on early development and growth, on signal perception and transduction in plant tropisms. Experiments with insects or amphibia as well as studies with cell and tissue cultures are also foreseen in EMCS.

OBS

European modular cultivation system; EMCS: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
  • Travaux de recherche dans l'espace
CONT

[Le] European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) [est] destiné à l'étude biologique des plantes (croissance, développement, influence de la microgravité).

OBS

module européen d'étude biologique des plantes; EMCS : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 10 2003-06-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Space Physics
CONT

The European Space Research and Technology Center has developed a small, space qualified and TV compatible IR viewing system able to visualize thermal flows in fluids in microgravity. This instrument is a part of the diagnostics of a Spacelab facility, namely the Autonomous Fluid Physics Module(AFPM) flown on the last Spacelab D2 mission(April to May 1993). One of the main objectives of the research is to enable monitoring changes in the surface temperature of a fluid following the application of different stimuli.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Physique spatiale

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 10

Fiche 11 2003-05-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

The US space shuttle delivers the third port truss segment, the P5 Truss, to attach to second port truss segment, the P3/P4 Truss.

CONT

This truss segment, called "S5, "is a mirror image of the P5 truss segment that arrived for processing at Kennedy Space Center in July 2001. The S5 truss segment is a 10-1/2-by-15-foot aluminum structure that will weigh 3, 900 pounds when fully processed... Items to be attached to the S5 truss include handholds to be used by spacewalking astronauts, a strut assembly, multi-layer thermal blankets, and the installation of the PVRGF.

CONT

The P5 and S5 segments are merely spacers that will provide enough room for the solar arrays to track the sun and not interfere with the other equipment, for example, the waste-heat radiators and antennas. The waste-heat radiators attached to segments S1 and P1 also must be clear of array movement.

OBS

The assembly sequence of the trusses on the International Space Station does not usually correspond to the number assigned to each segment of the struss structure. Trusses are numbered as follows: P1, P3, P4, P5, P6 (port side) and S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 (starboard side). In this case, the P5 truss is referred to as the third port truss segment.

OBS

third port truss segment: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
OBS

La séquence d'assemblage des poutres bâbord (P1, P3, P4, P5, P6) et tribord (S1, S3, S4, S5, S6) de la Station spatiale internationale diffère habituellement de l'ordre de numérotation des éléments structuraux de la grande poutrelle. Dans le cas présent, la poutre P5 correspond au troisième segment bâbord de la poutrelle.

OBS

troisième segment bâbord de la poutrelle : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 12 2003-02-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Research Equipment
  • Engineering Tests and Reliability
  • Thermoanalysis
CONT

Thermal Vacuum Test Chamber... The purpose of the Thermal Vacuum test is to verify that the satellite will work correctly in the extreme temperatures and low pressures experienced in space. The satellite is suspended from a test fixture in the center of the tank, which is pumped out to a pressure about a billion times smaller than atmospheric pressure. The entire chamber wall can be heated and cooled to simulate the effects of solar heating when the satellite is in sunlight and the cold of outer space when the satellite is in the shadow of the Earth.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Matériel et équipement (Recherche scientifique)
  • Fiabilité, contrôle et essais (Ingénierie)
  • Thermo-analyse

Espagnol

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Fiche 13 2002-12-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
  • Conductivity and Superconductivity (Electricity)
  • Remote Sensing
CONT

ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is an imaging instrument that is flying on Terra, a satellite launched in December 1999 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System(EOS). ASTER is a cooperative effort between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI) and the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center(ERSDAC). ASTER will be used to obtain detailed maps of land surface temperature, emissivity, reflectance and elevation. The EOS platforms are part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, whose goal is to obtain a better understanding of the interactions between the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
  • Conductivité et supraconductivité (Électricité)
  • Télédétection
CONT

ASTER, radiomètre spatial avancé d'émission et de réflection thermiques, est un des instruments dont sera doté le satellite d'observation de la Terre AM-1 de la NASA.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 13

Fiche 14 2002-11-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

US Space Shuttle delivers third port truss segment, the P5 Truss, to attach to second port truss segment, the P3/P4 Truss.

CONT

This truss segment, called "S5, "is a mirror image of the P5 truss segment that arrived for processing at Kennedy Space Center in July 2001. The S5 truss segment is a 10-1/2-by-15-foot aluminum structure that will weigh 3, 900 pounds when fully processed... Items to be attached to the S5 truss include handholds to be used by spacewalking astronauts, a strut assembly, multi-layer thermal blankets, and the installation of the PVRGF [photovoltaic removable grapple fixture].

CONT

The P5 and S5 segments are merely spacers that will provide enough room for the solar arrays to track the sun and not interfere with the other equipment, for example, the waste-heat radiators and antennas. The waste-heat radiators attached to segments S1 and P1 also must be clear of array movement.

