TERMIUM Plus^®

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A later solution [to the lighting issue was an] 'edge-lit' hologram … which employed a prism to channel light into a glass-plate hologram at the optimal angle to reconstruct the three-dimensional image.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - glass%2Dplate%20hologram

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The upper part of the hologram records the view of the upper part of the object, the right-hand side of the hologram, the right side of the object, and so on. It is like looking through a window at the object itself; and if you reduce the size of the window (e.g., by breaking the hologram into small pieces and looking through a single piece) … Such a hologram is often termed the master or primary hologram as distinguished from a copy or transfer hologram made from it.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - primary%20hologram

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Hologramme [...] appliqué sur une surface en relief [et] réfléchissante, lui permettant de diffracter la lumière.  1, fiche 3, Français, - hologramme%20estamp%C3%A9

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The high-efficiency hologram … uses a metasurface as a phase modulator to generate reflective hologram … rather than the transmitting image that was formed with light propagating through four layers of metal structures.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - high%2Defficiency%20hologram

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... in the reception mode, the maximum coupling occurs at the incoming angle of 30 degrees, which confirms the accuracy of the design. To confirm the accuracy of the analytical results, a one-dimensional hologram is designed by exploiting the subwavelength quasi-periodic patches, ...  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - one%2Ddimensional%20hologram

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[Scientists have] adopted the electrical ladder-network model to find an expression for the diffraction efficiency of the reflection phase hologram, which is actually dependent on the emulsion thickness.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - reflection%20phase%20hologram

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A hologram [that] gives shifted images of the logic array to provide nearest neighbour interaction for image processing applications.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - space%2Dinvariant%20hologram

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It may be interesting to know that the best image resolution in a phase in-line hologram … was obtained with the direct bleaching technique (bromine-methanol), where no ion diffusion takes place during processing.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - phase%20in%2Dline%20hologram

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... the reception of radio signals from orbital satellites at a single ground-based antenna allows synthesizing a one-dimensional hologram. In this case, since the irregularities have certain horizontal dimensions, the results obtained from a linear hologram will depend on the one-dimensional parameters of the irregularities.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - linear%20hologram

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In essence, [optical coherence tomography (OCT)] provides a multifrequency hologram and the refocusing method may be applied frequency-by-frequency to effectively move the focal plane even to planes outside the Rayleigh range. However, the image in the plane of the original focus is then out of focus.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - multifrequency%20hologram

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First, a digital hologram representing a given three dimensional (3D) object is down-sampled based on a fix, jitter down-sampling lattice. Second, the down-sampled hologram is interpolated, through pixel duplication, into a low resolution hologram that can be displayed with a low-resolution spatial light modulator (SLM).  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - low%2Dresolution%20hologram

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A composite hologram in which a separate hologram is recorded for each input with the reference wave at a new angle of incidence.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - frequency%20multiplexed%20hologram

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It is very recently reported that high resolution electron-holography does indeed show that the contrast in the holographic side-band images is three to five times higher than the contrast in the completely unfiltered centre-band image. ... Any strictly elastic diffuse scattering from defects or amorphous surface films would still be present in the side-band holograms.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - side%2Dband%20hologram

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A photograph, as a two-dimensional recording of an image formed by a lens, can be blurred from the start; the sharpness of the image is not affected by the light source used to illuminate it. The situation, however, is completely reversed for an optical hologram, which is a recording of a stationary quantum interference pattern, not an image.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - optical%20hologram

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L'acquisition d'un hologramme optique s'effectue à l'aide d'un processus d'interférence entre deux faisceaux lumineux issus d'un laser.  1, fiche 16, Français, - hologramme%20optique

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Extraction of the phase encoded in optically stored heterodyne holograms is thus possible with the two tested variants of [phase-shifting interferometry (PSI)] ... The heterodyne hologram practically behaves as a beam splitter with memory, ready to be a part of a phase-shifting interferometer.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - heterodyne%20hologram

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The upscaling quality of holograms was verified by comparing the upscaled hologram with the high-resolution hologram. The hologram image upscaled with deep learning network provides better quality in diffraction patterns and reconstruction compared with conventional upscaling methods.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - high%2Dresolution%20hologram

