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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatographic permeation analysis in which the stationary phase consists of a molecular sieve.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - molecular%2Dsieve%20chromatography

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Voir aussi chromatographie sur gel.  3, fiche 1, Français, - chromatographie%20sur%20tamis%20mol%C3%A9culaires

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A chromatographic technology used to separate and quantitate mixtures of substances in solution.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - high%2Dperformance%20liquid%20chromatography

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The sample is injected into a moving stream of solvent, which flows through a column and detector. The passage through the column separates the sample compounds by one of four different methods: adsorption, partition, ion exchange, or size exclusion. The solvent is pumped through the system at a controlled pressure, which can be varied between 500 and 5000 psi. With the particular column and elution method used for the assay, the elution times relative to the internal standard characterize the compounds and are used to identify them. The peak areas relative to the internal standard are proportional to their concentration in the sample and are used to quantitate them.  6, fiche 2, Anglais, - high%2Dperformance%20liquid%20chromatography

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A special form of liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), has become especially important for the separation of complex mixtures of nonvolatile materials. Essentially, it involves the use of very small particle size in column packing, with high pressure to increase the rate of flow and shorten the separation time to a few minutes.  7, fiche 2, Anglais, - high%2Dperformance%20liquid%20chromatography

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One of the most significant advances in chromatography in recent years has been the introduction of high performance liquid chromatography. Originally intended for the separation of small organic molecules that were soluble in non-aqueous solvents, the technique rapidly developed into a form suitable for the separation of larger, biological compounds soluble in aqueous solvents. In recent years, following the development of macroporous supports, the technique has become applicable to molecules as large as proteins and nucleic acids.  8, fiche 2, Anglais, - high%2Dperformance%20liquid%20chromatography

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The term high pressure liquid chromatography (now obsolete) was used in the early stages of development of the technique since the quality of the columns was such that high pressures were needed to force the liquid through.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - high%2Dperformance%20liquid%20chromatography

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique qui permet d’obtenir une séparation de mélanges complexes selon le même principe que la chromatographie liquide classique(échange d’ions, tamisage moléculaire, ou interaction hydrophobe) mais en des temps très courts grâce à l'emploi de hautes pressions.  12, fiche 2, Français, - chromatographie%20liquide%20%C3%A0%20haute%20performance

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Les avantages de l’HPLC [«high-performance liquid chromatography»] que sont la rapidité et la possibilité d’automatiser totalement l’analyse et le traitement des données (mise en mémoire et traitement informatique des courbes chromatographiques), sont susceptibles de conduire cette technique à remplacer, au moins dans certaines applications, l’électrophorèse classique actuelle.  12, fiche 2, Français, - chromatographie%20liquide%20%C3%A0%20haute%20performance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chromatographie liquide à haute performance (HPLC) est une méthode récente. L’évolution technologique a permis de réaliser des résines sphériques de taille allant jusqu’à 5 microns, ce qui leur donne des propriétés mécaniques telles qu’elles supportent de forts débits ainsi que la haute contre-pression qui en résulte. On réalise ainsi des séparations beaucoup plus rapides avec une meilleure résolution. L’appareil est constitué d’une colonne en acier inoxydable d’une longueur de l’ordre de 200 mm et de diamètre intérieur de 4 mm, remplie de particules de taille inférieure à 20 mm; cette colonne est précédée d’une pompe à haute pression, permettant d’injecter le solvant sous une pression de plusieurs dizaines de bars. Des microvannes assurent l’introduction de quelques microlitres de solution à analyser, en tête de colonne.  13, fiche 2, Français, - chromatographie%20liquide%20%C3%A0%20haute%20performance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Chromatographie liquide à haute performance multidimensionnelle.  14, fiche 2, Français, - chromatographie%20liquide%20%C3%A0%20haute%20performance

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CLAR es una técnica analítica en la que una fase móvil líquida transporta una muestra a través de una columna que contiene una fase líquida estacionaria. La interacción de la muestra con la fase estacionaria retiene de modo selectivo los compuestos individuales y permite la separación de los componentes de la muestra [...]  2, fiche 2, Espagnol, - cromatograf%C3%ADa%20l%C3%ADquida%20de%20alta%20presi%C3%B3n

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Substituted cellulose derivative that is used in bead form as weak ion exchanger. The most frequently used products are DEAE-cellulose (diethylaminoethyl) and CM-cellulose (carboxymethyl), which are weak base (anion) and weak acid (cation) exchangers, respectively. They are prepared from cellulose by substitution of some primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose units with diethylaminoethyl or carboxymethyl groups, respectively, joined through ether linkages.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - cellulose%20ion%20exchanger

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ion exchange celluloses can be used in both column and batch processes, although for large-scale work difficulty has been encountered in using large columns of these materials. The cellulose is easily compressed, and this leads rapidly to a reduction in flow rate. Thus the main application of ion exchange cellulose in large-scale enzyme purification has been for batch adsorption and batch elution.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - cellulose%20ion%20exchanger

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These exchangers have an open structure, which is readily penetrated by large molecules, and a large surface area giving them a high capacity for absorption of protein. The binding is usually freely reversible. DEAE-cellulose is used for chromatography of acidic and slightly basic proteins at pH values above their isoelectric point. The most useful range is pH 6-8. CM-cellulose is used for separation of neutral and basic proteins, which bind at around pH 4.5. Desorption of proteins from the ion exchangers is accomplished by changing the pH or increasing the ionic strength of the eluant.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - cellulose%20ion%20exchanger

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'industrie biologique utilise aujourd’hui les techniques chromatographiques pour la production de protéines purifiées. L'insuline par exemple, est isolée à partir de pancréas de bovins ou de porcs par des procédés combinant l'échange d’ions et le tamisage moléculaire. Ces mêmes techniques ou la chromatographie d’affinité sont également utilisées pour la purification de macromolécules nécessaires à certains vaccins : le virus poliomyélitique, la toxine du choléra et la tixine du tétanos. Ce développement(...) commence vraiment en 1956 avec la création des celluloses échangeuses d’ions par Peterson et Sober, utilisables dans la séparation des protéines.  1, fiche 3, Français, - cellulose%20%C3%A9changeuse%20d%26rsquo%3Bions

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol