TERMIUM Plus^®

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X-rays are usually difficult to direct and guide. X-ray physicists at the University of Göttingen have developed a new method with which the X-rays can be emitted more precisely in one direction. To do this, the scientists use a structure of thin layers of materials with different densities of electrons to simultaneously deflect and focus the generated beams.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20physicist

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A penetrating electromagnetic radiation other than annihilation radiation originating in the extranuclear part of the atom and having wavelengths much shorter than those of visible light.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - X%2Drays

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X-radiation: term and definition standardized by ISO in 1997.  6, fiche 2, Anglais, - X%2Drays

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Rayonnement électromagnétique pénétrant, autre que le rayonnement d'annihilation, prenant naissance dans la partie extranucléaire de l'atome et ayant des longueurs d'onde beaucoup plus courtes que celles de la lumière visible.  6, fiche 2, Français, - rayons%20X

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rayonnement X : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 1997.  7, fiche 2, Français, - rayons%20X

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Radiaciones electromagnéticas cuya longitud de onda está comprendida entre 6 y 1000 pm, aproximadamente.  4, fiche 2, Espagnol, - rayos%20X

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Analysis of the crystal structure of materials by passing X-rays through them and registering the diffraction (scattering) image of the rays.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20analysis

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Qualitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is used to identify minerals based on their crystal structure. We provide standard XRD analysis as well as clay XRD analysis, which involves processing the sample to produce diagnostic changes in clay XRD peak positions and sizes.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20analysis

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X-ray diffraction analysis: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20analysis

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Technique d'analyse basée sur la diffraction des rayons X sur la matière.  2, fiche 3, Français, - diffractom%C3%A9trie%20de%20rayons%20X

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L'analyse par diffraction des rayons X est l'une des méthodes les plus utilisées pour identifier les minéraux. Elle est surtout utilisée pour l'identification des minéraux argileux, en raison de leur taille se situant en dessous 0,1 micron. La méthode est basée sur la loi de Bragg utilisant les distances interatomiques de chaque minéral analysé. Le diffractogramme en est la représentation graphique.  3, fiche 3, Français, - diffractom%C3%A9trie%20de%20rayons%20X

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Analyse par diffraction X. L'analyse par diffraction des rayons X ou diffractométrie X permet de déterminer les distances interatomiques et l'arrangement des atomes dans les réseaux cristallins. Comme les rayons X sont diffractés de façon différente par les éléments du réseau suivant la construction de ce dernier, l'irradiation de la matière par rayons X permet de connaître sa nature cristallographique.  4, fiche 3, Français, - diffractom%C3%A9trie%20de%20rayons%20X

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Une telle hétérogénéité minéralogique ne peut être mise en évidence que par une analyse DRX; elle est, par ailleurs, fonction de l'appartenance stratigraphique des couches argileuses.  6, fiche 3, Français, - diffractom%C3%A9trie%20de%20rayons%20X

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diffractométrie de rayons X; diffractométrie X : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  8, fiche 3, Français, - diffractom%C3%A9trie%20de%20rayons%20X

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source : Sciences des microstructures - CNRC.  1, fiche 4, Français, - rayon%2DX%20%C3%A9manant%20des%20plasmas

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Source: proposition.  2, fiche 5, Français, - radiographies%20du%20circuit%20%C3%A9lectrique%20du%20d%C3%A9givreur%20Spraymat

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In the summer of 1962, an X-ray detector on a sounding rocket was flown. The goal of this flight was originally to detect X-ray fluorescence of the moon due to the Sun's wind; it failed to detect such emission from the moon. However, the detector serendipitously discovered extra solar X-rays from a source named Scorpius X-1 (the first X-ray source seen in the constellation Scorpio).  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - extra%20solar%20X%2Drays

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La première détection de rayons X extra-solaires date du 18 juin 1962, par les américains Riccardo Giacconi et Bruno Rossi.  2, fiche 6, Français, - rayons%2DX%20extra%2Dsolaires

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X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.  1, fiche 7, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

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À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.  2, fiche 7, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