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A nonlinear hologram enables to record the amplitude and phase of a waveform by spatially modulating the second order nonlinear coefficient, so that when a pump laser illuminates it, this waveform is reconstructed at the second harmonic frequency.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - nonlinear%20hologram

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Fringes give "contours" measuring the displacement that the object underwent between the two exposures. A variation on this procedure is to make a single-exposure hologram, process it, and return it to the place where it was made with the original object still in place.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - single%2Dexposure%20hologram

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Over the years, [scientists] have demonstrated that one single planar hologram can reach a high resolution (down to 0.015 nm) in a very narrow spectral range (1 nm) or be designed to work over multiple narrow bands (up to 4).  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - planar%20hologram

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A hologram exhibiting optical power in transforming an object point to a conjugate image point.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - lenticular%20hologram

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A phase-modulation hologram results when the hologram modulates the phase of the illuminating wave such that the resulting wave has relative phase shifts ...  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - phase%2Dmodulation%20hologram

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… the diffractive characteristics of a polychromatic hologram can be adjusted by tuning the applied index modulation with respect to the recording parameters.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - polychromatic%20hologram

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To accelerate optical time reversal based on on-axis interferometry, the quasisingle-shot method was proposed and widely used in many fast [digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC)] systems for focusing through scattering media. However, this method needs to acquire two images for optical time reversal: one image for the reference beam, and the other one for the interferometric hologram.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - interferometric%20hologram

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[The new approach] takes a [three-dimensional (3D)] object as a basic element and then adds the holograms of all the 3D objects of one 3D scene together to obtain the ultimate hologram. The superposed hologram is able to reconstruct entire 3D objects.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - superposed%20hologram

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A hologram is an analog information carrier. Perspective information varies continuously across the spatial extent of the hologram. … Consideration of the psychophysics of human sight led to the reduction of the discrete hologram to a horizontal-parallax-only version, greatly reducing the nonessential and redundant information content of the discrete hologram.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - discrete%20hologram

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Conoscopic holography was a method suggested to obtain the incoherent hologram without spatially dividing the incident object wavefront into two by utilizing the birefringent crystal slap.  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - incoherent%20hologram

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There are two types of representative IDH [incoherent digital holography] techniques: IDH with a structured illumination and a single photodetector termed optical scanning holography and self-interference IDH. The latter IDH is a technique to obtain an incoherent digital hologram by modulating an incoherent light wave between an object and an image sensor.  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - incoherent%20digital%20hologram

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Hologramme présentant une série d'images enregistrées à sa surface, dans une succession qui permet, lorsque l'observateur se déplace, de créer une animation.  2, fiche 31, Français, - hologramme%20%C3%A0%20canaux%20multiples

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The image recorded on the holographic plate is called a hologram of the target, which carries both the amplitude and phase of the returned, scattered beam from the target. The first exposure of the holographic plate by the reference beam results in a reference hologram, while the second exposure by the returned beam imposes all changes of the target to the reference hologram.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - reference%20hologram

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Determining flow velocities from a double-exposure hologram requires particle pairing and the precise extraction of particle positions. This is done by computer-controlled video scanning of the field of particle images in three dimensions.  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - double%2Dexposure%20hologram

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… the enormous amount of calculation in the generation of a complex hologram from a 3D [three-dimensional] object model consisting of many points is a huge challenge and the fast CGH [computer-generated holography] calculation problem has been investigated from different perspectives. Another major concern is that holographic display devices such as spatial light modulators (SLM) usually cannot display both the amplitude and phase part of a complex hologram simultaneously.  2, fiche 34, Anglais, - complex%20hologram

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Hologramme dont l'enregistrement est fait alors que l'objet est placé très près de la plaque sensible.  2, fiche 35, Français, - hologramme%20de%20Fresnel

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A phase-only hologram … can be calculated from an object image with various methods such as Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm, error diffusion algorithm, random phase mask method and down-sampling mask method.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - phase%2Donly%20hologram