OBS

P5 truss; integrated truss structure P5; P5; ITS-P5: terms and abbreviations officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
OBS

poutre P5; segment de poutre intégrée P5; P5; ITS-P5 : termes et abréviations uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 15 2002-11-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Heat Treatment: Intervening Factors (Metals)
  • Thermoelectricity and Thermoelectronics
CONT

The new 60-megawatt segmented arc heater, known as H3, significantly improves AEDC' s [Arnold Engineering Development Center] present arc capabilities... Arc heaters such as H3 produce the high pressures and heat fluxes required for testing thermal protection materials used for nose tips and heat shields. Arc heater tests provide information to manufacturers about the probable condition a space vehicle component would experience following re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. An arc heater is basically a large tube that high-pressure air runs through. The air is heated by discharging tens of megawatts of power using an electric arc similar to a lightning bolt. At the nozzle, or downstream end of the heater, test personnel install models or materials and subject them to simulated high pressure and temperature conditions generated by the bolt. Temperatures range from 5, 000 to 15, 000 degrees Fahrenheit, requiring each component to be water-cooled.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Traitement thermique des métaux (Facteurs)
  • Thermoélectrique et thermoélectronique

Espagnol

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Fiche 16 2002-11-01

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Metallurgy - General
CONT

Welding fumes comprise: mostly residual dust associated with metal burning and electrode burning, typically in the 0.5 micron to 1.0 micron range.

CONT

Several chemical definitions relate to welding. One is known as burning or oxidation. This takes place when any substance combines with oxygen usually at high temperatures. An example of this is the combining of acetylene with oxygen. This produces carbon dioxide plus water plus a large amount of heat. We use the heat produced by the burning of acetylene in the flame of the oxyacetylene torch to make welds.

CONT

The Welding and Metals Fabrication Program provides students with instruction, practical experience, and related theory in shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, manual and automatic oxyacetylene burning, brazing, soldering, air carbon arc gouging, and plasma arc gouging and cutting.

CONT

Fabricating-Cincinnati Burning Equipment. One MG Thermal Cutting Center CNC Controlled-3 Oxy/Fuel Torches to 8" Mild Steel and 1 Plasma Torch to 2" Stainless Steel.... One Cybermation 400 Numerically Controlled Plasma Burner.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • burning of metals

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Métallurgie générale
CONT

La patine au feu permet d'obtenir toute une gamme de couleurs jaune, rouge, noir caractérisées par leur aspect ombré. Il s'agit d'un brûlage du métal à la flamme sur une surface désoxydée et dégraissée. L'opération se pratique au chalumeau. Le résultat est fonction de l'orientation de la flamme, de son intensité, de la durée de l'exposition au feu et du tour de main de l'opérateur.

CONT

Acier laminé à chaud. [...] Des opérations telles que le soudage, le brûlage, le meulage ou l'usinage peuvent avoir des effets aigus ou chroniques sur la santé par voie d'inhalation.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • brûlage de métaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 16

Fiche 17 2001-10-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The Payload Carriers Team is responsible for MSFC' s [Marshall Space Flight Center] Payload Carriers which is made up of two type of carriers : the Spacelab Logistics Pallet(SLP) and the Multi-Purpose Equipment Support Structure(MPESS). The Payload Carriers "bridge the gap" in payload accommodations available in the Space Shuttle's Payload Bay by providing unique structural, power, data and thermal resources to a variety of payloads. These carriers are designed to transport items safely through the rigors of high acceleration Shuttle launch and the vacuum of space while providing the flexibility to allow the Shuttle to minimize the mass transported to earth orbit.

OBS

Spacelab logistics pallet; SLP: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
CONT

Le Canadarm2 remettra au bras de la navette une palette Spacelab de 3 000 livres afin de la ranger dans la soute de la navette.

OBS

palette Spacelab; SLP : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 18 1999-10-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Freezing and Refrigerating
  • Food Industries
DEF

The ratio between the minimum distance from the surface of a food mass to its thermal center and the time elapsed between the surface reaching 32 F(0 ° C) and the thermal center reaching 18 F(10 ° C) colder.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Congélation, surgélation et réfrigération
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
CONT

La vitesse de congélation d'une masse de denrée alimentaire s'obtient en divisant la distance minimale entre la surface et le centre thermique par le temps écoulé entre l'instant où la température superficielle est à 0 °C et celui où le centre thermique est à 10 °C au-dessous de la température de congélation commençante.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 18

Fiche 19 1999-10-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Freezing and Refrigerating
  • Food Industries
DEF

For a given product of specified dimensions and at an initial uniform temperature of 32 F(0°C), the time required by the thermal center to reach 18 F(10°C) colder.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Congélation, surgélation et réfrigération
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
CONT

Le temps nominal de congélation d'un produit de nature et de dimensions données, à température initiale de 0 °C, est le temps nécessaire pour atteindre au centre thermique une température inférieure de 10 °C à la température de congélation commençante.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 19

Fiche 20 1998-08-24

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Synthetic Fabrics
CONT

One cannot enter into a discussion of nylon fibers for tire reinforcement without comparing nylon-6 to nylon-66. For the 30 plus years that these two materials have competed for the world's bias-ply truck tire market, the pros and cons have been the object of heated debate. At the center of controversy are the distinctions between the two in regards to thermal mechanical properties. Many people feel even today that nylon-6 is just a nylon-66 with a lower melting point.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • nylon fibre

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Textiles artificiels et synthétiques

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 20

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