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X-ray Diffraction Method is an accurate, reliable and time proven tool for residual stress analysis. Using Bragg's law of diffraction the value of surface residual stress can be found by measuring the angle at which an X-ray beam diffracts from the surface of an analyzed component. This measurement method is absolute: i.e. it does not require calibration on samples of known stress levels.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20method

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Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, grain size and micro-stresses determination, macro-stresses measurement using X-ray diffraction method.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20method

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Deux méthodes de diffraction sont les plus utilisées pour déterminer les contraintes résiduelles à la surface des matériaux cristallins : la méthode par diffraction de neutrons et la méthode par diffraction des rayons X, qui fut la première proposée par Lester et Abon au siècle dernier (1925) [...] Le principe est fondé sur la mesure des variations des distances inter-atomiques liées directement à la présence de contraintes résiduelles. L'introduction d'un champ de contraintes résiduelles va se traduire par une déformation du réseau cristallin. En utilisant les plans cristallins comme jauges de déformation, la diffractométrie permet de déterminer de manière non destructive les contraintes en surface dans les matériaux cristallins uniquement [...]  2, fiche 8, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20par%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

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Commercial cargo at Blaine travels through a new fourteen million-dollar facility. At this facility, a commercial truck with a container full of foreign goods can have its cargo cleared and entered into the U.S. in less than a minute. That same conveyance can be selected for inspection and required to back up to the loading dock or old to pull ahead to the mobile X-ray vehicle.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - mobile%20X%2Dray%20vehicle

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... we showed our immigration cards to pass on to the flight waiting room. Since we passed through all these points relatively quickly, we had to wait an hour or so before boarding. When it was finally time to board, we walked outside, ran our bags through a security X-ray vehicle, and proceeded to the jet.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - mobile%20X%2Dray%20vehicle

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[...] au 1-6-1999, la douane employait 20 005 agents, utilisait 23 avions, 8 hélicoptères, 68 bateaux, 2 216 véhicules dont 257 motos, 7 véhicules à rayons X, 2 camions de surveillance radar, 262 équipes «maître-chien» pour la détection des stupéfiants et des explosifs.  1, fiche 9, Français, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20X

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... but X-rays diffraction methods have also been used to identify calcium carbonate, iron oxide.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - X%2Drays%20diffraction%20method

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Les méthodes d'analyse par diffraction des rayons X permettent l'étude qualitative et quantitatives des substances cristallines [...] en suspension dans l'air.  1, fiche 10, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27analyse%20par%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

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An electromagnetic ray characterized by very short wavelengths, between 1 pm and 10 nm, situated between gamma and ultraviolet rays.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - X%2Dray

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The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Remote sensing applications typically use wavelengths that include the visible wavelengths (blue through red), the infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The shorter wavelength ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma rays are not typically used. The long wavelength radio waves are also not typically used.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - X%2Dray

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X-ray: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - X%2Dray

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Rayonnement électromagnétique de très courte longueur d'onde (entre 1 pm et 10 nm) situé entre le rayonnement gamma et le rayonnement ultraviolet.  1, fiche 11, Français, - rayon%20X

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rayon X : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  2, fiche 11, Français, - rayon%20X

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Health Canada, Environmental Health Directorate, Ottawa, 2000, 98 pages.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20equipment%20in%20medical%20diagnosis%20part%20A%3A%20recommended%20safety%20procedures%20for%20installations%20and%20use%20%2D%20safety%20code%2020A

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Santé Canada, Direction de l'hygiène du milieu, Ottawa, 2000, 103 pages.  1, fiche 12, Français, - Les%20appareils%20radiographiques%20en%20diagnostic%20m%C3%A9dical%2C%20partie%20A%20%3A%20techniques%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20recommand%C3%A9es%20pour%20l%27installation%20et%20l%27utilisation%20%2D%20Code%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%2020A

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Health Canada.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - Consumer%20and%20Clinical%20Radiation%20Hazards%20Division

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Santé Canada.  1, fiche 13, Français, - Division%20des%20dangers%20des%20rayonnements%20de%20produits%20cliniques%20et%20de%20la%20consommation

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Source : HIA 212/82.  1, fiche 15, Français, - %C3%A9mission%20brusque%20de%20rayons%20X%20solaires%20et%20de%20rayons%20gamma%20cosmiques

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