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Dolphins and bats have been using their own brand of sonar for millions of years, and both animals interpret their received pattern of signals by a neural network that closely resembles a real-time hologram.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - real%2Dtime%20hologram

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In the commonly used segment Fourier transform method for rainbow hologram reconstruction, the computation of 2D [two dimensional] Fourier transform on each hologram segment is very time consuming.  2, fiche 38, Anglais, - hologram%20segment

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For the acquisition of a single pair of double exposure holograms, a reference hologram … is captured at an initial state of deformation, an acoustic excitation is applied, and a deformed hologram … is captured after a controlled time delay …  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - deformed%20hologram

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… by this type of hologram deformation, it is possible to retrieve the EFI [extended focus image] of a tilted object, putting all parts of the object in focus in a single constructed image.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - hologram%20deformation

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Recently, some methods for generating CGH [computer‑generated holograms] from three-dimensional objects have been proposed. … There are three types: pure amplitude hologram, pure phase hologram, and complex hologram …  2, fiche 41, Anglais, - pure%20amplitude%20hologram

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Solar holograms are those holograms that are designed and used to take solar energy and divert, concentrate, disperse, reflect, or otherwise modify it for a variety of purposes.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - solar%20hologram

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Hologramme dont la restitution de l'image se fait avec la lumière du soleil.  1, fiche 42, Français, - hologramme%20solaire

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Under the pixelated performance of an SLM [spatial light modulator], an optical trap focuses at a distance … by displaying the following phase profile onto the liquid crystal plane … One immediate result of hologram discretization is the decrease in trap steering efficiency.  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - hologram%20discretization

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A thick transmission hologram is angular sensitive. Hence[,] the lateral location of the input is critical, which means it is highly space variant.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - thick%20transmission%20hologram

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The entire system delivers single pixel accuracy for more than 95% of the generated displacement vectors. The current system records, reconstructs, digitizes and erases a particle field hologram in less than 3 [minutes]. This allows for large-scale repetitive measurements (more than a hundred holograms [in] a single day), thereby enabling the acquisition of three-dimensional flow statistics.  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - particle%20field%20hologram

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A hologram that uses a mixture of gelatin, water, and ammonium dichromate as an emulsion.  2, fiche 46, Anglais, - dichromated%20gelatin%20hologram

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A hologram made with electron waves rather than visible light.  2, fiche 47, Anglais, - electron%20hologram

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An optical reconstruction method is the direct implementation of Gabor's original holography idea in which the wavefronts of electron waves are replaced by those of light waves … The electron holograms are regarded as diffraction gratings, and laser lights are irradiated on them as reconstruction waves.  3, fiche 47, Anglais, - electron%20hologram

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The production of cylindrical holographic stereograms, or multiplex holograms, requires the use of a large, low [f number] cylindrical lens to form a line image on the holographic film.  4, fiche 48, Anglais, - multiplex%20hologram

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… a copy hologram is made by laying a photoresist coated plate in close contact to the original hologram and illuminating the original hologram through the photoresist plate.  4, fiche 49, Anglais, - copy%20hologram

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Hologramme obtenu par l'enregistrement de l'image de la matrice holographique […] sur l'émulsion d'un deuxième hologramme […]  1, fiche 49, Français, - hologramme%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Un hologramme de seconde génération peut être du type transmission ou du type réflexion. Il est visible à la lumière blanche.  1, fiche 49, Français, - hologramme%20de%20seconde%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

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Optoelectronic reconstruction can be realized by using an electronic addressing reflective liquid-crystal display (LCD) spatial light modulator. A binary digital hologram from the computer is loaded on a LCD panel. A clear image can be observed in the distance by illuminating a reference light from a laser source to the liquid-crystal panel.  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - binary%20digital%20hologram

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The Fourier-Fraunhofer hologram, in which the object and the reference source are at infinity in the recording step, is the only practical case where an aberration-free image may be reconstructed from a plane hologram when the reconstruction source is not at the same place as the reference source relative to the hologram.  4, fiche 51, Anglais, - Fourier%20hologram

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binary Fourier hologram  5, fiche 51, Anglais, - Fourier%20hologram

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Hologramme formé par un objet plat situé dans le point focal d'une lentille.  3, fiche 51, Français, - hologramme%20de%20Fourier

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The curved multiplexing based on a curved hologram can improve FOV [field of vision] and information capacity ...  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - curved%20hologram

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Hologramme de réflexion obtenu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser unique, servant à la fois de faisceau objet et de faisceau de référence.  3, fiche 53, Français, - hologramme%20par%20r%C3%A9flexion%20%C3%A0%20faisceau%20unique

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The cylindrical hologram has a 360 [degree] look-around property and can be observed from any direction.  2, fiche 54, Anglais, - cylindrical%20hologram

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Œuvre holographique comportant plusieurs hologrammes, juxtaposés ou superposés, destinés à former un ensemble mural ou tridimensionnel.  1, fiche 55, Français, - hologramme%20composite

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Detour phase is the design principle … and is the core concept behind binary holograms, where the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are imposed by an array of apertures on an opaque screen. In a typical binary hologram, the dimension of each aperture sets the amount of light passing through it.  2, fiche 56, Anglais, - binary%20hologram

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Hologramme ayant été exposé plusieurs fois à la lumière du laser.  1, fiche 57, Français, - hologramme%20%C3%A0%20expositions%20multiples

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Computer-generated holograms may be produced using different forms of [wave-front] encoding methods. In the following section, three of the most representative [methods] are reviewed: detour-phase hologram, kinoform, and binary computer-generated hologram.  3, fiche 58, Anglais, - binary%20computer%2Dgenerated%20hologram

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An interferogram in which fringes can be seen with the naked eye.  2, fiche 59, Anglais, - auxiliary%20hologram

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A major step forward has now been made, whereby aerosol holograms can be measured automatically by interfacing the Quantimet 720 Image Analysing Computer with a new holographic reconstruction configuration.  2, fiche 60, Anglais, - aerosol%20hologram

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A hologram made with a real image as object.  2, fiche 63, Anglais, - image%20hologram

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L'hologramme image est enregistré dans le plan focal image de la lentille [...] Cet enregistrement est utilisé lorsque l'objet n'est pas trop profond.  1, fiche 63, Français, - hologramme%20image

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… the red component hologram can be obtained by adding all of the holograms [calculated from the red components] of all polygons …  2, fiche 64, Anglais, - red%20component%20hologram

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[A hologram] that takes up selected parts of the viewing light so that the rest can go into making the image.  2, fiche 65, Anglais, - absorption%20hologram

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Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a bleached hologram … it is the great reduction in loss of light through absorption that is important …  2, fiche 66, Anglais, - bleached%20hologram

Fiche 66,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 66,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hologram in which the image is viewed only by laser … light.  2, fiche 67, Anglais, - laser%20transmission%20hologram

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 67,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 68, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An extension of the kinoform approach is the "referenceless on-axis complex hologram" (ROACH), which encodes both the amplitude and phase of the Fourier coefficients in separate layers of color film.  2, fiche 68, Anglais, - referenceless%20on%2Daxis%20complex%20hologram

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 68,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] a hologram recorded with a point source acting as a spherical reference located in the same plane as that of the object and reconstructed later using a plane wave.  2, fiche 69, Anglais, - quasi%2DFourier%20hologram

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 69,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hologram that must be illuminated by a wave exactly like the reference wave if the image of the object is to be seen.  2, fiche 70, Anglais, - coded%20hologram

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 70,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 71,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 71,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 72,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 72,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 73,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the two interfering beams are travelling in substantially the same direction, the recording of the interference pattern is said to be a Gabor hologram or in-line hologram.  4, fiche 73, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20hologram

Fiche 73,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Hologramme] enregistré à partir de la disposition sur un même axe du faisceau objet et du faisceau de référence (un seul rayon servant aux deux).  4, fiche 73, Français, - hologramme%20en%20ligne

Fiche 73,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 74,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 74,  Justifications,  Espagnol