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Reduction refers to any strategy that results in fewer animals being used to obtain sufficient data to answer a research question while maximizing the information obtained per animal. This potentially limits or avoids the subsequent use of additional animals although it is important that this be done without further compromising any individual animal' s lifetime welfare.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - reduction

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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La réduction désigne toutes les solutions dont le résultat se traduit soit par une diminution du nombre d'animaux utilisés tout en obtenant suffisamment de données pour répondre aux questions reliées à l'étude, soit par une utilisation qui maximise les données obtenues de chaque animal, ce qui peut limiter ou éviter l'utilisation subséquente d'animaux supplémentaires, et ce, sans pour autant compromettre le bien-être animal.  1, fiche 1, Français, - r%C3%A9duction

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Saint John SPCA Animal Rescue is a non-profit organization that provides rescue, temporary housing, care and assistance to stray and unwanted animals in [the] community. [The SPCA does its] best to find loving, caring and responsible Forever Homes for all of the animals in [its] care. [The organization] also [attempts] to educate [the] community about responsible pet ownership, the humane treatment of animals, and the importance of spaying/neutering your pets.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - Saint%20John%20SPCA%20Animal%20Rescue

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The mission of the Saint John SPCA Animal Rescue is to promote and provide the humane treatment of animals, recognizing that each has intrinsic value and is deserving of moral concern.... [The SPCA investigates] complaints from the public, rescue neglected and abused animals and prosecute offenders. [Its] goal is to end animal cruelty and neglect, endorse the timely spaying or neutering of companion animals, eradicate the euthanasia of healthy, adoptable animals and recognize animals as individual, sentient beings, improving the welfare of all animals through programs and services in sheltering, education, protection and advocacy.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - Saint%20John%20SPCA%20Animal%20Rescue

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Edmonton Minor Soccer Association or EMSA is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the development of this city’s youth soccer programs. [Its] teams are comprised of over 25,000 children and youth throughout Edmonton and surrounding area ...  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Edmonton%20Minor%20Soccer%20Association

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[Its goals are : to] promote, develop and govern minor soccer in the City of Edmonton... ;... to foster and encourage good character and sportsmanship, in all participants, through the principals of fair play; [and to] ensure the welfare and fulfillment of each individual player.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - Edmonton%20Minor%20Soccer%20Association

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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All the gains in welfare which flow from a particular economic decision, whether or not they accrue to the individual or institution taking the decision, i. e. the total improvement in welfare of the society as a whole, including the decision-taker.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - social%20benefit

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Avantage que les activités d'une entité procurent à des particuliers ou à la société en général.  1, fiche 4, Français, - avantage%20social

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Provide for the welfare of an individual.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - welfare%20of%20an%20individual

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Veiller au mieux-être d'une personne.  1, fiche 5, Français, - mieux%2D%C3%AAtre%20d%27une%20personne

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The concept of defamilialisation is often defined as the extent to which individual adults can uphold a socially acceptable standard of living, independently of family relationships, either through paid work or through social security provision. Defamilialisation can therefore be used as a way of testing the extent to which welfare states facilitate female autonomy and economic independence from the family.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - defamilialisation

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C'est pourquoi, les pays peuvent être appréhendés à partir de la typologie des États providence [...] basée sur le critère de démarchandisation, infléchie par l'apport de la critique féministe centrée sur le degré de défamilialisation, c'est-à-dire de collectivisation des responsabilités liées à la famille.  2, fiche 6, Français, - d%C3%A9familialisation

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This award was created in 1988 in honour of the former Honorary Campaign Chair of Ontario March of Dimes, the late Paul Martin Sr., who personally waged a battle against polio. As Canadian Minister of National Health and Welfare in the 1950s, Paul Martin Sr. took the courageous step of delivering the country's universal vaccination program despite an atmosphere of great uncertainty. The vaccine eventually ended the threat of polio in Canada. The award is presented annually to an individual(s) for service to Ontario March of Dimes in the areas of fundraising, service or policy.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - The%20Right%20Honourable%20Paul%20Martin%20Sr%2E%20Award

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Parlement du Canada, 37e législature, 2e session, (30 septembre 2002 - 12 novembre 2003), Hansard révisé • Numéro 143, Vendredi 24 octobre 2003.  1, fiche 7, Français, - Prix%20du%20Tr%C3%A8s%20honorable%20Paul%20Martin%20p%C3%A8re

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A branch of economic theory dealing with the evolution of principles for maximizing social welfare.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - welfare%20economics

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In practice, welfare economics concerns chiefly the possibilities for improving the way that given aggregates of resources may be allocated to different user to satisfy better individual wants.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - welfare%20economics

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Compare with "environmental economics".  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - welfare%20economics

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Le terme de bien-être [...] situation heureuse liée à la satisfaction des besoins [...] est de plus en plus souvent utilisé (notamment Économie de Bien-Être) en faisant référence à un domaine nouveau de l'analyse et de la recherche économique : les règles du fonctionnement d'une économie nationale où la satisfaction éprouvée par l'ensemble des individus qui la compose serait maximale.  1, fiche 8, Français, - %C3%A9conomie%20de%20bien%2D%C3%AAtre

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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One of the five Emergency Welfare Services. This Service is responsible for providing individual care in assistance through four bureaux : Reception, Unattached Children and Dependent Adults, Institutional Care(Welfare), Counselling and Emergency Aid.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - personal%20services

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Un des cinq services sociaux d'urgence. Ce service est chargé de fournir les soins et secours individuels par l'entremise de quatre bureaux : accueil, enfants sans parents et adultes à charge, soins en établissement de bien-être, consultations et secours en cas d'urgence.  1, fiche 9, Français, - services%20personnels

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The opposite of a successful attempt to exercise authority. When an individual believes that his welfare will be seriously jeopardized if he behaves as proposed, he either refuses outright or conveniently forgets to do as bid; he rebels by managing to avoid doing as proposed.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - rebellion

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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(...) if, both for the individual and for society, all we are interested in is ordinal properties of a welfare index, the construction of a function to represent social welfare adds little to the analysis.(...) A complete social ordering is sufficient.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - social%20ordering

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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La connaissance de l'ordre dans lequel un individu désirerait consommer ou acquérir des biens ne suffit pas pour découvrir la composition maximale de la production recherchée. On démontre, au surplus, que les "ordres" individuels ne peuvent pas être additionnés pour donner ce qu'on pourrait appeler un ordre collectif (principe d'intransitivité).  1, fiche 11, Français, - ordre%20collectif

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol